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SCS-C02 Infrastructure Security Practice Question

This SCS-C02 practice question tests your understanding of infrastructure security. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A security engineer is designing a network architecture in AWS. The engineer needs to ensure that all outbound traffic from a VPC goes through a centrally managed NAT device for logging and filtering. The VPC has multiple private subnets. Which TWO steps are required to accomplish this? (Choose TWO.)

A
Deploy an HTTP forward proxy in the public subnet.
Why wrong: A proxy is not required; a NAT device can perform network address translation.
B
Create a route table for the private subnets with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the NAT device.
This routes outbound traffic from private subnets to the NAT device.
C
Set up a transit gateway and attach the VPC to it.
Why wrong: Transit gateway is for connecting multiple VPCs, not for outbound internet traffic.
D
Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3.
Why wrong: Gateway endpoints are for S3 and DynamoDB, not for general internet traffic.
E
Place the NAT device in a public subnet with a route to an internet gateway.
The NAT device needs a route to the internet gateway to forward traffic.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Create a route table for the private subnets with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the NAT device.

To route all outbound traffic from private subnets through a centrally managed NAT device, you need to configure the route tables for those subnets to send default traffic (0.0.0.0/0) to the NAT device (Option B). Additionally, the NAT device must be placed in a public subnet with a route to an internet gateway so it can translate the private IPs and forward traffic to the internet (Option E). Option A is wrong because an HTTP forward proxy is not necessary for this purpose. Option C is wrong because a transit gateway does not replace the need for a NAT device and route table configuration. Option D is wrong because a gateway endpoint is for private access to services like S3 or DynamoDB, not for general internet traffic.

Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Deploy an HTTP forward proxy in the public subnet.
Why it's wrong here
A proxy is not required; a NAT device can perform network address translation.
✓
Create a route table for the private subnets with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the NAT device.
Why this is correct
This routes outbound traffic from private subnets to the NAT device.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
✗
Set up a transit gateway and attach the VPC to it.
Why it's wrong here
Transit gateway is for connecting multiple VPCs, not for outbound internet traffic.
✗
Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3.
Why it's wrong here
Gateway endpoints are for S3 and DynamoDB, not for general internet traffic.
✓
Place the NAT device in a public subnet with a route to an internet gateway.
Why this is correct
The NAT device needs a route to the internet gateway to forward traffic.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses

Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.

KKey Concepts to Remember

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.

TExam Day Tips

Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.

Key takeaway

Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

Visual reference

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage Class	Min Duration	Retrieval	Use Case
S3 Standard	None	Immediate	Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA	30 days	Immediate	Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA	30 days	Immediate	Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering	None	Immediate–hours	Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant	90 days	Milliseconds	Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible	90 days	Minutes–hours	Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive	180 days	Hours	Long-term compliance archive

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SCS-C02 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SCS-C02 question test?

Infrastructure Security — This question tests Infrastructure Security — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Create a route table for the private subnets with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the NAT device. — To route all outbound traffic from private subnets through a centrally managed NAT device, you need to configure the route tables for those subnets to send default traffic (0.0.0.0/0) to the NAT device (Option B). Additionally, the NAT device must be placed in a public subnet with a route to an internet gateway so it can translate the private IPs and forward traffic to the internet (Option E). Option A is wrong because an HTTP forward proxy is not necessary for this purpose. Option C is wrong because a transit gateway does not replace the need for a NAT device and route table configuration. Option D is wrong because a gateway endpoint is for private access to services like S3 or DynamoDB, not for general internet traffic.

What should I do if I get this SCS-C02 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

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