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CCNA Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization Questions

49 of 349 questions · Page 5/5 · Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization · Answers revealed

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301
MCQhard

A company is modernizing a monolithic application by decomposing it into microservices. The application currently uses a single MySQL database. The company wants to use a polyglot persistence approach, with different microservices using the most appropriate database type. The team has limited experience with NoSQL databases. Which strategy should the team use to minimize risk during the migration?

A.Rewrite the entire application as microservices using a new database for each service from the start
B.Use the strangler fig pattern to incrementally replace parts of the monolith with microservices, starting with a non-critical function
C.Migrate the entire monolith to a containerized application on Amazon ECS in one go
D.Use AWS DMS to replicate the monolith's database to multiple target databases simultaneously
AnswerB

Correct. The strangler fig pattern allows gradual migration with minimal risk.

Why this answer

Using the strangler fig pattern allows incremental migration, replacing parts of the monolith with microservices one at a time. This reduces risk because each microservice can be tested independently. Starting with a non-critical service provides learning opportunity without high impact.

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302
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a monolithic application to Amazon ECS. The application currently stores session data in local memory. Which migration strategy should the company adopt to ensure scalability and fault tolerance?

A.Store session data in Amazon ElastiCache for Redis.
B.Use Amazon S3 to store session data.
C.Use sticky sessions (session affinity) on the Application Load Balancer.
D.Migrate session data to Amazon DynamoDB.
AnswerA

ElastiCache provides a highly available, in-memory cache that containers can access independently.

Why this answer

C is correct because storing session data in Amazon ElastiCache decouples state from the container, enabling horizontal scaling and resilience. A is wrong because local memory prevents scaling. B is wrong because DynamoDB is a database, not a caching layer for session state.

D is wrong because it does not solve the issue of session persistence across containers.

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303
MCQhard

A migration engineer is setting up an AWS DMS task to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The engineer attaches this IAM policy to the DMS service role. The DMS task fails with an error indicating insufficient privileges. What is the most likely cause?

A.The policy does not allow the s3:ListBucket action for the S3 bucket
B.The policy does not allow the dms:TestConnection action
C.The policy does not allow the dms:CreateEndpoint action
D.The policy does not allow the rds:ModifyDBInstance action
AnswerC

Correct. DMS needs permissions to create and describe endpoints for the source and target.

Why this answer

DMS needs permission to describe endpoints and test connections, which are not in the policy. The policy allows creating and starting tasks but not the prerequisite actions like creating endpoints. S3 access is correct if using S3 as a source/target, but the core issue is missing endpoint permissions.

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304
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs on a scheduled basis and processes large files from an on-premises NFS share. The company wants to use AWS services to replace the on-premises server and minimize operational overhead. Which solution is MOST suitable?

A.Use AWS Lambda to directly read from the NFS share over VPN and process the files.
B.Mount the on-premises NFS share to Amazon EFS using AWS Direct Connect, and use AWS Batch with AWS Fargate to process the files.
C.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer files to Amazon S3 and then process with EC2 instances.
D.Use AWS DataSync to copy files to Amazon S3 and trigger an AWS Lambda function to process.
AnswerB

Serverless, scheduled processing with minimal overhead.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Batch with Fargate is serverless and integrates with EFS, which can be mounted to replace NFS. Option A is wrong because Snowball is not for ongoing processing. Option B is wrong because DataSync does not process data.

Option D is wrong because Lambda has execution time limits and file size limits.

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305
MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A solutions architect runs the CLI command to list EC2 instances. The output shows three instances. The architect wants to start the stopped instance and ensure it retains its instance store data. What should the architect do?

A.Modify the instance type to one that supports instance store, then start the instance.
B.Detach the instance store volume and attach it to a running instance.
C.Create an AMI from the stopped instance before starting it, then launch a new instance from the AMI.
D.Run `aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids i-0a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h9` to start the instance.
AnswerC

But instance store data is not captured in AMI. Better to copy data to EBS beforehand.

Why this answer

Option B is correct. Instance store volumes are ephemeral and data is lost when the instance is stopped. To retain data, the architect must move the data to an EBS volume or another persistent store.

Option A is wrong because starting the instance will not recover instance store data. Option C is wrong because instance store volumes cannot be detached. Option D is wrong because changing the instance type does not affect instance store persistence.

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306
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is planning a large-scale migration of hundreds of applications to AWS. Which TWO strategies should the architect consider to reduce migration risks?

Select 2 answers
A.Use only the rehosting strategy for all applications
B.Migrate all applications in a single wave to reduce coordination effort
C.Use a wave-based migration approach with defined groups and dependencies
D.Conduct a pilot migration of a small subset of applications
E.Roll back all migrations if any application experiences issues
AnswersC, D

Wave-based migration allows controlled, incremental migration.

