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CCNA Deployment Migration Questions

75 of 353 questions · Page 3/5 · Deployment Migration topic · Answers revealed

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151
MCQmedium

A company has a self-managed Redis cluster that needs to be migrated to Amazon ElastiCache for Redis. The cluster is 100 GB in size and has a high write throughput. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which steps should be taken?

A.Use AWS DMS to migrate the data with ongoing replication
B.Take a snapshot of the source and restore to ElastiCache
C.Use the SAVE command to create a dump, upload to S3, and import to ElastiCache
D.Set up replication from the source to ElastiCache using Redis replication
AnswerD

Replication allows minimal downtime by continuously syncing changes.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because setting up replication from the on-premises Redis to ElastiCache using the replication features can achieve minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS does not support Redis as a source. Option B is wrong because taking a snapshot and restoring requires downtime during the restore process.

Option C is wrong because the SAVE command is synchronous and can cause performance issues; BGSAVE is preferred.

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152
MCQeasy

A company wants to migrate its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The company needs to convert the database schema and code from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Which AWS service should they use for schema conversion?

A.AWS DMS
B.AWS Glue
C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
D.AWS Database Migration Service
AnswerC

SCT converts Oracle schemas to PostgreSQL.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS SCT (Schema Conversion Tool) is specifically designed to convert database schemas and code from one engine to another, including Oracle to PostgreSQL. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS focuses on data migration, not schema conversion. Option C is wrong because AWS Database Migration Service is for data migration, not conversion.

Option D is wrong because AWS Glue is for ETL, not schema conversion.

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153
MCQeasy

A company needs to migrate a 100 GB MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility). The migration must have minimal impact on the source database performance. Which approach should the company take?

A.Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with ongoing replication from the MongoDB source.
B.Use AWS DataSync to transfer the MongoDB data files.
C.Set up a MongoDB replica set on Amazon EC2 and promote it to primary, then migrate to DocumentDB.
D.Use mongodump to export the data and mongorestore to import into DocumentDB.
AnswerA

AWS DMS supports MongoDB as a source and can perform continuous replication with minimal impact.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication is the correct approach because it supports continuous change data capture (CDC) from MongoDB, enabling a live migration with minimal performance impact on the source. DMS reads the MongoDB oplog to capture changes without locking the database, which is critical for a 100 GB production database. This allows the target DocumentDB to stay synchronized until cutover, reducing downtime and avoiding the need for a full export/import that would strain the source.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often choose mongodump/mongorestore (Option D) as the simplest tool, overlooking that it causes significant source performance impact and downtime for large databases, while AWS DMS's CDC capability is specifically designed for minimal-impact migrations.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because AWS DataSync is designed for file-based transfers (e.g., NFS, SMB) and cannot directly read MongoDB's internal data files or handle the BSON format; it would require stopping the database to ensure consistency, causing significant impact. Option C is wrong because setting up a MongoDB replica set on EC2 and promoting it to primary involves complex manual steps, potential downtime, and does not directly migrate to DocumentDB; it also requires managing EC2 instances and does not leverage AWS-managed services for minimal impact. Option D is wrong because mongodump and mongorestore perform a full logical dump, which locks the source database during the dump (or requires a secondary read), causing performance degradation on a 100 GB database; it also lacks ongoing replication, leading to longer downtime.

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154
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They want to use the AWS DMS for the migration. Which THREE resources need to be created in the AWS account?

Select 3 answers
A.Application Load Balancer for the replication instance.
B.AWS CloudFormation stack to provision resources.
C.DMS target endpoint pointing to Aurora PostgreSQL.
D.DMS replication instance.
E.DMS source endpoint pointing to the PostgreSQL database.
AnswersC, D, E

The target endpoint defines the connection to the target database.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. DMS requires a replication instance, source endpoint, and target endpoint. Option C is wrong because a CloudFormation stack is not required.

Option E is wrong because a load balancer is not needed for DMS.

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155
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. To minimize downtime, they plan to use the AWS DMS with change data capture (CDC). During the full load phase, DMS reports an error: 'Failed to add foreign key constraint'. What is the most likely cause?

A.CDC is incompatible with foreign key constraints
B.Referential integrity violations in the source data
C.The target table lacks a primary key
D.Data type mismatch between source and target
AnswerB

DMS applies constraints after loading data, and if data violates them, the task fails.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because DMS disables foreign key constraints during full load to speed up data transfer, then re-enables them. If the data violates constraints, it fails. Option A is wrong because DMS handles data type conversions automatically.

Option C is wrong because CDC is not the issue. Option D is wrong because DMS doesn't require a primary key in the target during full load.

