- A
Use AWS Config to detect changes to IAM roles and trigger a Lambda function that reverts the change.
Why wrong: This is reactive, not preventive.
- B
Apply a service control policy that denies iam:CreateRole and iam:UpdateAssumeRolePolicy across the organization.
Why wrong: This would prevent all IAM role creation, which is too restrictive.
- C
Add a condition to the IAM policy that requires MFA for any CloudFormation action.
Why wrong: MFA does not enforce review; it only adds authentication.
- D
Create a CodePipeline that deploys CloudFormation stacks and include a manual approval step for changes that modify IAM resources.
Manual approval step enforces review before deployment.
Question 211 of 1,750
Approval Gating for IAM Role Changes in CloudFormation
This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security and compliance. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure. The security team wants to ensure that any changes to IAM roles must be reviewed and approved by a security engineer before deployment. The DevOps engineer needs to implement a gating mechanism. Which approach should the engineer use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create a CodePipeline that deploys CloudFormation stacks and include a manual approval step for changes that modify IAM resources.
Option D is correct because AWS CodePipeline can include a manual approval step before deploying CloudFormation stacks, allowing the security engineer to review and approve any changes to IAM roles. Option A is incorrect because AWS Config only detects changes after they occur; it cannot prevent deployment. Option B is incorrect because a service control policy would deny all IAM role creation across the organization, which is too restrictive and not a gating mechanism. Option C is incorrect because requiring MFA for CloudFormation actions does not specifically gate changes to IAM resources.
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use AWS Config to detect changes to IAM roles and trigger a Lambda function that reverts the change.
Why it's wrong here
This is reactive, not preventive.
- ✗
Apply a service control policy that denies iam:CreateRole and iam:UpdateAssumeRolePolicy across the organization.
Why it's wrong here
This would prevent all IAM role creation, which is too restrictive.
- ✗
Add a condition to the IAM policy that requires MFA for any CloudFormation action.
Why it's wrong here
MFA does not enforce review; it only adds authentication.
- ✓
Create a CodePipeline that deploys CloudFormation stacks and include a manual approval step for changes that modify IAM resources.
Why this is correct
Manual approval step enforces review before deployment.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related DOP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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Security and Compliance — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DOP-C02 question test?
Security and Compliance — This question tests Security and Compliance — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create a CodePipeline that deploys CloudFormation stacks and include a manual approval step for changes that modify IAM resources. — Option D is correct because AWS CodePipeline can include a manual approval step before deploying CloudFormation stacks, allowing the security engineer to review and approve any changes to IAM roles. Option A is incorrect because AWS Config only detects changes after they occur; it cannot prevent deployment. Option B is incorrect because a service control policy would deny all IAM role creation across the organization, which is too restrictive and not a gating mechanism. Option C is incorrect because requiring MFA for CloudFormation actions does not specifically gate changes to IAM resources.
What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related DOP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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