- A
Create an S3 bucket in the central account with KMS encryption. Configure each account to send logs to that bucket using cross-account permissions.
Why wrong: Requires manual configuration for each log type and account.
- B
Create separate S3 buckets for each log type in the central account and configure KMS encryption. Use AWS Glue to crawl and catalog the logs.
Why wrong: Does not centralize log delivery; requires multiple buckets.
- C
Use the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution, which sets up the necessary infrastructure to collect and store logs from multiple accounts in a central S3 bucket with KMS encryption.
Automated solution reduces operational overhead.
- D
Use Amazon S3 with default encryption and enable S3 Cross-Region Replication to a central bucket.
Why wrong: Does not use customer-managed KMS key.
Quick Answer
The correct answer is to use the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution because it is a purpose-built, AWS-managed deployment that automates the entire cross-account log pipeline for VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail, and DNS logs, centralizing them into a single S3 bucket encrypted with a customer-managed KMS key. This solution eliminates the operational overhead of manually configuring cross-account IAM roles, S3 bucket policies, and KMS key grants, as it handles all of these integrations out of the box. On the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 exam, this scenario tests your ability to recognize when an AWS managed solution reduces operational complexity versus building a custom architecture with Lambda or Kinesis—a common trap is over-engineering with individual services when a turnkey solution exists. Remember the memory tip: for centralized logging across an AWS Organization, think “OpenSearch does the heavy lifting,” meaning it automatically provisions the necessary infrastructure so you don’t have to.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company wants to implement a centralized logging solution for all VPCs in their AWS Organization. They need to capture VPC Flow Logs, AWS CloudTrail logs, and DNS logs, and store them in a central Amazon S3 bucket. The logs must be encrypted with a customer-managed KMS key. Which solution meets these requirements with the least operational overhead?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"least"Why it matters: You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Use the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution, which sets up the necessary infrastructure to collect and store logs from multiple accounts in a central S3 bucket with KMS encryption.
Option C is correct because the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution is a purpose-built, AWS-managed solution that automates the deployment of the necessary infrastructure to collect, centralize, and store VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail logs, and DNS logs from multiple accounts into a central S3 bucket with customer-managed KMS encryption. This approach minimizes operational overhead by handling cross-account log collection, S3 bucket configuration, and KMS key integration out of the box, eliminating the need for manual setup and maintenance.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Create an S3 bucket in the central account with KMS encryption. Configure each account to send logs to that bucket using cross-account permissions.
Why it's wrong here
Requires manual configuration for each log type and account.
- ✗
Create separate S3 buckets for each log type in the central account and configure KMS encryption. Use AWS Glue to crawl and catalog the logs.
Why it's wrong here
Does not centralize log delivery; requires multiple buckets.
- ✓
Use the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution, which sets up the necessary infrastructure to collect and store logs from multiple accounts in a central S3 bucket with KMS encryption.
Why this is correct
Automated solution reduces operational overhead.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use Amazon S3 with default encryption and enable S3 Cross-Region Replication to a central bucket.
Why it's wrong here
Does not use customer-managed KMS key.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often overestimate the simplicity of manual cross-account log delivery (Option A) or confuse AWS Glue's cataloging capabilities with log collection, while underestimating the operational overhead of building and maintaining such a solution from scratch versus using a purpose-built, managed solution like AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
The AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution uses AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy a logging pipeline across multiple accounts, including Kinesis Data Firehose for log ingestion, Lambda for log transformation, and S3 for storage with KMS encryption. Under the hood, it configures VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail, and Route 53 Resolver DNS logs to send to a central account via cross-account IAM roles and KMS key policies, ensuring logs are encrypted at rest with a customer-managed key. A real-world scenario where this matters is in large enterprises with hundreds of accounts, where manual configuration would be error-prone and time-consuming, making the automated solution essential for compliance and security.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Use the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution, which sets up the necessary infrastructure to collect and store logs from multiple accounts in a central S3 bucket with KMS encryption. — Option C is correct because the AWS Centralized Logging with OpenSearch Service solution is a purpose-built, AWS-managed solution that automates the deployment of the necessary infrastructure to collect, centralize, and store VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail logs, and DNS logs from multiple accounts into a central S3 bucket with customer-managed KMS encryption. This approach minimizes operational overhead by handling cross-account log collection, S3 bucket configuration, and KMS key integration out of the box, eliminating the need for manual setup and maintenance.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "least". You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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