Question 1,401 of 2,152

Policy-Based Routing (PBR) →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is that the packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with the ToS field set to 184. This is correct because the route-map PBR-SET matches ACL 160, which permits any source from the 10.0.0.0/8 network, and the packet from 10.0.0.5 satisfies that condition. When a route map contains multiple set clauses, such as ip next-hop and ip tos, policy-based routing (PBR) applies all of them simultaneously, so the packet is both redirected to the specified next-hop and its ToS value is overwritten to 184, which corresponds to DSCP 46 (EF) or IP precedence 5. On the Cisco CCNP ENARSI 300-410 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how PBR set tos interacts with multiple set clauses and the importance of verifying reachability of the next-hop—a common trap is assuming PBR fails if the next-hop is unreachable, but here the match count confirms it is working. A helpful memory tip: “PBR sets both path and packet priority—next-hop for routing, ToS for marking.”

300-410 Policy-Based Routing (PBR) Practice Question

This 300-410 practice question tests your understanding of policy-based routing (pbr). Examine the command output carefully: the correct answer depends on what the output actually shows, not on general recall alone. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A network engineer runs the following command on Router R1:

R1# show ip policy
Interface     Route-map

GigabitEthernet0/0 PBR-SET

R1# show route-map PBR-SET

route-map PBR-SET, permit, sequence 10 Match clauses:

ip address (access-lists): 160

Set clauses:

ip next-hop 192.168.1.2
    ip tos 184

Policy routing matches: 300 packets, 24000 bytes

R1# show access-lists 160

Extended IP access list 160

10 permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any

R1# show interfaces GigabitEthernet0/0

GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 10.0.0.1/24

Based on this output, a packet from source 10.0.0.5 to destination 8.8.8.8 arrives on GigabitEthernet0/0. What is the most likely behavior?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

Clue: "most likely"
Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice

Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

A
The packet is forwarded using the routing table because the next-hop is not specified correctly.
Why wrong: The next-hop is specified; the 300 matches indicate it is working.
B
The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with the ToS field set to 184.
The route map matches the packet and sets both next-hop and ToS, so the packet is policy-routed with the new ToS value.
C
The packet is dropped because the ToS value is invalid.
Why wrong: ToS 184 is a valid value (binary 10111000).
D
The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 but the ToS is not changed.
Why wrong: The set clause includes ip tos, so ToS is changed.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with the ToS field set to 184.

The packet matches ACL 160 (source 10.0.0.0/8). The route map sets both next-hop and ToS. The next-hop 192.168.1.2 must be reachable for PBR to apply. Assuming it is reachable (not shown but implied by matches), the packet will be forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with ToS set to 184 (which is 0xB8, or IP precedence 5, DSCP 46).

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
The packet is forwarded using the routing table because the next-hop is not specified correctly.
Why it's wrong here
The next-hop is specified; the 300 matches indicate it is working.
✓
The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with the ToS field set to 184.
Why this is correct
The route map matches the packet and sets both next-hop and ToS, so the packet is policy-routed with the new ToS value.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
The packet is dropped because the ToS value is invalid.
Why it's wrong here
ToS 184 is a valid value (binary 10111000).
✗
The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 but the ToS is not changed.
Why it's wrong here
The set clause includes ip tos, so ToS is changed.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related 300-410 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this 300-410 question test?

Policy-Based Routing (PBR) — This question tests Policy-Based Routing (PBR) — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The packet is forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with the ToS field set to 184. — The packet matches ACL 160 (source 10.0.0.0/8). The route map sets both next-hop and ToS. The next-hop 192.168.1.2 must be reachable for PBR to apply. Assuming it is reachable (not shown but implied by matches), the packet will be forwarded to 192.168.1.2 with ToS set to 184 (which is 0xB8, or IP precedence 5, DSCP 46).

What should I do if I get this 300-410 question wrong?

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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Last reviewed: Jun 18, 2026

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