Why this answer

A pilot migration allows testing the process on a small set of applications. A wave-based approach groups applications for migration and helps manage dependencies. Rolling back all migrations if issues occur is not practical.

Migrating all at once increases risk. Using only rehosting may not be optimal for all applications.

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307
MCQeasy

A company wants to automate the migration of on-premises servers to AWS. The migration plan includes discovery, assessment, and automated replication. Which AWS service should the company use?

A.AWS CloudEndure Migration
B.AWS Migration Hub
C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool
D.AWS Database Migration Service
AnswerB

Central tracking and orchestration of migrations.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because AWS Migration Hub provides a single place to track migrations and integrates with tools like Server Migration Service and DMS. Option A (CloudEndure) is now part of MGN. Option B (SCT) is for databases.

Option C (DMS) is for databases.

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308
MCQeasy

A small business is migrating its on-premises infrastructure to AWS. The current environment consists of two VMs running a LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) and a separate file server. The business has limited IT staff and wants to minimize operational overhead. They also want to ensure high availability for the web application. The company has a modest budget and is looking for a cost-effective solution. You need to design the migration. Which approach should be taken?

A.Migrate the VMs to two EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an ALB. Use RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ.
B.Use Amazon Lightsail to host the entire application on a single instance with a managed database.
C.Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy the web application. Use Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ for the database. Use S3 for file storage.
D.Containerize the application and run on Amazon ECS with Fargate. Use Amazon RDS for MySQL.
AnswerC

Minimizes operational overhead and provides high availability.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because using Elastic Beanstalk for the web tier and RDS for MySQL provides high availability with minimal management. Option A is wrong because two EC2 instances require more management. Option C is wrong because Lightsail is not highly available.

Option D is wrong because ECS Fargate is more complex and costly for a small business.

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309
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs a Java application that processes files from an S3 bucket. The company wants to minimize operational overhead. Which AWS service should the company use to run the Java application?

A.Amazon EC2
B.Amazon ECS with EC2 launch type
C.AWS Batch
D.AWS Lambda
AnswerD

Lambda is serverless and can process files triggered by S3 events.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS Lambda can run Java code triggered by S3 events, with no servers to manage. Option A is wrong because Amazon ECS requires cluster management. Option C is wrong because Amazon EC2 requires instance management.

Option D is wrong because AWS Batch is for batch jobs but still requires compute resources.

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310
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy .NET Framework 4.7 web application to AWS. The application currently runs on Windows Server 2012 R2 with IIS and uses SQL Server Express for local storage. The company wants to minimize re-architecture and reduce operational overhead. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Retire the application and replace it with a SaaS-based solution.
B.Refactor the application to use .NET Core and deploy on Linux containers with Amazon ECS.
C.Replatform the application to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk with a SQL Server Express Multi-AZ RDS instance.
D.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 Windows instances using an AWS Migration Acceleration Program (MAP) partner tool.
AnswerD

Rehosting lifts and shifts the application with minimal changes, reducing operational overhead.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because rehosting (lift-and-shift) the .NET Framework 4.7 application to Amazon EC2 Windows instances minimizes re-architecture and reduces operational overhead. The application is tightly coupled to Windows Server and IIS, and SQL Server Express is a local database; rehosting preserves the existing architecture without code changes. Using an AWS MAP partner tool streamlines the migration process, aligning with the goal of minimizing changes.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may choose replatforming (Option C) thinking it reduces overhead, but it actually requires modifying the database connection string and handling Multi-AZ failover, which adds re-architecture effort beyond a simple lift-and-shift.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because retiring the application and replacing it with a SaaS solution would require significant re-architecture and business process changes, contradicting the goal to minimize re-architecture. Option B is wrong because refactoring to .NET Core and deploying on Linux containers with Amazon ECS would require substantial code changes and re-architecture, which the company wants to avoid. Option C is wrong because replatforming to AWS Elastic Beanstalk with a SQL Server Express Multi-AZ RDS instance still requires modifying the application to use a remote database instead of local SQL Server Express, introducing re-architecture and increased operational complexity.

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311
MCQeasy

A company is migrating its on-premises VMware VMs to AWS. The company wants to use the same management tools and maintain consistency. Which AWS service should be used for this migration?

A.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS)
B.AWS Snowball Edge
C.VMware Cloud on AWS
D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
AnswerC

Provides consistent VMware environment on AWS.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because VMware Cloud on AWS allows running VMware workloads natively on AWS with consistent management. Option A is wrong because Server Migration Service (SMS) is for server migration but not VMware management. Option B is wrong because DMS is for databases.

Option D is wrong because Snowball is for offline data transfer.

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312
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single on-premises server and uses a MySQL database. The company wants to minimize changes to the application code during migration. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Refactor the application to use microservices and Amazon RDS.
B.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 and migrate the database to Amazon RDS.
C.Replatform the application to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon Aurora.
D.Repurchase the application by adopting a SaaS solution.
AnswerB

Rehosting minimizes code changes.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because rehosting (lift-and-shift) involves moving applications to AWS with minimal changes, which fits the requirement to minimize code changes. Option A is wrong because refactoring requires code changes. Option C is wrong because replatforming involves some optimizations.