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156
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication after the initial load. Which AWS service should be used?

A.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with full load only
C.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication
D.AWS Glue
AnswerC

DMS supports full load plus CDC for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication (change data capture, CDC) is required because the scenario demands minimal downtime and continuous synchronization after the initial 500 GB load. DMS uses transaction logs (e.g., PostgreSQL WAL) to capture and apply ongoing changes, enabling a near-zero-duration cutover. Full load only (Option B) would cause downtime during the final sync and cannot support ongoing replication.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse 'full load only' with 'full load + CDC' and overlook the requirement for ongoing replication, or they mistakenly think AWS SCT handles data migration when it only handles schema conversion.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) is used for converting database schema and code (e.g., from Oracle to PostgreSQL), not for migrating data with ongoing replication. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS with full load only performs a one-time snapshot and does not capture ongoing changes, resulting in downtime during the final sync and no support for ongoing replication. Option D is wrong because AWS Glue is a serverless ETL service designed for batch data processing and transformation, not for continuous database replication or minimal-downtime migrations.

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157
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 3 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They have limited network bandwidth (100 Mbps) and need to complete the migration within 3 days. Which two approaches could meet the requirements? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Export the database to a flat file, compress it, and upload to S3 via the internet, then import into RDS.
B.Use AWS DataSync to transfer the database files directly to Amazon S3.
C.Use AWS Snowball to physically transfer a full database backup to AWS, then restore into RDS.
D.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication to perform a full load over the internet and then continuously replicate changes until cutover.
E.Establish a VPN connection and use AWS DMS with full load only.
AnswersC, D

Snowball transfers large data quickly regardless of bandwidth.

Why this answer

Options A and D are correct. AWS Snowball can transfer the backup offline, bypassing network constraints. AWS DMS with ongoing replication can use change data capture to minimize downtime after initial load.

Option B is wrong because VPN does not increase bandwidth. Option C is wrong because DataSync is for file storage, not databases. Option E is wrong because direct transfer over the internet would be too slow.

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158
Drag & Dropmedium

Arrange the steps to configure a read replica for an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in a different AWS Region in the correct order.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order

Why this order

Cross-Region read replicas require backups enabled on the source, then creating a replica in another Region and monitoring lag.

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159
MCQeasy

A company wants to migrate its Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The source database is 10 TB and has many complex stored procedures. Which AWS service should be used primarily for converting the stored procedures to Amazon Redshift compatible code?

A.AWS Glue
B.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
C.Amazon Redshift COPY command
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)
AnswerD

SCT converts schema and code objects like stored procedures to target engine syntax.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) is designed to convert database schema and code objects like stored procedures from one engine to another. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS migrates data, not schema/code. Option C is wrong because Amazon Redshift's COPY command loads data from S3.

Option D is wrong because AWS Glue is an ETL service, not specialized for schema conversion.

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160
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. They need to minimize downtime. Which TWO actions should they take?

Select 2 answers
A.Set up AWS DMS with change data capture (CDC) from the source
B.Increase the allocated storage on the target RDS instance to improve performance
C.Use AWS SCT to validate and convert the schema before migration
D.Deploy the target RDS instance as a Single-AZ to simplify replication
E.Disable Oracle archivelog mode to speed up data transfer
AnswersA, C

CDC enables near-zero downtime migration.

Why this answer

Options A and C are correct. Setting up AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows minimal downtime, and validating the schema with SCT before migration is a best practice. Option B is wrong because disabling archiving would prevent CDC.

Option D is wrong because increasing storage does not affect downtime. Option E is wrong because a single-AZ deployment does not inherently reduce downtime.

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161
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB and the migration must have minimal downtime. Which TWO AWS services should be used together to accomplish this?

Select 2 answers
A.AWS CloudFormation
B.AWS DataSync
C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)
D.AWS CloudEndure Migration
E.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
AnswersC, E

AWS SCT can assess and convert schema if needed, though not strictly required for homogeneous migration.

Why this answer

AWS DMS provides data migration with ongoing replication, and AWS SCT can help convert schema if needed, but for homogeneous migration, DMS alone is sufficient. However, the question asks for two services; the combination of DMS and SCT is commonly used for heterogeneous migrations. For homogeneous, DMS alone is enough, but SCT can still be used to assess schema compatibility.

Option E is incorrect because CloudEndure is for server migration.

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162
MCQeasy

A developer is migrating a self-managed MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. The database contains 500 GB of data. What is the most efficient method to perform the initial data load?

