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Infrastructure SecurityhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

SCS-C02 Infrastructure Security Practice Question

This SCS-C02 practice question tests your understanding of infrastructure security. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Exhibit: (CloudFormation snippet)
Resources:
  MyEC2Instance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      InstanceType: t2.micro
      ImageId: ami-0abcdef1234567890
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref MySecurityGroup
  MySecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Allow HTTP and SSH
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 22
          ToPort: 22
          CidrIp: 10.0.0.0/8

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer is reviewing this CloudFormation template. What security risk is present in this configuration?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Exhibit: (CloudFormation snippet)
Resources:
  MyEC2Instance:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      InstanceType: t2.micro
      ImageId: ami-0abcdef1234567890
      SecurityGroups:
        - !Ref MySecurityGroup
  MySecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Allow HTTP and SSH
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 22
          ToPort: 22
          CidrIp: 10.0.0.0/8

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

SSH access is allowed from a large internal CIDR block (10.0.0.0/8) which could expose the instance to unnecessary internal threats.

Option C is correct because allowing SSH (TCP port 22) from the entire 10.0.0.0/8 CIDR block is overly permissive. This range encompasses all RFC 1918 private addresses in the 10.x.x.x space, which could include many internal subnets, VPNs, or peered VPCs that do not require administrative access. Unnecessarily broad internal access increases the attack surface and violates the principle of least privilege.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The template does not associate the security group with the instance, so the instance has no security group.

    Why it's wrong here

    The template does associate via Ref.

  • HTTP access is allowed from all IP addresses (0.0.0.0/0) which is a security risk.

    Why it's wrong here

    HTTP to 0.0.0.0/0 is typical for public web servers; not necessarily a risk.

  • SSH access is allowed from a large internal CIDR block (10.0.0.0/8) which could expose the instance to unnecessary internal threats.

    Why this is correct

    10.0.0.0/8 is a large range; should be more restrictive.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • The template uses SecurityGroups property instead of SecurityGroupIds, which is deprecated.

    Why it's wrong here

    SecurityGroups is still valid for EC2-Classic, but in VPC, SecurityGroupIds is recommended but not a security risk.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates often focus on the obvious risk of opening SSH to 0.0.0.0/0, but the question tests whether they recognize that an overly broad internal CIDR (10.0.0.0/8) is also a significant security risk, especially when SSH is involved.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

The 10.0.0.0/8 CIDR block covers over 16 million IP addresses, often used in large enterprise or multi-account AWS environments. If an attacker compromises any resource within that range (e.g., a compromised EC2 instance or a misconfigured VPN), they could attempt SSH brute-force attacks against the instance. AWS Security Groups are stateful, so allowing inbound SSH from 10.0.0.0/8 also implicitly allows outbound return traffic, but does not restrict which internal sources can initiate connections.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

Visual reference

192.168.1.0 /24 256 addresses (254 usable) 192.168.1.0 /25 Subnet A 128 addr (126 usable) 192.168.1.128 /25 Subnet B 128 addr (126 usable) Borrowing 1 bit from host portion creates 2 subnets (/25)

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SCS-C02 question test?

Infrastructure Security — This question tests Infrastructure Security — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: SSH access is allowed from a large internal CIDR block (10.0.0.0/8) which could expose the instance to unnecessary internal threats. — Option C is correct because allowing SSH (TCP port 22) from the entire 10.0.0.0/8 CIDR block is overly permissive. This range encompasses all RFC 1918 private addresses in the 10.x.x.x space, which could include many internal subnets, VPNs, or peered VPCs that do not require administrative access. Unnecessarily broad internal access increases the attack surface and violates the principle of least privilege.

What should I do if I get this SCS-C02 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026

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This SCS-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SCS-C02 exam.