Option D is wrong because repurchasing replaces the application with a SaaS product.

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313
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a legacy .NET Framework 4.7 application to AWS. The application currently uses Windows Authentication and stores session state in-process. The company wants to minimize code changes and use AWS managed services. Which TWO strategies should the company adopt?

Select 2 answers
A.Migrate the application to run on Amazon EC2 instances joined to AWS Managed Microsoft AD.
B.Rewrite the application to .NET Core and deploy on AWS Elastic Beanstalk with Amazon RDS for SQL Server.
C.Store session data in Amazon ElastiCache for Redis using the Redis Session State Provider.
D.Use Amazon Cognito with an Active Directory connector for authentication.
E.Use Amazon DynamoDB to persist session state.
AnswersA, C

AWS Managed Microsoft AD supports Windows Authentication with minimal code changes.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Managed Microsoft AD supports Windows Authentication and can integrate with EC2 or Elastic Beanstalk without code changes. Option D is correct because ElastiCache for Redis can be used as a distributed session store, replacing in-process session state with minimal code changes (using Redis Session State Provider). Option B is wrong because .NET Core is not compatible with .NET Framework 4.7 without significant rewrite.

Option C is wrong because Cognito is for external identity providers, not Windows Authentication. Option E is wrong because DynamoDB is not a drop-in replacement for in-process sessions; it requires custom code.

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314
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a multi-tier e-commerce application to AWS. The application consists of a web tier, an application tier, and a MySQL database tier. The company wants to improve scalability and availability while reducing administrative overhead. Which THREE actions should the solutions architect take? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Migrate the MySQL database to Amazon RDS Multi-AZ
B.Use Amazon ElastiCache to cache session data
C.Use Amazon EFS for shared storage between web instances
D.Configure an Application Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for the web tier
E.Use Spot Instances for all EC2 instances to reduce costs
AnswersA, B, D

Correct: Reduces overhead and provides high availability.

Why this answer

Using an ALB and Auto Scaling for web tier improves scalability and availability. Migrating to RDS Multi-AZ reduces overhead and provides high availability. ElastiCache for session caching improves performance, but is not the only option for scalability.

EFS is for shared file storage, not needed. Using Spot Instances for all tiers may cause interruptions.

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315
MCQhard

A company is migrating a large Hadoop cluster to Amazon EMR. The cluster uses HDFS for storage. The company wants to decouple compute and storage to reduce costs. Which approach should the company take?

A.Use Amazon S3 as the data store and EMRFS
B.Use Amazon FSx for Lustre
C.Use Amazon EFS for HDFS
D.Use EBS volumes for HDFS
AnswerA

Decouples storage, allows compute to be ephemeral.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because using Amazon S3 as the data lake with EMR allows separation. Option A (EBS) is still attached to compute. Option B (EFS) is not optimized for Hadoop.

Option D (FSx for Lustre) is for high-performance computing but not decoupling.

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316
Drag & Dropmedium

Drag and drop the steps to configure an S3 bucket as a static website hosting in the correct order.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order

Why this order

First create the bucket, enable hosting, upload content, set policy, then test.

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317
MCQhard

Refer to the exhibit. A company is using AWS CloudFormation to migrate a serverless application. The stack creation failed. Based on the stack events, what is the root cause of the failure?

A.The CloudFormation template has a syntax error.
B.The AWS Lambda runtime specified in the template is not supported in the us-east-1 region.
C.The IAM role for the Lambda function does not have sufficient permissions.
D.The Lambda function code exceeds the maximum size limit.
AnswerB

The runtime is not supported.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the error message explicitly states 'The runtime parameter of nodejs18.x is not supported'. Option A is wrong because the error is specifically about the runtime. Option B is wrong because the error is not about permissions.

Option D is wrong because it is a Lambda runtime issue, not a CloudFormation template issue.

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318
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy CRM application to AWS. The application uses a proprietary database that is not supported by Amazon RDS. The company wants to minimize licensing costs. The current on-premises deployment uses a single server. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 and install the same proprietary database on an EC2 instance.
B.Rehost the application, but replace the database with a SaaS alternative.
C.Refactor the application to use a different database engine that is supported by Amazon RDS.
D.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate the database to Amazon RDS.
AnswerA

Rehosting with the same database minimizes licensing costs.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because moving the database to an EC2 instance with the same database software allows the company to bring its own license and minimize licensing costs. Option A is wrong because converting to a supported database may incur additional licensing. Option B is wrong because DMS does not support proprietary databases.

Option C is wrong because repurchasing may not fit the need.