A.Take a file system snapshot and restore to DocumentDB
B.Use mongodump and mongorestore
C.Use AWS DMS with full load
D.Use mongodump with --out and then import using mongoimport
AnswerB

These native tools are efficient and compatible with DocumentDB.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because mongodump and mongorestore are the standard tools for logical backup and restore in MongoDB, and they are compatible with DocumentDB. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS supports MongoDB as a source but is less efficient for large initial loads compared to native tools. Option C is wrong because creating a snapshot of a self-managed database is not applicable to DocumentDB.

Option D is wrong because mongodump with the --out parameter does not load data into DocumentDB; it creates dump files.

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163
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 5 TB MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. They have a short maintenance window and need to minimize downtime. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS to perform a full load and then ongoing replication from the source MongoDB.
B.Use the MongoDB change streams feature to replicate changes to DocumentDB in real time.
C.Set up AWS Direct Connect to the source and use mongorestore directly to DocumentDB.
D.Export the data using mongodump, transfer to Amazon S3, and import using mongorestore.
AnswerA

DMS supports MongoDB as source and DocumentDB as target with ongoing replication.

Why this answer

AWS DMS supports MongoDB as a source and Amazon DocumentDB as a target, enabling a full load of the 5 TB database followed by ongoing change data capture (CDC) using MongoDB's oplog. This minimizes downtime by keeping the target nearly synchronized during the migration window, allowing a final cutover with minimal interruption.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may assume MongoDB change streams are a universal replication mechanism, but DocumentDB does not support consuming them as a target, and AWS DMS is the only fully managed service that provides both full load and ongoing replication for this specific source-target pair.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because MongoDB change streams are not natively supported by Amazon DocumentDB as a replication target; DocumentDB uses its own change streams, and there is no built-in mechanism to consume MongoDB change streams for real-time replication. Option C is wrong because AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated network connection but does not solve the migration tooling issue; mongorestore directly to DocumentDB would require stopping writes on the source, causing downtime, and does not support ongoing replication. Option D is wrong because exporting with mongodump and importing with mongorestore is a batch process that requires the source database to be quiesced or taken offline, resulting in significant downtime for a 5 TB dataset, and it lacks ongoing replication capability.

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164
Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE actions should be taken to prepare for a migration of an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL with minimal downtime using AWS DMS?

Select 3 answers
A.Enable binary logging on the source MySQL database
B.Set up an SSH tunnel or VPN for secure connectivity between DMS and the source
C.Create a database user with REPLICATION CLIENT and REPLICATION SLAVE privileges
D.Disable foreign key checks on the source database
E.Take a full backup of the source database
AnswersA, B, C

Binary logging is required for DMS to capture changes.

Why this answer

Correct: A (enable binary logging for CDC), B (create a user with replication privileges), and E (set up an SSH tunnel for secure connection). C is not required; D is not necessary for DMS.

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165
MCQeasy

A company needs to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. Which AWS service should be used for the ongoing replication?

A.AWS Glue.
B.AWS Backup.
C.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS).
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT).
AnswerC

DMS provides CDC for ongoing replication.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS supports ongoing replication from PostgreSQL to Aurora. Option B is wrong because it's for schema conversion. Option C is wrong because it's a general ETL tool.

Option D is wrong because it's a backup service.

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166
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is planning to migrate a 1 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. Which TWO factors should be considered when choosing the migration approach?

Select 2 answers
A.The number of concurrent users accessing the database
B.The need to modify the database schema for compatibility
C.Whether the database uses SQL Server Agent jobs
D.The acceptable downtime window for the application
E.The version of the source SQL Server instance
AnswersB, D

Schema changes may be required and SCT can assist.

Why this answer

Options A and C are correct. The acceptable downtime window determines whether offline or online migration is used, and the ability to modify the schema may require SCT. Option B is wrong because SQL Server Agent jobs can be migrated.

Option D is wrong because the source SQL Server version affects compatibility. Option E is wrong because the number of concurrent users is not a primary factor.

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167
MCQmedium

An IAM policy is attached to a user who is deploying an RDS database. The user attempts to create a DB instance named 'my-database' using the AWS CLI. Which statement is true?

A.The user cannot create the DB instance because the Deny statement applies to all actions
B.The user cannot create the DB instance because the resource ARN does not exist yet
C.The user cannot create the DB instance because of an error in the policy
D.The user can create the DB instance
AnswerD

The Allow statement explicitly allows CreateDBInstance on the resource.

Why this answer

The policy allows rds:CreateDBInstance on the specific DB instance and allows rds:CreateDBSubnetGroup on all resources. There is a Deny on ModifyDBInstance, but that action is not performed. The user can create the DB instance.

