Match each security concept to its most accurate purpose.

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How to think about this question

Authentication is the process that verifies the identity of a user or device before granting access to network resources. In Cisco networking, protocols like RADIUS and TACACS+ are commonly used to authenticate users connecting to devices or services. Authentication ensures that only legitimate users can initiate sessions, forming the first line of defense in network security. Without authentication, unauthorized users could gain access, compromising network integrity. Authorization follows authentication and determines what an authenticated user is permitted to do on the network. After identity verification, the system checks the user's permissions and access rights, enforcing policies such as which commands can be executed or which resources can be accessed. Cisco devices use authorization to enforce role-based access control, ensuring users operate within their allowed scope, which is critical for maintaining secure and manageable networks. Accounting records and logs user activities after authentication and authorization. It tracks what actions users perform, such as commands issued or resources accessed, providing an audit trail for security monitoring and troubleshooting. Confidentiality, distinct from these three, focuses on protecting data from unauthorized disclosure through encryption and secure protocols. Understanding these separate but complementary concepts helps network professionals design robust security policies and correctly interpret CCNA exam questions.

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