- A
Disable public access to the S3 bucket using block public access settings.
Why wrong: Disabling public access is a good security practice but does not directly ensure log integrity or forensic readiness.
- B
Enable MFA delete on the S3 bucket.
Why wrong: MFA delete protects against unintended bucket deletion but does not guarantee log tamper evidence.
- C
Enable CloudTrail log file validation.
CloudTrail log file validation uses SHA-256 hashing to verify log integrity and detect tampering.
- D
Use AWS Backup to create backups of the CloudTrail S3 bucket.
Why wrong: AWS Backup is not integrated with CloudTrail for backing up log files.
- E
Enable server-side encryption with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) on the S3 bucket storing CloudTrail logs.
SSE-KMS encrypts log files at rest, providing confidentiality and access control.
Ensure CloudTrail Log Integrity with Validation and SSE-KMS
This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security and compliance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. A key principle to apply: cloudTrail log file validation. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is using AWS CloudTrail to log API calls across all accounts in AWS Organizations. The security team wants to ensure that CloudTrail logs are not tampered with and are available for forensic analysis. Which combination of actions should be taken? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Enable CloudTrail log file validation.
The correct answers are C (CloudTrail log file validation) and E (server-side encryption with AWS KMS). CloudTrail log file validation provides integrity verification by using a hash of the log file, ensuring logs have not been tampered with. Enabling SSE-KMS protects the log files at rest, adding a layer of security for forensic analysis. Option A (disable public access) is a good security practice but does not directly address tamper resistance or forensic readiness. Option B (MFA delete) adds protection against accidental deletion but is not specifically for log integrity. Option D (AWS Backup) is not supported by CloudTrail for backing up log files.
Key principle: CloudTrail log file validation
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Disable public access to the S3 bucket using block public access settings.
Why it's wrong here
Disabling public access is a good security practice but does not directly ensure log integrity or forensic readiness.
- ✗
Enable MFA delete on the S3 bucket.
Why it's wrong here
MFA delete protects against unintended bucket deletion but does not guarantee log tamper evidence.
- ✓
Enable CloudTrail log file validation.
Why this is correct
CloudTrail log file validation uses SHA-256 hashing to verify log integrity and detect tampering.
Related concept
CloudTrail log file validation
- ✗
Use AWS Backup to create backups of the CloudTrail S3 bucket.
Why it's wrong here
AWS Backup is not integrated with CloudTrail for backing up log files.
- ✓
Enable server-side encryption with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) on the S3 bucket storing CloudTrail logs.
Why this is correct
SSE-KMS encrypts log files at rest, providing confidentiality and access control.
Related concept
CloudTrail log file validation
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Candidates may think that disabling public access (option A) or enabling MFA delete (option B) are required for tamper-proof logs, but those are not directly related to CloudTrail log integrity. The key actions are enabling log file validation and encrypting the logs.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Treat this as a scenario question. Identify the problem, the constraint, and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- CloudTrail log file validation
- SSE-KMS
- Forensic readiness
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
CloudTrail log file validation
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review cloudTrail log file validation, then practise related DOP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
- →
Security and Compliance — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DOP-C02 question test?
Security and Compliance — This question tests Security and Compliance — CloudTrail log file validation.
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Enable CloudTrail log file validation. — The correct answers are C (CloudTrail log file validation) and E (server-side encryption with AWS KMS). CloudTrail log file validation provides integrity verification by using a hash of the log file, ensuring logs have not been tampered with. Enabling SSE-KMS protects the log files at rest, adding a layer of security for forensic analysis. Option A (disable public access) is a good security practice but does not directly address tamper resistance or forensic readiness. Option B (MFA delete) adds protection against accidental deletion but is not specifically for log integrity. Option D (AWS Backup) is not supported by CloudTrail for backing up log files.
What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?
Review cloudTrail log file validation, then practise related DOP-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.
What is the key concept behind this question?
CloudTrail log file validation
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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