Option A is incorrect because the Deny does not prevent creation. Option C is incorrect because the policy allows creation. Option D is incorrect because the policy is valid.

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168
MCQeasy

A company wants to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle with minimal downtime. Which AWS service should be used for the migration?

A.AWS Systems Manager
B.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
C.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
D.AWS Service Control Policies (SCP)
AnswerC

DMS supports minimal downtime migrations.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) is designed for migrating databases to AWS with minimal downtime. AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) is used for schema conversion but not for the actual data migration. Service Control Policies (SCP) and Systems Manager are not relevant for database migration.

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169
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 10 TB Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The migration must minimize data transfer costs and ensure data integrity. Which TWO steps should the company take?

Select 2 answers
A.Use AWS DMS to replicate data directly over the internet
B.Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to stream data to Redshift
C.Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query data in S3 after loading
D.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the Oracle schema to Redshift
E.Use AWS Snowball Edge to physically transfer the data
AnswersD, E

SCT helps convert and optimize schema for Redshift.

Why this answer

Options A and D are correct. AWS SCT can assess the schema and convert it for Redshift. AWS Snowball Edge can transfer the large dataset offline to reduce network costs.

Option B is wrong because DMS may incur high network costs and time. Option C is wrong because Redshift Spectrum queries data in S3, not for migration. Option E is wrong because Kinesis is for streaming, not for bulk migration.

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170
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 3 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The migration must have minimal downtime and support point-in-time recovery after migration. Which THREE steps should be included in the migration plan? (Choose three.)

Select 3 answers
A.Take a snapshot backup of the source database.
B.Take a differential backup.
C.Take a full backup of the source database.
D.Use AWS DMS for ongoing replication after initial restore.
E.Take transaction log backups.
AnswersC, D, E

Required for initial restore.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and E are correct. Full backup with transaction log backups allows point-in-time recovery and minimal downtime during restore. AWS DMS can be used for ongoing replication.

Option B is wrong because differential backup alone does not allow point-in-time recovery. Option D is wrong because snapshot backup is not native to SQL Server and RDS does not support restoring from native snapshots.

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171
MCQhard

A company is using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate a 5 TB MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The migration is taking longer than expected. The company notices that the source database has a high volume of write operations. Which configuration change would MOST likely improve the migration performance?

A.Increase the number of parallel threads in the DMS task settings.
B.Enable Multi-AZ on the target RDS instance.
C.Use a smaller instance class for the replication instance to reduce cost.
D.Set the LOB mode to 'Full LOB mode'.
AnswerA

Parallel threads allow concurrent loading of data, improving throughput for high-write workloads.

Why this answer

Increasing the number of parallel threads in the DMS task settings allows AWS DMS to process multiple table partitions or row changes concurrently, which directly addresses the bottleneck caused by a high volume of write operations on the source. By default, DMS uses a single thread per table, but when the source is under heavy write load, parallel threads can capture and apply changes more efficiently, reducing the overall migration time.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse increasing parallelism with enabling Multi-AZ or changing LOB settings, mistakenly thinking these options directly speed up migration, when in fact they address availability or data type handling, not throughput under heavy write load.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because enabling Multi-AZ on the target RDS instance provides high availability and automatic failover, but does not improve the throughput or speed of the DMS migration process. Option C is wrong because using a smaller instance class for the replication instance would reduce CPU and memory resources, likely worsening migration performance, not improving it. Option D is wrong because setting LOB mode to 'Full LOB mode' is used for handling large objects (LOBs) and can actually slow down migration due to increased data transfer overhead; it does not address the high volume of write operations.

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172
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which AWS service should be used for the initial data load and ongoing replication?

A.AWS Snowball Edge for offline data transfer
B.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
C.Amazon S3 to store backup files and restore
D.AWS DataSync
AnswerB

DMS supports full load and CDC replication for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) supports both full load and ongoing replication from Oracle to RDS Oracle, enabling minimal downtime migrations. Option A (S3) does not provide replication. Option B (Snowball) is offline.

Option D (DataSync) is for file data, not databases.

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173
MCQhard

A company is deploying a global application that requires a database with sub-millisecond read latency across multiple regions. Which AWS database service should they use?

A.Amazon ElastiCache for Redis
B.Amazon Aurora Global Database
C.Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables
D.Amazon RDS for MySQL with cross-region Read Replicas
AnswerC

Provides sub-millisecond latency with multi-region active-active replication.

Why this answer

Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables provide multi-region replication with sub-millisecond latency. Option C is correct. Option A (RDS with Read Replicas) has higher latency.

