Question 164 of 500
Security ConceptshardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is implementing internal firewall zones using a next-generation firewall (NGFW) with application inspection and user identity. This approach achieves network segmentation with NGFW zones for threat containment by enforcing granular, stateful traffic control between departments without altering the existing flat IP scheme or requiring new switching hardware, directly addressing the ransomware lateral movement risk. On the Cisco SCOR 350-701 exam, this scenario tests your understanding that NGFW zones provide deep packet inspection and identity-based policies, whereas VLANs with ACLs are stateless and require subnet reconfiguration, and VPNs add unnecessary overhead. A common trap is assuming VLANs alone suffice, but they lack application-layer visibility to stop ransomware propagation. Remember the memory tip: “Zones inspect, VLANs deflect”—NGFW zones actively inspect traffic at Layers 4-7, while VLANs only isolate at Layer 2 without blocking malicious lateral moves.

350-701 Security Concepts Practice Question

This 350-701 practice question tests your understanding of security concepts. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A financial institution with a flat Layer 2 network has experienced a ransomware incident where an infected workstation in the accounting department propagated laterally to a server in the finance department. The network spans 10 switches connected in a star topology with a collapsed core. The IT team wants to implement segmentation to contain such threats in the future, without requiring major hardware upgrades and with minimal change to IP addressing. The network currently uses a single VLAN with /16 subnet. Which of the following approaches would BEST achieve the segmentation goal, considering the constraints?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "best"

    Why it matters: Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.

Question 1hardmultiple choice
Open the full VLAN trunking answer →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Implement internal firewall zones using a next-generation firewall (NGFW) with application inspection and user identity

Implementing internal firewall zones with a next-generation firewall provides granular, stateful inspection and application-level segmentation. It can filter traffic between departments without changing IP addressing and leverages existing switch infrastructure. VLANs with ACLs on the edge router are stateless and can be bypassed; also they require reconfiguring IP addressing if VLANs are separate subnets, and ACLs on a core router do not provide the depth of inspection needed. Deploying a VPN for all internal traffic is not scalable and adds latency. Using STP and PVLANs on switches can provide some isolation but does not prevent lateral movement at higher layers and is complex to manage across multiple switches without a fabric. Option B is the most effective given the constraints.

Key principle: A trunk being up does not mean the VLAN is allowed across it. Always verify the allowed VLAN list and whether the VLAN exists on both switches.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Use Spanning Tree Protocol with Private VLANs on all switches

    Why it's wrong here

    PVLANs provide isolation within a VLAN but require careful configuration and do not prevent lateral movement across different PVLANs if not properly enforced; also STP does not block traffic at Layer 3.

  • Deploy a full-mesh VPN between all departments to encrypt and restrict traffic

    Why it's wrong here

    IPsec VPNs are not designed for internal segmentation, introduce overhead, and cannot inspect application-layer traffic.

  • Implement internal firewall zones using a next-generation firewall (NGFW) with application inspection and user identity

    Why this is correct

    An NGFW provides stateful, application-aware segmentation that can enforce micro-segmentation without IP changes and leverage existing VLAN trunking.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "best" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Access ports place end devices into a single VLAN.

  • Deploy VLANs for each department and apply ACLs on the core router to restrict inter-VLAN traffic

    Why it's wrong here

    This would require IP re-addressing and the core router ACLs are stateless and harder to manage for application-layer threats.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: an active trunk can still block the VLAN you need

A trunk being up does not prove every VLAN is crossing it. Check allowed VLAN lists, native VLAN mismatch, VLAN existence and access-port assignment.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

VLAN questions usually combine access-port and trunking clues. The key is to identify whether the issue is local to one switchport, caused by the trunk, or caused by the VLAN not existing where it needs to exist.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Access ports place end devices into a single VLAN.
  • Trunk ports carry multiple VLANs between switches.
  • Allowed VLAN lists decide which VLANs can cross a trunk.
  • Native VLAN mismatch can create confusing symptoms.

TExam Day Tips

  • Use show vlan brief to verify access VLANs.
  • Use show interfaces trunk to verify trunk state and allowed VLANs.
  • Do not treat every same-VLAN issue as a routing problem.

Key takeaway

A trunk being up does not mean the VLAN is allowed across it. Always verify the allowed VLAN list and whether the VLAN exists on both switches.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A help-desk technician troubleshoots why a newly connected PC cannot reach shared printers on the same floor. The cable is good, the switch port is active, but the PC is in VLAN 20 and the printers are in VLAN 10. The uplink trunk only allows VLAN 10. A trunk being up does not mean every VLAN crosses it.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review VLAN allowed lists, native VLAN mismatch detection, and how to verify VLAN membership with show vlan brief and show interfaces trunk. Then practise related 350-701 questions on switching, trunking, and access-port configuration.

Related practice questions

Related 350-701 practice-question pages

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this 350-701 question test?

Security Concepts — This question tests Security Concepts — Access ports place end devices into a single VLAN..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Implement internal firewall zones using a next-generation firewall (NGFW) with application inspection and user identity — Implementing internal firewall zones with a next-generation firewall provides granular, stateful inspection and application-level segmentation. It can filter traffic between departments without changing IP addressing and leverages existing switch infrastructure. VLANs with ACLs on the edge router are stateless and can be bypassed; also they require reconfiguring IP addressing if VLANs are separate subnets, and ACLs on a core router do not provide the depth of inspection needed. Deploying a VPN for all internal traffic is not scalable and adds latency. Using STP and PVLANs on switches can provide some isolation but does not prevent lateral movement at higher layers and is complex to manage across multiple switches without a fabric. Option B is the most effective given the constraints.

What should I do if I get this 350-701 question wrong?

Review VLAN allowed lists, native VLAN mismatch detection, and how to verify VLAN membership with show vlan brief and show interfaces trunk. Then practise related 350-701 questions on switching, trunking, and access-port configuration.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "best". Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Access ports place end devices into a single VLAN.

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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026

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