- A
Deploy AD in two Regions and use a VPN connection between the VPCs to replicate data.
Why wrong: Incorrect. VPN connections between VPCs do not require a transit gateway and do not integrate with a central inspection VPC.
- B
Deploy a single AD domain in one Region and use AD replication over a VPC peering connection to a second Region.
Why wrong: Incorrect. VPC peering does not support transitive routing through an inspection VPC, and cross-Region peering alone cannot enforce firewall inspection.
- C
Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to the transit gateway, and enable cross-Region transit gateway peering. Use route tables to direct AD traffic through the inspection VPC.
Correct. Cross-Region transit gateway peering allows routing between Regions, and route tables can direct traffic through the inspection VPC for firewall inspection.
- D
Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to a transit gateway in the primary Region, and use a transit gateway inter-Region peering attachment. Configure route tables to force traffic through the inspection VPC in the primary Region.
Why wrong: Incorrect. VPCs in different Regions cannot be attached to the same transit gateway; transit gateway attachments are regional. This architecture is not feasible.
Cross-Region Active Directory Traffic Inspection with Transit Gateway
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. A key principle to apply: transit Gateway. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A multinational corporation is migrating its on-premises Active Directory (AD) to AWS Managed Microsoft AD. The company has a hub-and-spoke VPC topology with a central transit gateway. The AD domain controllers must be deployed in two different AWS Regions for disaster recovery. The corporate security policy requires that all AD traffic between Regions must traverse the transit gateway and be inspected by a third-party firewall appliance deployed in the inspection VPC. Which architecture meets these requirements?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to the transit gateway, and enable cross-Region transit gateway peering. Use route tables to direct AD traffic through the inspection VPC.
Option C is correct because it uses cross-Region transit gateway peering, which allows VPCs in different Regions to communicate through their respective transit gateways. By attaching both VPCs to their local transit gateways and peering those gateways, you can configure route tables to force AD traffic through the inspection VPC in one Region, satisfying the firewall inspection requirement. Option D is incorrect because you cannot attach a VPC in a secondary Region to a transit gateway in the primary Region; transit gateway attachments are regional.
Key principle: Transit Gateway
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Deploy AD in two Regions and use a VPN connection between the VPCs to replicate data.
- ✗
Deploy a single AD domain in one Region and use AD replication over a VPC peering connection to a second Region.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. VPC peering does not support transitive routing through an inspection VPC, and cross-Region peering alone cannot enforce firewall inspection.
- ✓
Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to the transit gateway, and enable cross-Region transit gateway peering. Use route tables to direct AD traffic through the inspection VPC.
- ✗
Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to a transit gateway in the primary Region, and use a transit gateway inter-Region peering attachment. Configure route tables to force traffic through the inspection VPC in the primary Region.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. VPCs in different Regions cannot be attached to the same transit gateway; transit gateway attachments are regional. This architecture is not feasible.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap is that candidates may think you can attach VPCs from different Regions to a single transit gateway, but in reality, transit gateway attachments are regional. Cross-Region connectivity requires transit gateway peering.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
AWS Transit Gateway inter-Region peering attachments use the AWS global network to route traffic between Regions, and route tables can be configured to force traffic through a Network Virtual Appliance (NVA) in an inspection VPC by using static routes or a default route pointing to the NVA. AD replication traffic uses Kerberos and LDAP over TCP/UDP ports 389, 636, 88, and 464, and the firewall must inspect these protocols; the transit gateway route tables must have a more specific route for the remote AD VPC CIDR pointing to the inspection VPC attachment, ensuring all cross-Region AD traffic flows through the firewall.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Transit Gateway
- Transit Gateway Peering
- Route Tables
- Inspection VPC
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Transit Gateway
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review transit Gateway, then practise related SAP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Transit Gateway.
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to the transit gateway, and enable cross-Region transit gateway peering. Use route tables to direct AD traffic through the inspection VPC. — Option C is correct because it uses cross-Region transit gateway peering, which allows VPCs in different Regions to communicate through their respective transit gateways. By attaching both VPCs to their local transit gateways and peering those gateways, you can configure route tables to force AD traffic through the inspection VPC in one Region, satisfying the firewall inspection requirement. Option D is incorrect because you cannot attach a VPC in a secondary Region to a transit gateway in the primary Region; transit gateway attachments are regional.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Review transit Gateway, then practise related SAP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Transit Gateway
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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