Option B (Aurora Global Database) is good but not sub-millisecond across regions. Option D (ElastiCache) is a cache, not a primary database.

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174
MCQeasy

An administrator runs the above AWS CLI command to create an RDS MySQL instance. The command completes successfully. What is the status of the new DB instance immediately after the command returns?

A.available
B.stopped
C.deleting
D.creating
AnswerD

The instance enters 'creating' state until provisioning completes.

Why this answer

When the create-db-instance command returns, the DB instance state is 'creating'. It takes several minutes for the instance to become 'available'. Option A (available) is incorrect because creation is not instant.

Option C (stopped) is incorrect. Option D (deleting) is incorrect.

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175
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 5 TB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database contains large BFILEs stored in a file system. The company needs to migrate the data with minimal downtime and ensure the BFILEs are migrated. Which THREE steps should the company take?

Select 3 answers
A.Replace BFILEs with BLOBs in the source database before migration.
B.Use AWS SCT to convert any incompatible schema objects.
C.Upload the BFILEs to Amazon S3 and use Oracle Directory objects to reference them.
D.Use AWS CloudEndure Migration to replicate the entire server.
E.Use AWS DMS with the Oracle source endpoint configured to include the BFILE directory path.
AnswersB, C, E

SCT helps convert Oracle-specific objects to RDS-compatible ones.

Why this answer

DMS can migrate BFILEs if the source endpoint is configured with the directory path. Using SCT to convert any incompatible schema is recommended. Uploading BFILEs to S3 and using Oracle Directory objects with DMS can handle the migration.

Option B (direct update) is not secure. Option E (CloudEndure) is for servers.

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176
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 500 GB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They need to convert the schema and migrate the data with minimal downtime. Which THREE actions should they take? (Choose three.)

Select 3 answers
A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to assess and convert Oracle-specific features like hierarchical queries.
B.Modify the application to use Aurora PostgreSQL-specific SQL syntax before migration.
C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture (CDC) to migrate data.
D.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the Oracle schema to PostgreSQL-compatible schema.
E.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the data to AWS and then load into Aurora.
AnswersA, C, D

SCT can convert Oracle-specific features to PostgreSQL equivalents.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. A: SCT converts the schema. B: DMS with CDC provides minimal downtime.

D: Use SCT to assess and convert Oracle-specific features. Option C (modify application to use Aurora-specific features) is not necessary. Option E (Snowball) is not for minimal downtime.

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177
MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database is 2 TB in size and the network bandwidth is 100 Mbps. The company needs to minimize downtime. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication.
B.Copy database files to Amazon S3, then restore to RDS using native restore.
C.Use mysqldump to export the database and import it into RDS.
D.Use AWS Server Migration Service to migrate the database server.
AnswerA

AWS DMS can perform a full load followed by continuous replication to keep the target in sync, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS can replicate ongoing changes after an initial full load, minimizing downtime. Option A is wrong because mysqldump would be slow and cause more downtime. Option C is wrong because S3 is not directly used for live migration.

Option D is wrong because RDS does not support direct restore of physical backups from on-premises.

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178
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. The database is continuously updated. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication from an on-premises source.
B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) and AWS Snowball to transfer data.
C.Use AWS Database Migration Service with a full load only, then cut over.
D.Use pg_dump and pg_restore during a maintenance window.
AnswerA

DMS with change data capture (CDC) allows continuous replication with minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B (AWS DMS with ongoing replication) is correct because it supports minimal downtime by continuously replicating changes. Option A (native pg_dump/pg_restore) requires downtime. Option C (AWS Database Migration Service with full load only) does not replicate ongoing changes.

Option D (SCT with Snowball) is for large-scale schema conversion, not minimal-downtime migration.

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179
MCQhard

A company is migrating a self-hosted Cassandra cluster to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra). The cluster has 10 nodes and handles 50,000 writes per second. Which migration strategy is MOST efficient?

A.Set up Keyspaces as a new datacenter in the existing Cassandra cluster using native replication.
B.Export data using CQL COPY and import into Keyspaces.
C.Use AWS Glue to extract data from Cassandra and write to Keyspaces.
D.Use AWS DMS with Cassandra as source and Keyspaces as target.
AnswerA

Allows live migration with minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because using native Cassandra replication allows seamless migration with zero downtime by adding Keyspaces as a new datacenter. Option B is wrong because DMS does not support Cassandra as a source for Keyspaces. Option C is wrong because CQL COPY is not suitable for high throughput writes and requires downtime.

Option D is wrong because S3 export/import is a batch process, not real-time.