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319
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a multi-tier web application to AWS and wants to use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) to automate provisioning. Which AWS services can the company use to define and manage infrastructure declaratively? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.AWS Elastic Beanstalk
B.AWS CloudFormation
C.AWS OpsWorks
D.AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK)
E.AWS CodeDeploy
AnswersB, D

CloudFormation allows declarative infrastructure as code.

Why this answer

Option A (AWS CloudFormation) and Option C (AWS CDK) are correct because both allow declarative infrastructure definition. Option B (AWS Elastic Beanstalk) is a PaaS service, not IaC. Option D (AWS OpsWorks) is configuration management.

Option E (AWS CodeDeploy) is for deployment automation.

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320
MCQhard

A company is planning to migrate a large-scale e-commerce platform from on-premises to AWS. The platform includes a web tier, application tier, and a MySQL database. The company needs to ensure high availability and scalability. Which combination of AWS services should the company use to modernize the application architecture while minimizing operational overhead?

A.Use Elastic Load Balancer, Amazon EC2 instances for the web tier, and Amazon ECS with Fargate for the application tier, and Amazon RDS for MySQL.
B.Use Application Load Balancer, Amazon ECS with Fargate for both web and application tiers, and Amazon Aurora MySQL.
C.Use Amazon CloudFront, Amazon EC2 instances for the application tier, and Amazon DynamoDB.
D.Use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups for both web and application tiers, and Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ.
AnswerB

Fargate eliminates server management, and Aurora provides managed MySQL with high availability.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Application Load Balancer distributes traffic, Amazon ECS with Fargate runs containers without managing servers, and Amazon Aurora is a managed MySQL-compatible database with high availability and scalability. Option A is incorrect because it lacks a load balancer and uses unmanaged EC2. Option B is incorrect because it uses unmanaged EC2 for the web tier.

Option D is incorrect because it uses unmanaged EC2 for the application tier.

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321
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a large number of files from on-premises to Amazon S3. The files are accessed frequently and require low latency. Which TWO AWS services can help accelerate the migration? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.AWS Storage Gateway
B.AWS CloudFormation
C.AWS DataSync
D.Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration
E.AWS Snowball Edge
AnswersC, E

DataSync automates and accelerates data transfer.

Why this answer

AWS DataSync can transfer data over the network with optimization. AWS Snowball Edge is for large-scale offline data transfer. Option B is wrong because S3 Transfer Acceleration speeds up uploads but is not a migration service.

Option D is wrong because AWS Storage Gateway is for hybrid storage. Option E is wrong because AWS CloudFormation is for infrastructure provisioning.

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322
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 10 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. The application uses stored procedures and advanced Oracle features. The company has already set up an AWS DMS replication instance and validated connectivity. However, during the full load, DMS reports errors for certain tables containing LOBs. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A.The DMS replication instance does not have enough memory. Increase the instance size.
B.The target Aurora PostgreSQL cluster does not have enough storage. Increase the allocated storage.
C.The LOB mode is set to 'Limited LOB mode' and some LOBs exceed the maximum allowed size. Set LOB mode to 'Full LOB mode'.
D.The source database is not configured for change data capture (CDC). Enable supplemental logging.
AnswerC

Limited LOB mode has a size limit; Full LOB mode handles large LOBs but may impact performance.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because DMS has limitations with LOBs in certain modes. Option A is wrong because TCP keepalive is unrelated. Option B is wrong because CDC is for ongoing changes.

Option C is wrong because storage is not an issue.

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323
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating an on-premises application to AWS and wants to implement a continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline. Which TWO AWS services should the company use to build the pipeline?

Select 2 answers
A.AWS Cloud9
B.AWS CodePipeline
C.AWS CodeCommit
D.AWS CodeArtifact
E.Amazon CodeGuru
AnswersB, C

CodePipeline automates the build, test, and deploy phases.

Why this answer

Options A and B are correct. AWS CodeCommit is a source control service, and AWS CodePipeline orchestrates the CI/CD workflow. Option C: CodeArtifact is for artifact storage.

Option D: CodeGuru is for code reviews. Option E: Cloud9 is an IDE.

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324
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a monolithic Java application to AWS. The current architecture uses a single Oracle database. The migration plan is to refactor the application into microservices and use separate Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL databases per service. The company also wants to implement a CI/CD pipeline using AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild. Which tool should the company use to automate the database schema changes for each microservice?

A.Flyway, integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to run database migrations as part of the application deployment.
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to continuously replicate schema changes from the source Oracle database.
C.AWS CloudFormation with custom resource Lambda functions to run SQL scripts.
D.AWS CLI scripts executed in CodeBuild to run SQL commands against the target databases.
AnswerA

Flyway is a well-known database migration tool that can be integrated into CodePipeline for versioned schema changes.

