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350-701 Practice Question: An engineer is troubleshooting an IPsec VPN…

An engineer is troubleshooting an IPsec VPN between two Cisco routers. The tunnel is up, but traffic is not passing. The encryption domain on both sides is correctly configured. What is the most likely cause?

⚠ Common exam trap

Cisco often tests the distinction between tunnel establishment (IKE phase 1 and 2) and data-plane forwarding, tricking candidates into thinking a tunnel being 'up' guarantees traffic flow, when in fact ACLs or firewall rules can block the encrypted payload.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

ACL on the WAN interface blocking ESP traffic

When the IPsec tunnel is up but no traffic passes, the most common cause is that the WAN interface ACL is blocking ESP (protocol 50) or UDP/4500 (NAT-T) traffic. Even though IKE and IPsec SAs are established, if the ACL drops the encrypted packets, the tunnel appears operational but cannot forward data. This is distinct from transform set or IKE mismatches, which would prevent the tunnel from coming up at all.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Mismatched IPSec transform sets

    Why it's wrong here

    If transform sets mismatched, the IPsec SA would not be established.

  • Routing loop

    Why it's wrong here

    A routing loop is unlikely if the tunnel is up; routing should work normally.

  • ACL on the WAN interface blocking ESP traffic

    Why this is correct

    ESP traffic (IP protocol 50) may be dropped by an inbound or outbound ACL.

  • Mismatched IKE phase 1 parameters

    Why it's wrong here

    If IKE parameters mismatched, the tunnel would not come up.

Visual reference

Inside (Private) PC-A 10.0.0.1 PC-B 10.0.0.2 NAT Router Outside (Public) 203.0.113.1 Inside Global Server PAT: many private IPs share one public IP via unique port numbers

Quick reference

VPN Protocol Comparison

ProtocolPortEncryptionAuthenticationUse Case
IKEv2 / IPsecUDP 500 / 4500AES-256Certificates / PSKSite-to-site & remote access
SSL / TLS VPNTCP 443TLS 1.3Certificates / MFAClientless remote access
L2TP / IPsecUDP 1701AES (IPsec)PSK / CertificatesLegacy remote access
WireGuardUDP 51820ChaCha20Public keysModern high-performance VPN
PPTPTCP 1723MPPE (weak)MS-CHAPv2Legacy — avoid in production

PPTP is considered insecure. IKEv2/IPsec and SSL VPN are the current recommended options.

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JA

Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

This 350-701 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Cisco certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the 350-701 exam.