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180
MCQmedium

A company uses a self-hosted MySQL database on EC2. They want to migrate to Amazon RDS for MySQL with minimal downtime and automated failover. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Set up MySQL replication from EC2 to RDS, then cut over
B.Use mysqldump to export the database and import to RDS
C.Take a snapshot of the EC2 instance and restore to RDS
D.Use AWS DMS with full load and CDC
AnswerA

Native replication allows minimal downtime and automated failover is built into RDS Multi-AZ.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because setting up replication from EC2 to RDS using MySQL native replication allows near-zero downtime cutover. Option A is wrong because dump/restore requires downtime. Option B is wrong because snapshot restore requires downtime.

Option C is wrong because DMS might add complexity and is not necessary if native replication works.

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181
MCQhard

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database must be highly available with automatic failover. Which deployment configuration meets these requirements?

A.Single-AZ with a Read Replica in the same region
B.Multi-AZ deployment with synchronous replication to a cross-region replica
C.Multi-AZ deployment with a standby replica in a different Availability Zone
D.Single-AZ with automated backups
AnswerC

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover.

Why this answer

Multi-AZ deployment with a standby replica provides automatic failover in RDS MySQL. Option C is correct. Option A (Read Replica) does not provide automatic failover.

Option B (Single-AZ) lacks high availability. Option D (Multi-AZ with synchronous replication) is correct but the description is more accurate for Aurora; for RDS MySQL, Multi-AZ uses synchronous replication to a standby.

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182
MCQmedium

A company has a 200 GB PostgreSQL database on-premises and wants to migrate to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The company requires encrypted data transfer and wants to minimize downtime. Which combination of services should be used?

A.Use native pg_dump to S3, then import to RDS
B.Use AWS VPN to connect on-premises to RDS and perform a database dump
C.Use AWS DMS with SSL and ongoing replication
D.Use an EC2 instance with PostgreSQL replication to RDS
AnswerC

DMS supports encrypted transfer and CDC for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS supports SSL encryption and CDC for minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because S3 does not provide database migration. Option C is wrong because EC2 instance is not needed.

Option D is wrong because VPN alone does not migrate data.

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183
MCQmedium

A company is deploying a new Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The security team requires that all data at rest be encrypted. What is the simplest way to meet this requirement?

A.Enable encryption using AWS Certificate Manager
B.Use client-side encryption in the application
C.Enable encryption at rest when creating the RDS instance using an AWS KMS key
D.Enable encryption at rest on the RDS instance after creation
AnswerC

Encryption at rest can be enabled at instance creation time using a KMS key.

Why this answer

Amazon RDS for MySQL supports encryption at rest using AWS KMS keys, which must be enabled at instance creation time because encryption cannot be added to an existing unencrypted RDS instance. Option C is correct because it describes the simplest and most direct method: enabling encryption at rest during the initial RDS instance creation with an AWS KMS key, which transparently encrypts the underlying storage, automated backups, read replicas, and snapshots.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may think encryption can be enabled after creation (Option D) because some AWS services allow post-creation encryption, but RDS requires encryption to be set at launch, and this is a common exam trick to test knowledge of RDS encryption limitations.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is used for SSL/TLS certificate management for data in transit, not for encryption at rest. Option B is wrong because client-side encryption in the application adds unnecessary complexity and does not meet the requirement for data at rest encryption managed by the database service; it also requires application code changes and key management outside of AWS KMS. Option D is wrong because Amazon RDS for MySQL does not allow enabling encryption at rest on an existing unencrypted instance; you must create a new encrypted instance and migrate the data.

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184
MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They used AWS SCT to convert the schema, but some stored procedures failed to convert automatically. What is the best course of action?

A.Use AWS Lambda to automatically convert the stored procedures.
B.Use AWS DMS to replicate the Oracle stored procedures as-is to Aurora.
C.Switch to Amazon RDS for Oracle to avoid conversion issues.
D.Manually rewrite the unconverted stored procedures to PostgreSQL-compatible code based on SCT's assessment report.
AnswerD

SCT provides a report of items that need manual attention; rewriting is necessary.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because manual remediation of unconverted code is often necessary, and SCT provides an assessment report to guide this. Option A is wrong because DMS does not convert stored procedures. Option B is wrong because PostgreSQL has its own procedural languages.

Option D is wrong because Lambda is not designed for schema conversion.

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185
MCQmedium

An administrator needs to migrate an on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. The migration must have near-zero downtime. Which approach should the administrator use?