Why this answer

Flyway is a database migration tool that integrates directly into CI/CD pipelines, allowing schema changes to be version-controlled and applied automatically during application deployment. For a microservices architecture with separate PostgreSQL databases, Flyway can manage each service's schema independently, ensuring consistency and rollback capability. This aligns with the requirement to automate schema changes per microservice as part of the migration and modernization effort.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse data migration tools (like AWS DMS) with schema migration tools, or assume that any scripting approach (like AWS CLI) is sufficient, overlooking the need for version control, repeatability, and integration with application deployment pipelines that Flyway provides.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because AWS DMS is designed for continuous data replication and one-time migrations, not for managing version-controlled schema changes in a CI/CD pipeline; it does not integrate with application deployment workflows. Option C is wrong because AWS CloudFormation with custom Lambda functions is overly complex and not purpose-built for database schema migrations; it lacks built-in versioning, rollback, and migration sequencing that tools like Flyway provide. Option D is wrong because AWS CLI scripts executed in CodeBuild to run SQL commands are fragile, error-prone, and lack version control, dependency management, and repeatability; they do not handle migration history or rollbacks reliably.

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325
MCQeasy

A company wants to assess its on-premises environment for migration to AWS. The assessment should include server utilization, dependencies, and recommendations. Which AWS service provides this capability?

A.AWS Application Discovery Service
B.AWS CloudFormation
C.AWS Migration Hub
D.AWS Systems Manager
AnswerA

Application Discovery Service collects data about on-premises servers, including utilization and dependencies.

Why this answer

Option B (AWS Migration Hub) provides a central location to track migrations, but not the discovery. Option C (AWS Application Discovery Service) is correct as it discovers on-premises servers, dependencies, and provides utilization data. Option A (AWS Systems Manager) is for management, not discovery.

Option D (AWS CloudFormation) is for provisioning.

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326
MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to AWS. The database is 2 TB in size and has a low-latency connection to AWS via AWS Direct Connect. The company wants to minimize downtime during the migration. Which AWS service should the architect use for the initial data load?

A.AWS DataSync
B.AWS Snowball Edge
C.AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS)
D.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
AnswerD

AWS DMS supports continuous replication, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with Oracle as source and target (e.g., RDS for Oracle) supports ongoing replication to minimize downtime. AWS Snowball is for offline data transfer and would involve longer downtime. S3 Transfer Acceleration is for S3 uploads, not database migration.

Server Migration Service is for server migration, not databases.

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327
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a web application to AWS and wants to automatically scale the application based on CPU utilization. The application runs on a set of EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Which combination of AWS services should they use?

A.AWS Lambda with scheduled scaling
B.Amazon CloudFront with origin scaling
C.AWS Elastic Beanstalk with environment scaling
D.Auto Scaling group with a simple scaling policy based on CloudWatch CPU alarm
AnswerD

Auto Scaling group can scale based on CPU utilization.

Why this answer

Option A (Auto Scaling group with a scaling policy based on CPU) is correct because it directly scales EC2 instances. Option B (Lambda scheduled scaling) is not dynamic. Option C (Elastic Beanstalk) is a PaaS, but the question asks for services: Auto Scaling group is the service.

Option D (CloudFront) is a CDN.

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328
MCQeasy

A company is migrating its on-premises file server to AWS. The file server contains 50 TB of data stored on a Windows Server with NTFS permissions. The company needs to maintain the folder structure and permissions after migration. The migration must be completed within one week. The company has a 100 Mbps internet connection. Which approach should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Use AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway to cache data on-premises and sync to S3.
B.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer data to an S3 bucket, then use AWS DataSync to copy to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.
C.Use AWS DataSync to transfer data directly to Amazon EFS over the internet.
D.Use AWS CLI to copy data directly to an S3 bucket, then mount S3 as a file system.
AnswerB

Offline transfer bypasses bandwidth; FSx preserves Windows permissions.

Why this answer

Given the data size and limited bandwidth, network transfer would take over 46 days. Using AWS Snowball Edge allows offline transfer of data to AWS, and then using AWS DataSync to copy to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server preserves permissions and structure. Option A is wrong because network transfer is too slow.

Option B is wrong because Storage Gateway File Gateway requires network transfer for initial seeding. Option D is wrong because S3 does not support NTFS ACLs natively.

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329
MCQmedium

A company is planning to migrate a large-scale Hadoop cluster to Amazon EMR. The cluster currently processes batch jobs using a mix of MapReduce and Spark. The company wants to minimize changes to the existing code and operational processes. Which migration approach should the architect recommend?

A.Refactor all jobs to use only Apache Spark on Amazon EMR
B.Retire the cluster and use Amazon Athena for ad-hoc queries
C.Replatform the data processing to use Amazon Redshift Spectrum
D.Rehost the cluster on Amazon EMR using the same MapReduce and Spark configurations
AnswerD

This preserves existing code and processes, minimizing changes.

