Question 424 of 2,011
hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped
300-410 Practice Question: Runs the following command on Router R3: R3# show…
A network engineer runs the following command on Router R3:
R3# show logging | include %OSPF-5-ADJCHG *Mar 1 00:05:10.123: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done *Mar 1 00:06:20.456: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired *Mar 1 00:07:30.789: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from DOWN to INIT, Received Hello *Mar 1 00:08:40.012: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from INIT to EXSTART, Event: start *Mar 1 00:09:50.345: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from EXSTART to EXCHANGE, Event: Negotiation Done *Mar 1 00:10:00.678: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from EXCHANGE to LOADING, Event: Exchange Done *Mar 1 00:11:10.901: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done *Mar 1 00:12:20.234: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.0.0.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
Based on this output, what is the most likely problem?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
There is a Layer 1 or Layer 2 issue causing intermittent connectivity on GigabitEthernet0/0.
The output shows repeated OSPF adjacency changes between R3 and neighbor 10.0.0.1, with the neighbor going from FULL to DOWN due to dead timer expiration, then re-establishing. This pattern indicates an unstable OSPF neighbor relationship, likely due to a flapping interface, mismatched timers, or Layer 1 issues. The dead timer expiration suggests that hello packets are not being received consistently.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The OSPF process is misconfigured with mismatched area IDs.
Why it's wrong here
If area IDs mismatched, the neighbor would not reach FULL at all; the adjacency goes through all states, indicating correct area configuration.
- ✓
There is a Layer 1 or Layer 2 issue causing intermittent connectivity on GigabitEthernet0/0.
Why this is correct
The dead timer expiration indicates that hello packets are not received in time, which is often due to flapping interfaces or high error rates.
- ✗
The OSPF dead timer is set too high, causing slow convergence.
Why it's wrong here
A high dead timer would make the neighbor take longer to go down, but the pattern shows quick transitions, suggesting a short timer or actual connectivity loss.
- ✗
The router is running out of memory, causing OSPF process restarts.
Why it's wrong here
There is no indication of memory issues; the OSPF process is running and forming adjacencies repeatedly.
Visual reference
Quick reference
Routing Protocol Comparison
| Protocol | Metric | Max Hops | Algorithm | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIP v2 | Hop count | 15 | Bellman-Ford | Distance vector |
| OSPF | Cost (bandwidth) | Unlimited | Dijkstra (SPF) | Link state |
| EIGRP | Composite metric | Unlimited | DUAL | Hybrid |
| IS-IS | Cost | Unlimited | Dijkstra | Link state |
| BGP | Policy / attributes | Unlimited | Path vector | Path vector |
RIP's 15-hop limit makes it unsuitable for large networks. OSPF and EIGRP dominate modern enterprise deployments.
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Last reviewed: Jun 18, 2026
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