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SOA-C02 Networking and Content Delivery Practice Question

Network Topology
$ aws ec2 describe-security-groupsgroup-ids sg-12345678Refer to the exhibit.```"SecurityGroups": ["GroupId": "sg-12345678","IpPermissions": ["IpProtocol": "tcp","FromPort": 80,"ToPort": 80,"IpRanges": [{"CidrIp": "10.0.0.0/16"}},"FromPort": 443,"ToPort": 443,{"CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"}

Refer to the exhibit. A security group is attached to an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that serves HTTPS traffic on port 443. Users can access the application via HTTPS. However, the ALB's health checks to targets on port 80 are failing. What is the reason?

⚠ Common exam trap

SOA-C02 often tests the misconception that the ALB's own security group controls health-check success — in reality, the target's security group must allow the health-check port from the ALB.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The security group for the target instances does not allow HTTP traffic from the ALB's security group.

ALB health checks originate from the ALB's nodes and are sent to the target's health-check port (here port 80/HTTP). For the check to succeed, the target instance's security group must allow inbound HTTP from the ALB's security group. Since users can reach the app over HTTPS on 443, the ALB listener and its security group are fine — the failure is on the target-side SG not permitting the health-check traffic.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The ALB's security group does not allow HTTPS traffic from the internet.

    Why it's wrong here

    The exhibit clearly shows an inbound HTTPS (port 443) rule from 0.0.0.0/0 on the ALB's security group, so this statement is factually false. More importantly, this rule is for client-to-ALB traffic, which is unrelated to the ALB's ability to reach targets for health checks; those probes originate from the ALB and are filtered by the targets' security group. Even if this rule were absent, the only impact would be users failing to reach the load balancer over HTTPS, not the reported unhealthy targets.

  • ✓

    The security group for the target instances does not allow HTTP traffic from the ALB's security group.

    Why this is correct

    This is correct because the ALB sends health check requests from its own network interfaces, using the ALB's security group as the source in the allowed inbound rule on each target. The target instance's security group must explicitly allow inbound TCP on the health check port (HTTP/80) from the ALB's security group ID (or from the VPC CIDR if the security group reference is not used). Without that rule, the OS receives the SYN packet but the security group silently drops it, so the health check times out and the target is marked unhealthy. This is the standard root cause for healthy-app-turned-unhealthy after an ALB change or when targets are in a different security group.

  • ✗

    The ALB's security group does not allow HTTP traffic from the target's IP range.

    Why it's wrong here

    This statement inverts the traffic flow required for load balancer health checks. The ALB's security group governs inbound connections to the load balancer from clients, not outbound connections that the ALB initiates to targets; for health checks, the target instance's security group must permit HTTP from the ALB's security group or its VPC CIDR. Moreover, the exhibit already shows the ALB allowing HTTP from 10.0.0.0/16, but even that rule is irrelevant because the health check source is the ALB's private IP addresses, not the target's IP range. Thus, a missing inbound rule on the target side is the cause, not a missing rule on the ALB side.

  • ✗

    The health check is configured to use HTTPS, but the target only supports HTTP.

    Why it's wrong here

    The health check configuration shown in the exhibit explicitly uses HTTP on port 80, matching the target group's protocol and port, so there is no HTTPS-to-HTTP mismatch. Even if HTTPS were used, the failure would typically be due to the target not presenting a trusted certificate or not listening on 443, neither of which is applicable here. The actual issue is that the target instances' security group is filtering the ALB's health check probes, causing them to fail at the network layer before any TLS handshake or HTTP request could occur.

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JA

Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

Last reviewed September 2026 · checked against the official Amazon Web Services exam blueprint

This SOA-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SOA-C02 exam.