Why this answer

Rehosting the Hadoop cluster on Amazon EMR with the same configuration allows the existing MapReduce and Spark code to run with minimal changes. Refactoring to use only Spark would require code changes. Replatforming to Amazon Redshift would change the architecture.

Retiring and using Athena would require significant changes to data storage and queries.

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330
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and must ensure high availability across multiple Availability Zones. Which TWO AWS services can be used to distribute traffic across instances in multiple AZs?

Select 2 answers
A.Amazon CloudFront
B.AWS Global Accelerator
C.Application Load Balancer (ALB)
D.Amazon Route 53
E.Network Load Balancer (NLB)
AnswersC, E

ALB distributes traffic across targets in multiple AZs.

Why this answer

Options A and B are correct. ALB and NLB both distribute traffic across AZs. Option C (CloudFront) is a CDN, not regional load balancing.

Option D (Route 53) is DNS, not a load balancer. Option E (Global Accelerator) uses edge locations and then routes to a load balancer.

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331
MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure data integrity. Which AWS service should they use for the migration?

A.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
C.AWS DataSync
D.AWS Snowball Edge
AnswerB

DMS supports ongoing replication to minimize downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) supports homogeneous and heterogeneous migrations with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because SCT only helps with schema conversion, not the actual data migration. Option B is wrong because DataSync is for file storage.

Option D is wrong because Snowball is for large-scale data transfer, not database migration.

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332
Multi-Selecthard

A company is modernizing a monolithic application into microservices on AWS. The application currently uses a single SQL database. Which THREE AWS services can help decouple the data layer and enable event-driven communication between microservices?

Select 3 answers
A.Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)
B.Amazon RDS
C.Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
D.Amazon ElastiCache
E.Amazon EventBridge
AnswersA, C, E

Decouples via pub/sub.

Why this answer

Amazon SQS provides message queuing for async communication. Amazon SNS enables pub/sub messaging. Amazon EventBridge provides event bus for decoupled communication.

Amazon RDS is a relational database, not for decoupling. Amazon ElastiCache is caching.

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333
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS and needs to decouple the application components. The application currently uses a monolithic architecture with direct calls between components. Which AWS services can help decouple the components? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
B.Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)
C.AWS Step Functions
D.Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
E.Amazon EventBridge
AnswersA, B, E

SQS provides message queues for asynchronous communication.

Why this answer

Option A (SQS), Option C (SNS), and Option D (EventBridge) are correct because they all enable asynchronous messaging and event-driven decoupling. Option B (Kinesis Data Streams) is for real-time streaming. Option E (Step Functions) is for orchestrating workflows, not primarily decoupling.

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334
MCQhard

A company is migrating its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS DMS. The database has several large tables with hundreds of millions of rows. The migration must complete within a 2-hour downtime window. During the full load, DMS is running slowly on large tables. What should the company do to improve performance?

A.Disable foreign key constraints on the target during migration.
B.Use a smaller DMS instance to avoid network bottlenecks.
C.Set the LOB mode to 'Limited LOB mode' with a high max LOB size.
D.Partition the large tables on the source and target, and use multiple DMS tasks.
AnswerD

Parallelism speeds up loading.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because partitioning tables allows parallel loading. Option A is wrong because LOB settings don't affect full load speed. Option C is wrong because disabling foreign keys is not recommended.

Option D is wrong because Aurora is not slower.

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335
Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO AWS services can be used to migrate on-premises applications to AWS without modifying the application code?

Select 2 answers
A.AWS DataSync
B.AWS VM Import/Export
C.AWS Application Migration Service (MGN)
D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
E.AWS App2Container
AnswersB, C

Imports VMs as-is.

Why this answer

AWS VM Import/Export allows importing VM images as EC2 instances, preserving the OS and applications. AWS MGN automates lift-and-shift replication. AWS DMS requires some changes for database migration.

AWS DataSync is for data transfer. AWS App2Container requires containerization.

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336
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a large-scale batch processing system from on-premises to AWS. The system runs millions of short-lived jobs each day. The company wants to minimize operational overhead and cost. Which AWS compute service should the company use?

A.Amazon EC2 with Spot Fleet
B.Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate
C.AWS Lambda
D.AWS Batch
AnswerD

AWS Batch manages job scheduling, compute provisioning, and can leverage Spot Instances.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS Batch is designed for batch computing, automatically provisions resources based on job volume, and can use Spot Instances for cost savings. Option A is wrong because EC2 with Spot Fleet requires more manual management. Option C is wrong because Lambda has a 15-minute timeout and is not suitable for long-running batch jobs.

Option D is wrong because ECS with Fargate is for containers, but AWS Batch is more specialized for batch workloads.

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337
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs on a schedule and processes large files stored on a network file system. The company wants to use serverless services. Which TWO services should the company use? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Amazon EMR
B.Amazon EC2
C.Amazon S3
D.Amazon EFS
E.AWS Lambda
AnswersC, E

S3 can store large files and trigger Lambda functions.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct. Option B: AWS Lambda can process events. Option D: Amazon S3 can store files.

