This MLS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data engineering. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is building a real-time anomaly detection system for network traffic logs. The logs are ingested via Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and processed with an Amazon SageMaker endpoint for inference. The team needs to ensure that the inference results are stored durably and can be replayed for model retraining. The system must handle at least 10,000 records per second with low latency. Which three AWS services should the team use to build this architecture? (Select THREE.)
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "least"
Why it matters: You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is the correct ingestion layer because it provides durable, real-time data streaming with the ability to handle over 10,000 records per second. It acts as the source of truth for network traffic logs, enabling low-latency processing and replay for model retraining.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
AWS Glue ETL
Why it's wrong here
Glue ETL is designed for batch processing, not real-time streaming.
✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
Why this is correct
Kinesis Data Streams provides the ingestion layer with low latency and high throughput.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink
Why this is correct
Kinesis Data Analytics can process streaming data in real time with Flink and invoke SageMaker endpoints.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
Why it's wrong here
Firehose delivers data in batches, introducing latency and not suitable for real-time inference.
✓
Amazon SageMaker
Why this is correct
SageMaker hosts the anomaly detection model for real-time inference.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse Kinesis Data Firehose with Kinesis Data Streams, assuming Firehose's simplicity and S3 integration make it suitable for real-time inference, but Firehose lacks the record-level replay and low-latency processing required for this use case.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Kinesis Data Streams uses shards to scale throughput, with each shard supporting 1 MB/s or 1,000 records/s for writes; to achieve 10,000 records/s, you need at least 10 shards. The stream retains records for up to 365 days by default, enabling replay for model retraining without additional infrastructure. Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink processes the stream with stateful, exactly-once semantics, while SageMaker endpoints provide real-time inference via HTTPS with sub-100ms latency when properly provisioned.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Data Engineering — This question tests Data Engineering — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams — Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is the correct ingestion layer because it provides durable, real-time data streaming with the ability to handle over 10,000 records per second. It acts as the source of truth for network traffic logs, enabling low-latency processing and replay for model retraining.
What should I do if I get this MLS-C01 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "least". You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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