- A
Create a VPC peering connection between the VPCs to allow traffic flow
Why wrong: VPC peering would bypass Transit Gateway and the firewall inspection.
- B
Deploy a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the firewall VPC and register the firewall instances as targets
GWLB integrates with Transit Gateway and transparently routes traffic to the firewall instances.
- C
Configure Transit Gateway route tables to route traffic between VPCs through the firewall VPC
Route tables control traffic flow; they must point to the firewall VPC attachment for inter-VPC traffic.
- D
Configure a NAT Gateway in each VPC to route traffic through the firewall
Why wrong: NAT Gateway is for outbound internet traffic, not for east-west inspection.
- E
Attach a VPC containing the firewall appliance to the Transit Gateway
The firewall VPC must be attached to the Transit Gateway to receive traffic.
Quick Answer
The correct answer involves attaching a VPC containing the firewall appliance to the Transit Gateway, configuring Transit Gateway route tables to direct traffic to that VPC, and deploying a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) for transparent traffic inspection. This works because Transit Gateway acts as a central hub, and by placing the firewall VPC as a middlebox attachment, you can route all east-west traffic through it for inspection rather than relying on direct VPC peering, which bypasses the Transit Gateway entirely. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of centralized traffic inspection patterns, often appearing as a multi-step configuration question where distractors include NAT Gateway or simple peering. A common trap is assuming a firewall in a spoke VPC can inspect traffic without explicit route table manipulation. Memory tip: think "T-Gate, Route, GWLB" — the three pillars for transparent inspection.
ANS-C01 Network Design Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network design. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has an AWS Transit Gateway with multiple VPC attachments. They need to inspect traffic between VPCs using a third-party firewall appliance. Which THREE steps are necessary?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Deploy a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the firewall VPC and register the firewall instances as targets
To inspect traffic, the firewall must be placed in the path. Transit Gateway supports routing to a network appliance in a VPC. The firewall VPC must be attached to the Transit Gateway. Route tables in the Transit Gateway must be configured to direct traffic to the firewall VPC. A Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) is the modern way to deploy firewall appliances transparently. A simple VPC peering bypasses Transit Gateway. NAT Gateway is for outbound internet traffic, not for east-west inspection.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Create a VPC peering connection between the VPCs to allow traffic flow
- ✓
Deploy a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the firewall VPC and register the firewall instances as targets
- ✓
Configure Transit Gateway route tables to route traffic between VPCs through the firewall VPC
- ✗
Configure a NAT Gateway in each VPC to route traffic through the firewall
- ✓
Attach a VPC containing the firewall appliance to the Transit Gateway
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this ANS-C01 question test?
Network Design — This question tests Network Design — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the firewall VPC and register the firewall instances as targets — To inspect traffic, the firewall must be placed in the path. Transit Gateway supports routing to a network appliance in a VPC. The firewall VPC must be attached to the Transit Gateway. Route tables in the Transit Gateway must be configured to direct traffic to the firewall VPC. A Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) is the modern way to deploy firewall appliances transparently. A simple VPC peering bypasses Transit Gateway. NAT Gateway is for outbound internet traffic, not for east-west inspection.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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