Option A is wrong because EC2 is not serverless. Option C is wrong because EFS is not serverless. Option E is wrong because EMR is not serverless.

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338
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a data warehouse from on-premises to Amazon Redshift. The source database is Teradata. The company needs to convert the schema and migrate historical data with minimal downtime. Which THREE services should the company use?

Select 3 answers
A.AWS Snowball Edge
B.AWS Data Pipeline
C.Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
E.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
AnswersA, D, E

Snowball Edge can be used to transfer large volumes of data offline.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. AWS SCT converts schema and code. AWS DMS migrates data with ongoing replication.

AWS Snowball Edge can be used for large initial data transfer. Option C: Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics is for streaming analytics. Option E: AWS Data Pipeline is for orchestrating data transfers but not specifically for schema conversion or replication.

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339
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a stateful web application to AWS. The application uses local storage for user sessions. Which AWS service can help make the application stateless and scalable?

A.Amazon EBS
B.Amazon ElastiCache
C.Amazon RDS
D.Amazon S3
AnswerB

ElastiCache provides fast in-memory session store.

Why this answer

Amazon ElastiCache provides an in-memory cache for session data, making the application stateless. Option A is wrong because S3 is slower for session data. Option B is wrong because EBS does not provide shared storage across instances.

Option D is wrong because RDS is for relational data, not session state.

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340
MCQeasy

A company wants to assess its on-premises environment for migration to AWS. The company needs to collect utilization data for servers and applications. Which AWS service should the company use?

A.AWS Migration Hub
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
C.AWS Application Discovery Service
D.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS)
AnswerC

Discovery Service collects data about on-premises servers and applications.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because AWS Application Discovery Service collects server and application utilization data. Option A is wrong because AWS Migration Hub tracks migrations but does not discover. Option B is wrong because AWS Server Migration Service is deprecated.

Option C is wrong because AWS DMS is for databases.

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341
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy Windows application to AWS. The application requires a shared file system accessible from multiple EC2 instances in the same VPC. Which AWS service should the company use to meet this requirement with minimal application changes?

A.Amazon EBS
B.Amazon S3
C.Amazon FSx for Windows File Server
D.AWS Storage Gateway
AnswerC

Provides a fully managed native Windows file system that is accessible from multiple EC2 instances.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Amazon EFS provides a scalable, shared file system for Linux instances; for Windows, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server is the appropriate managed share. Option B (Amazon S3) is object storage and not a file system. Option C (Amazon EBS) is block storage and can be attached to only one instance.

Option D (AWS Storage Gateway) is for hybrid storage, not native file sharing.

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342
MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS using the 7 Rs migration strategy. The application has a monolithic architecture and runs on a single large on-premises server. The business wants to reduce operational overhead but cannot afford any downtime. Which strategy should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Rehost the application using AWS Application Migration Service
B.Retire the application and replace it with a SaaS solution
C.Replatform the application to use AWS managed services
D.Refactor / Re-architect the application into microservices
AnswerA

Correct: Lift-and-shift minimizes changes and downtime.

Why this answer

Rehost (lift-and-shift) moves the application as-is to minimize risk and downtime. Replatforming would require changes that could introduce downtime. Refactor/Re-architect would be too invasive.

Retire is not applicable as the application is critical.

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343
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is modernizing a legacy CRM application to a microservices architecture on AWS. They want to use AWS Lambda for compute and Amazon API Gateway for the API layer. Which THREE design patterns should they consider? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Use Amazon ElastiCache for session state management
B.Decompose the monolith into separate Lambda functions for each business capability
C.Use API Gateway to expose each microservice as a REST API
D.Use EC2 Auto Scaling groups for each microservice
E.Use AWS Step Functions to orchestrate multiple Lambda functions
AnswersB, C, E

Each Lambda function becomes a microservice.

Why this answer

The three key patterns for serverless microservices are: use API Gateway as the entry point for REST APIs (A), decompose the monolith into separate Lambda functions per business capability (B), and use AWS Step Functions for orchestration (C). Option D (EC2 Auto Scaling) is not serverless. Option E (ElastiCache) is for caching but not a core pattern.

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344
MCQhard

A company is migrating a critical application from on-premises to AWS using a lift-and-shift approach. The application requires consistent low-latency access to an on-premises database. Which network solution should the company implement to meet the latency requirement during the migration?

A.Set up a site-to-site VPN over the internet.
B.Create a VPC peering connection between the on-premises network and AWS VPC.
C.Use AWS Client VPN to connect from the application servers.
D.Establish an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS.
AnswerD

Direct Connect provides consistent low-latency and high-bandwidth connectivity.

Why this answer

A is correct because AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated, consistent low-latency connectivity. B is wrong because VPN over internet introduces variability. C is wrong because Client VPN is for individual client connections.

