Question 1,518 of 1,738
Security Logging and MonitoringhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is to use AWS CloudTrail delivering logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption and S3 server access logs, combined with Amazon GuardDuty enabled in all accounts. This works because CloudTrail provides a centralized audit trail of API calls across all accounts in AWS Organizations, while GuardDuty uses machine learning and anomaly detection to identify unusual API activity, such as credential misuse or reconnaissance, across those accounts. On the AWS Certified Security Specialty SCS-C02 exam, this question tests your ability to distinguish between security services that use ML for different purposes—GuardDuty for threat detection versus Macie for sensitive data discovery. A common trap is choosing Amazon Detective, which analyzes post-breach findings but does not provide proactive ML-based anomaly detection for API activity like GuardDuty does. Memory tip: GuardDuty guards the door against suspicious API calls, while Macie minds the data inside the bucket.

SCS-C02 Security Logging and Monitoring Practice Question

This SCS-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security logging and monitoring. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple accounts. The security team wants to centrally monitor and analyze all CloudTrail logs from all accounts. The logs must be stored in a centralized S3 bucket with encryption and access logging enabled. Additionally, the team needs to detect anomalous API activity across accounts using machine learning. Which combination of services meets these requirements?

Question 1hardmultiple choice
Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption and S3 server access logs; Amazon GuardDuty enabled in all accounts.

Option B is correct because Amazon Macie uses ML to discover sensitive data in S3, not to detect anomalous API activity. Option A is correct: CloudTrail delivers logs to a centralized S3 bucket, Amazon GuardDuty uses ML to detect anomalous API activity across accounts, and S3 server access logs record requests to the bucket. Option C is wrong because AWS Config tracks resource configuration changes, not API activity. Option D is wrong because Amazon Detective analyzes security data but does not provide ML-based anomaly detection for API activity like GuardDuty.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption; AWS Config to monitor API activity; S3 server access logs enabled.

    Why it's wrong here

    Config tracks resource configuration, not API activity.

  • AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption; Amazon Macie to detect anomalous API activity; S3 server access logs enabled.

    Why it's wrong here

    Macie detects sensitive data, not anomalous API activity.

  • AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption; Amazon Detective to analyze API activity; S3 server access logs enabled.

    Why it's wrong here

    Detective analyzes security data but does not provide ML-based anomaly detection for API activity across accounts as comprehensively as GuardDuty.

  • AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption and S3 server access logs; Amazon GuardDuty enabled in all accounts.

    Why this is correct

    CloudTrail logs to S3, GuardDuty provides ML-based anomaly detection across accounts, and S3 server access logs provide request logging.

    Related concept

    Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
  • PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
  • Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
  • NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

  • Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
  • Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
  • Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SCS-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SCS-C02 question test?

Security Logging and Monitoring — This question tests Security Logging and Monitoring — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: AWS CloudTrail to deliver logs to a centralized S3 bucket with default encryption and S3 server access logs; Amazon GuardDuty enabled in all accounts. — Option B is correct because Amazon Macie uses ML to discover sensitive data in S3, not to detect anomalous API activity. Option A is correct: CloudTrail delivers logs to a centralized S3 bucket, Amazon GuardDuty uses ML to detect anomalous API activity across accounts, and S3 server access logs record requests to the bucket. Option C is wrong because AWS Config tracks resource configuration changes, not API activity. Option D is wrong because Amazon Detective analyzes security data but does not provide ML-based anomaly detection for API activity like GuardDuty.

What should I do if I get this SCS-C02 question wrong?

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SCS-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026

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This SCS-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SCS-C02 exam.