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Development with AWS Services →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

CloudFormation Stack Fails: Lambda Runtime nodejs18.x Not Supported

This DVA-C02 practice question tests your understanding of development with aws services. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. A key principle to apply: cloudFormation Lambda Handler. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Code:
        ZipFile: !Sub |
          exports.handler = async (event) => {
            console.log('Processing event:', JSON.stringify(event));
            return { statusCode: 200, body: 'Hello from Lambda' };
          };
      Handler: index.handler
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Runtime: nodejs18.x
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

Refer to the exhibit. A developer creates a CloudFormation stack with the above template. The stack creation fails with the error 'The runtime parameter of nodejs18.x is not supported.' What is the most likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Resources:
  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Code:
        ZipFile: !Sub |
          exports.handler = async (event) => {
            console.log('Processing event:', JSON.stringify(event));
            return { statusCode: 200, body: 'Hello from Lambda' };
          };
      Handler: index.handler
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Runtime: nodejs18.x
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The Handler property is incorrect; it should be 'index.handler' but with the correct filename.

The error message indicates that the runtime parameter is not supported. However, given that nodejs18.x is actually a supported runtime, the issue is likely that the handler property is not correctly defined. In CloudFormation, the Handler property must match the filename and exported function. For a Node.js function with code in a file named index.js, the handler should be 'index.handler'. If the filename is different or the handler is misspelled, CloudFormation might still attempt to create the function but fail with a runtime error because it cannot find the handler. The other options are incorrect: A is false because ZipFile can contain inline Node.js code; B is unrelated to runtime errors; D is incorrect because nodejs18.x is a valid runtime.

Key principle: CloudFormation Lambda Handler

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The ZipFile property cannot contain inline code for Node.js functions.

    Why it's wrong here

    The ZipFile property can contain inline code for Node.js functions; this is not the cause.

  • ✗

    The IAM role is missing necessary permissions for CloudWatch Logs.

    Why it's wrong here

    The IAM role missing CloudWatch Logs permissions would cause a different error (e.g., permission denied), not a runtime error.

  • ✓

    The Handler property is incorrect; it should be 'index.handler' but with the correct filename.

    Why this is correct

    The Handler property is likely incorrect; if the handler string does not match the filename and exported function, CloudFormation may fail with a runtime error.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    CloudFormation Lambda Handler

  • ✗

    The runtime 'nodejs18.x' is not a valid Lambda runtime; use a supported runtime like 'nodejs16.x'.

    Why it's wrong here

    Node.js 18.x is a supported runtime on AWS Lambda; therefore, this is not the cause.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap is that candidates may assume the runtime string is invalid based on the error message, but in this case nodejs18.x is supported. The actual issue is a misconfigured Handler property, which can cause a runtime error.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

AWS Lambda runtimes are identified by specific strings like 'nodejs16.x', 'nodejs18.x', or 'python3.9'. The CloudFormation template's 'Runtime' property must match an exact, currently supported runtime identifier; using an unsupported or misspelled runtime (e.g., 'nodejs18.x' if it's not yet available or deprecated) causes a validation error during stack creation. This is enforced by the AWS Lambda service during resource creation, not during template parsing.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • CloudFormation Lambda Handler

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

CloudFormation Lambda Handler

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

Quick reference

Cloud Service Model Comparison

ModelYou ManageProvider ManagesExamples
IaaSOS, runtime, apps, dataHardware, hypervisor, networkingEC2, Azure VMs, GCP Compute Engine
PaaSApps and dataOS, runtime, middleware, hardwareElastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service
SaaSData and settings onlyEverything elseMicrosoft 365, Salesforce, Workday
FaaS / ServerlessFunction code onlyInfra, scaling, runtimeLambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Run
CaaSContainers and appsKubernetes, OS, hardwareEKS, AKS, GKE

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review cloudFormation Lambda Handler, then practise related DVA-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this DVA-C02 question test?

Development with AWS Services — This question tests Development with AWS Services — CloudFormation Lambda Handler.

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The Handler property is incorrect; it should be 'index.handler' but with the correct filename. — The error message indicates that the runtime parameter is not supported. However, given that nodejs18.x is actually a supported runtime, the issue is likely that the handler property is not correctly defined. In CloudFormation, the Handler property must match the filename and exported function. For a Node.js function with code in a file named index.js, the handler should be 'index.handler'. If the filename is different or the handler is misspelled, CloudFormation might still attempt to create the function but fail with a runtime error because it cannot find the handler. The other options are incorrect: A is false because ZipFile can contain inline Node.js code; B is unrelated to runtime errors; D is incorrect because nodejs18.x is a valid runtime.

What should I do if I get this DVA-C02 question wrong?

Review cloudFormation Lambda Handler, then practise related DVA-C02 questions on the same topic to reinforce the concept.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

CloudFormation Lambda Handler

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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026

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This DVA-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the DVA-C02 exam.