A.Use AWS DataSync to transfer the MongoDB data files
B.Use AWS Glue to extract and load data
C.Use mongodump to export and mongorestore to import
D.Use AWS DMS with MongoDB as source and DocumentDB as target
AnswerD

DMS supports ongoing replication with change data capture for near-zero downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS supports ongoing replication from MongoDB to DocumentDB using change streams. Option A is wrong because mongodump/mongorestore is a one-time import with downtime. Option C is wrong because AWS DataSync is for file-based transfers, not databases.

Option D is wrong because AWS Glue is for ETL, not live replication.

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186
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB MySQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database is critical and must have minimal downtime. Which approach should be used to migrate the database with the least downtime?

A.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with a replication instance to perform a full load and then ongoing replication until cutover.
B.Modify the on-premises database to use a new master user and then use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to migrate.
C.Create a read replica of the on-premises database and promote it to a standalone RDS instance.
D.Export the database using mysqldump and import into RDS using mysql command-line tool. Schedule a maintenance window for cutover.
AnswerA

DMS supports ongoing replication to minimize downtime during migration.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication allows migration with minimal downtime by continuously replicating changes from the source to the target until cutover. Option A is wrong because creating a read replica is not possible from on-premises. Option B is wrong because exporting and importing will cause significant downtime.

Option D is wrong because changing the master user is unrelated to migration.

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187
MCQeasy

A company is deploying a new Amazon RDS for MariaDB instance. The database must be accessible from a specific set of EC2 instances in a VPC. How should the company configure security to allow access?

A.Assign the same security group to both the RDS instance and the EC2 instances.
B.Create a security group for the RDS instance that allows inbound traffic from the EC2 instances' security group.
C.Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances that grants access to the RDS database.
D.Configure a network ACL to allow inbound traffic from the EC2 instance IPs.
AnswerB

Security group referencing is the best practice for allowing access from EC2.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the RDS security group should allow inbound traffic from the EC2 security group. Option A is wrong because NACLs are stateless and less granular. Option B is wrong because RDS does not support EC2 classic security groups.

Option D is wrong because IAM roles are for authentication, not network access.

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188
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 500 GB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The database has a large number of stored procedures and triggers. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which approach should be used?

A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the schema and AWS DMS for data migration
B.Use AWS S3 to store the data and AWS Glue to transform and load into RDS
C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with full load and ongoing replication
D.Use native SQL Server backup and restore to Amazon RDS
AnswerC

AWS DMS supports ongoing replication to minimize downtime.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows for minimal downtime. Option A is incorrect because backup/restore does not support ongoing replication. Option B is incorrect because S3 and Glue are not designed for database migration.

Option C is incorrect because AWS SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration.

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189
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 3 TB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The migration uses AWS DMS with ongoing replication. The source database is actively used by applications. After the initial full load, the target RDS instance is in sync. However, during the ongoing replication phase, the replication task fails with an error: 'ORA-1555: snapshot too old.' The DMS task has been set up with a source endpoint that uses the 'Oracle TNS' connection method. The company needs to resolve the issue without stopping the source database. Which action should be taken?

A.Change the source endpoint to use the 'Oracle SID' connection method.
B.Decrease the batch size of the DMS task.
C.Increase the undo retention period in the source Oracle database.
D.Increase the frequency of the DMS task's log mining.
AnswerC

Longer undo retention keeps snapshot data available for DMS.

Why this answer

The ORA-1555 error indicates that undo data is overwritten before DMS can read it. Increasing undo retention ensures the snapshot data is available longer. Reducing batch size would not address the undo issue.

Increasing logging frequency does not affect undo. Using a different connection method does not solve the underlying undo retention problem.

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190
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a 2 TB MySQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for MySQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. They plan to use AWS DMS. What is the first step they should take before starting the migration task?

A.Create a read replica of the source database to reduce load.
B.Enable binary logging (binlog) on the source MySQL database.
C.Disable foreign key checks on the source database to speed up the load.
D.Enable binary logging on the target RDS for MySQL instance.
AnswerB

Binlog is required for CDC to capture ongoing changes.

Why this answer

AWS DMS requires binary logging (binlog) to be enabled on the source MySQL database to capture ongoing changes during the full-load and change data capture (CDC) phase. This ensures data consistency and minimizes downtime by allowing DMS to replicate incremental changes after the initial load. Without binlog, DMS cannot perform CDC, and the migration would be limited to a one-time snapshot, risking data loss or extended downtime.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse the need for binary logging on the source versus the target, or assume that a read replica or disabling constraints is the first step, but DMS specifically requires binlog on the source for continuous replication.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because creating a read replica of the source database does not directly enable DMS to capture changes; DMS can already read from the source without a replica, and a replica adds complexity without addressing the core requirement for CDC. Option C is wrong because disabling foreign key checks on the source database is not a prerequisite for DMS; DMS handles foreign key constraints during migration, and disabling them could compromise data integrity. Option D is wrong because binary logging must be enabled on the source database, not the target; the target RDS instance does not need binlog for DMS to write data, and enabling it on the target is irrelevant for capturing source changes.