D is wrong because VPC peering is for inter-VPC communication, not on-premises connectivity.

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345
MCQmedium

A company is refactoring a legacy .NET application to run on AWS Lambda. The application currently uses Windows authentication and Active Directory. Which approach should the company use to support authentication in the new architecture?

A.Use Amazon Cognito user pools for authentication.
B.Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory and connect Lambda to the directory via VPC.
C.Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles to authenticate users.
D.Use AWS Security Token Service (STS) to issue tokens for authentication.
AnswerB

This enables Kerberos/NTLM authentication within the VPC.

Why this answer

C is correct because AWS Managed Microsoft AD provides Active Directory integration for Lambda via VPC and AD Connector. A is wrong because Cognito is for external identities. B is wrong because IAM is for AWS service access, not Windows auth.

D is wrong because Security Token Service generates temporary credentials, not authentication.

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346
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises web application to AWS. The application consists of a stateless web tier and a stateful application tier that stores session data in memory. The company wants to achieve high availability and elasticity. The migration must minimize code changes. The solutions architect proposes using an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with sticky sessions and an Auto Scaling group for the web tier. For the application tier, they plan to use an ALB with sticky sessions and an Auto Scaling group. During testing, users report that they are unexpectedly logged out and lose session data. The application logs show that requests from the same user are being sent to different instances. Which change should the solutions architect make to resolve this issue?

A.Disable sticky sessions and use a Network Load Balancer instead.
B.Migrate session state to Amazon ElastiCache for Redis.
C.Verify that the ALB stickiness configuration is enabled and the cookie duration is appropriate.
D.Disable cross-zone load balancing on the ALB.
AnswerC

Ensures sticky sessions work correctly.

Why this answer

Sticky sessions rely on the ALB cookie. If the cookie is not set or is not being sent back, the load balancer cannot maintain session affinity. Checking the ALB stickiness configuration ensures that the duration and cookie settings are correct.

Option A is wrong because moving sessions to ElastiCache requires code changes, which the company wants to minimize. Option B is wrong because cross-zone load balancing distributes traffic evenly but does not affect stickiness. Option D is wrong because disabling stickiness would worsen the problem.

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347
MCQeasy

A company is planning to migrate a web application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single on-premises server with a few thousand users. The company wants to use a managed container service and minimize operational overhead. Which AWS service should the company use to run the application?

A.Amazon EKS
B.AWS Lambda
C.Amazon EC2
D.Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate
AnswerD

Fargate is serverless, reduces operational overhead.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Amazon ECS with Fargate is serverless and managed. Option A is wrong because EC2 requires manual management. Option C is wrong because EKS is Kubernetes-based and more complex.

Option D is wrong because Lambda is for short-running functions.

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348
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 10 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is business-critical and must have minimal downtime. The company has set up AWS DMS with ongoing replication from the source. During the migration, the company notices that DMS is failing with an error indicating insufficient memory. What should the company do to resolve this issue and complete the migration?

A.Increase the memory on the source Oracle database
B.Increase the instance class of the DMS replication instance
C.Change the DMS task to use change data capture (CDC) only and skip the full load
D.Split the migration into multiple smaller tasks
AnswerB

DMS replication instance memory is insufficient; upgrading the instance class resolves the issue.

Why this answer

AWS DMS replication instances have finite memory allocated to cache changes during ongoing replication (CDC). When the volume of cached changes exceeds the instance's memory, DMS fails with an insufficient memory error. Increasing the instance class of the DMS replication instance (Option B) provides more memory to handle the cache, resolving the error without disrupting the migration.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may think the error is on the source database (Option A) or that splitting tasks (Option D) solves memory issues, but DMS's memory error is specific to the replication instance's capacity, not the source or task granularity.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because the source Oracle database's memory is unrelated to DMS's internal caching; DMS runs on its own replication instance, not on the source. Option C is wrong because skipping the full load would leave the target database empty, defeating the purpose of migration; CDC alone cannot populate the initial schema and data. Option D is wrong because splitting into multiple tasks does not increase the memory available to any single task; each task still runs on the same replication instance and would encounter the same memory limit.

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349
MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A company has attached this IAM policy to an IAM role used by an application running on an EC2 instance in a VPC with CIDR 10.0.0.0/16. The application is unable to read objects from the S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause?

A.The EC2 instance does not have an IAM instance profile.
B.The policy does not allow the s3:ListBucket action.
C.The condition key aws:SourceIp uses the private IP of the instance, but S3 sees the public IP.
D.The S3 bucket policy denies access.
AnswerC

The condition fails because traffic to S3 originates from the public IP.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because the condition checks the source IP of the request, but EC2 instances use public IPs when accessing S3, so the private IP condition fails. Option A is wrong because the policy allows GetObject. Option B is wrong because S3 does not require a role for bucket access.

Option C is wrong because the bucket policy is not shown.

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