The answer is a stopped or terminated EC2 instance. When an instance is no longer running, CloudWatch stops receiving metric data points, causing the alarm to remain in INSUFFICIENT_DATA state for hours rather than briefly during initial metric collection. This occurs because both the default CPU utilization metric published by AWS and any custom metrics from the CloudWatch agent cease entirely when the instance is shut down or deleted. On the AWS Certified SysOps Administrator Associate SOA-C02 exam, this scenario tests your understanding that INSUFFICIENT_DATA is not an error but a signal that no data exists for the evaluation period—a common trap is confusing it with ALARM state or assuming a temporary network blip. Remember the memory tip: “No instance, no data, INSUFFICIENT forever.”
SOA-C02 Monitoring, Logging, and Remediation Practice Question
This SOA-C02 practice question tests your understanding of monitoring, logging, and remediation. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Network Topology
Refer to the exhibit. The alarm has been in INSUFFICIENT_DATA state for several hours. What is the most likely cause?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "most likely"
Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
The EC2 instance is stopped or terminated.
The INSUFFICIENT_DATA state for several hours indicates that CloudWatch has not received any metric data points for the specified period. If the EC2 instance is stopped or terminated, the CloudWatch agent stops sending metrics, and the default CPU utilization metric (which is published by AWS, not the agent) also ceases because the instance is no longer running. This causes the alarm to remain in INSUFFICIENT_DATA indefinitely until the instance is started again or the metric resumes.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
The alarm evaluation period is too long.
Why it's wrong here
Period of 300 seconds is standard; INSUFFICIENT_DATA means no data at all.
✓
The EC2 instance is stopped or terminated.
Why this is correct
If the instance is stopped, no metrics are emitted.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
The instance has no CloudWatch agent installed.
Why it's wrong here
CPUUtilization is a standard metric, no agent needed.
✗
The instance is running but the CPU utilization is below the threshold.
Why it's wrong here
If below threshold, the state would be OK, not INSUFFICIENT_DATA.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse INSUFFICIENT_DATA with ALARM or OK states, mistakenly thinking low CPU utilization or missing CloudWatch agent would cause this state, when in fact INSUFFICIENT_DATA strictly means no metric data has been received at all for the evaluation period.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
CloudWatch alarms transition to INSUFFICIENT_DATA when the metric's data points are missing for the entire duration of the alarm's evaluation period (e.g., 3 out of 3 datapoints missing). For EC2 default metrics, the hypervisor publishes CPU utilization every 5 minutes (standard) or 1 minute (detailed monitoring). If the instance is stopped or terminated, the hypervisor stops publishing, and the alarm never receives new datapoints. A real-world scenario is when an Auto Scaling group terminates an unhealthy instance, causing alarms tied to that specific instance ID to remain INSUFFICIENT_DATA until the alarm is manually deleted or the instance ID is updated.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A cloud solutions architect for a retail company is evaluating services for a new workload. The correct answer here reflects best practice for the specific scenario described — not a general cloud recommendation. Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option. Cloud exam questions reward reading the constraint carefully: the same technology can be right or wrong depending on the use case.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Monitoring, Logging, and Remediation — This question tests Monitoring, Logging, and Remediation — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: The EC2 instance is stopped or terminated. — The INSUFFICIENT_DATA state for several hours indicates that CloudWatch has not received any metric data points for the specified period. If the EC2 instance is stopped or terminated, the CloudWatch agent stops sending metrics, and the default CPU utilization metric (which is published by AWS, not the agent) also ceases because the instance is no longer running. This causes the alarm to remain in INSUFFICIENT_DATA indefinitely until the instance is started again or the metric resumes.
What should I do if I get this SOA-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
Courseiva creates original exam-style practice questions with explanations and wrong-answer analysis. It does not publish real exam questions, exam dumps, or protected exam content. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. A company has a CloudWatch alarm that monitors the CPU utilization of an EC2 instance. The alarm is set to trigger when CPU utilization exceeds 80% for 5 consecutive minutes. The alarm state is 'INSUFFICIENT_DATA'. What does this mean?
hard
A.The CPU utilization is below 80% for 5 minutes.
B.The CPU utilization has exceeded 80% for 5 minutes.
✓ C.The alarm does not have enough data to determine the state.
D.The alarm is missing data points for the past 5 minutes.
Why C: The INSUFFICIENT_DATA state in CloudWatch indicates that the alarm has not received enough metric data points to evaluate whether the threshold (CPU utilization > 80% for 5 consecutive minutes) has been breached. This typically occurs when the EC2 instance is newly launched, the CloudWatch agent is not reporting, or there are gaps in metric collection due to network issues or instance stops. It does not imply any conclusion about the CPU utilization level itself.
Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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This SOA-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SOA-C02 exam.
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