Quick Answer
The answer is Gateway Load Balancer, Transit Gateway, and route tables. These three components work together to enable centralized firewall inspection with Transit Gateway by creating a hub-and-spoke architecture where all inter-subnet traffic is routed through a dedicated firewall VPC. The Transit Gateway acts as the central router, the Gateway Load Balancer distributes traffic across firewall instances for high availability and scalability, and route tables in both the source VPCs and the firewall VPC control the path so traffic is forced to the inspection appliance. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of transitive routing versus VPC peering—a common trap is choosing VPC peering, which lacks transitive capabilities, or a NAT Gateway, which only handles outbound internet traffic. Remember the mnemonic “TGR” for Transit Gateway, Gateway Load Balancer, and Route Tables to recall the triad required for centralized firewall inspection.
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network management and operations. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. They want to implement network segmentation such that traffic between subnets is controlled by a centralized firewall. Which three components are required? (Choose THREE.)
AWS Transit Gateway
Provides transitive routing between VPCs.
Route tables in each subnet that route traffic to the Transit Gateway
Direct traffic to the inspection VPC.
Gateway Load Balancer
Distributes traffic to firewall appliances.
VPC peering connections
Why wrong: VPC peering does not support transitive routing.
NAT Gateway
Why wrong: Used for outbound internet access, not for centralized inspection.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
AWS Transit Gateway
Centralized firewall inspection requires a Transit Gateway to route traffic to the firewall VPC, a Gateway Load Balancer to distribute traffic to firewall instances, and appropriate route tables to direct traffic accordingly. VPC peering does not support transitive routing. NAT Gateway is for outbound internet access.
Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
AWS Transit Gateway
Why this is correct
Provides transitive routing between VPCs.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Route tables in each subnet that route traffic to the Transit Gateway
Why this is correct
Direct traffic to the inspection VPC.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Gateway Load Balancer
VPC peering connections
Why it's wrong here
VPC peering does not support transitive routing.
NAT Gateway
Why it's wrong here
Used for outbound internet access, not for centralized inspection.
Common exam traps
Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.
Detailed technical explanation
Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.
Key takeaway
Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Real-world example
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related ANS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
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FAQ
Network Management and Operations — This question tests Network Management and Operations — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..
The correct answer is: AWS Transit Gateway — Centralized firewall inspection requires a Transit Gateway to route traffic to the firewall VPC, a Gateway Load Balancer to distribute traffic to firewall instances, and appropriate route tables to direct traffic accordingly. VPC peering does not support transitive routing. NAT Gateway is for outbound internet access.
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related ANS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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