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191
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB MySQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which AWS service should be used?

A.Use mysqldump to export the database and import to RDS during a maintenance window.
B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema and migrate data.
C.Take a physical backup, copy it to Amazon S3, and restore to RDS.
D.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with a full load and ongoing replication from a change data capture source.
AnswerD

DMS supports full load plus CDC for minimal downtime migrations.

Why this answer

AWS DMS is the correct choice because it supports both a full load of the 500 GB database and ongoing replication using change data capture (CDC) from the on-premises MySQL source. This enables minimal downtime by keeping the target RDS instance synchronized during the migration window, and it handles schema conversion automatically for MySQL-to-MySQL migrations without needing a separate tool.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume a simple backup-and-restore or logical dump is sufficient for minimal downtime, but they overlook the requirement for ongoing replication, which only DMS with CDC can provide without disrupting the source database.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because mysqldump is a logical backup tool that requires taking the source database offline or locking tables during export, causing significant downtime, and it does not support ongoing replication after the initial load. Option B is wrong because AWS SCT is designed for heterogeneous migrations (e.g., Oracle to Aurora) and is unnecessary for a homogeneous MySQL-to-MySQL migration; it does not perform the actual data movement or ongoing replication. Option C is wrong because taking a physical backup and restoring to RDS requires stopping writes on the source to ensure consistency, and it cannot provide ongoing replication to keep the target in sync with the source after the restore.

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192
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is planning to deploy a new Amazon RDS for Oracle database in a Multi-AZ configuration. The database must be highly available and fault-tolerant. Which THREE actions should the company take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Select 3 answers
A.Take manual snapshots daily
B.Create a read replica in a different Availability Zone
C.Enable Multi-AZ deployment
D.Enable automated backups with a retention period of 35 days
E.Enable deletion protection
AnswersC, D, E

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover.

Why this answer

Multi-AZ deployment automatically creates a standby instance in a different AZ. Automated backups are enabled by default and stored across multiple AZs. Retaining automated backups for 35 days provides point-in-time recovery.

Read replicas are for read scaling, not high availability. Manual snapshots are for long-term retention, not high availability. Multi-Region replication is for disaster recovery, not high availability.

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193
MCQeasy

A company wants to migrate a self-hosted MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. They need to convert the schema. Which AWS service should they use?

A.AWS Glue
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
D.Amazon Athena
AnswerC

SCT can convert MongoDB schemas to DocumentDB-compatible format.

Why this answer

AWS DMS can migrate MongoDB to DocumentDB, and AWS SCT can help convert schemas if needed. However, DocumentDB supports MongoDB wire protocol, so often SCT is not required. But the question asks for schema conversion, so SCT is the correct choice.

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194
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a 3 TB on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS DMS. The migration task is failing with an error indicating insufficient memory. Which TWO actions should the company take to resolve this issue? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Change the target database engine to Amazon RDS for MySQL.
B.Disable Multi-AZ on the DMS replication instance.
C.Increase the instance class of the DMS replication instance.
D.Reduce the number of tables being migrated in the task.
E.Use a smaller instance class for the DMS replication instance.
AnswersC, D

A larger instance class provides more memory to handle the migration.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the 'insufficient memory' error during an AWS DMS migration indicates that the replication instance lacks the memory required to handle the data volume, transformation rules, or cache for large transactions. Increasing the instance class (e.g., from dms.c5.large to dms.c5.2xlarge) provides more memory and CPU, directly resolving the resource constraint.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates might confuse a DMS replication instance memory issue with a target database performance issue, leading them to incorrectly change the target engine or disable Multi-AZ instead of scaling the replication instance.

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195
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is deploying a new Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Which THREE actions are recommended for a secure deployment?

Select 3 answers
A.Enable encryption at rest using AWS KMS
B.Use the default VPC for simplicity
C.Delete automated backups after the initial snapshot to reduce costs
D.Enable automated backups with a retention period
E.Place the DB instance in a private subnet
AnswersA, D, E

Encryption at rest protects data if storage is compromised.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and D are correct. Enabling encryption at rest, using private subnets, and enabling automated backups are security best practices. Option B is wrong because deleting automated backups immediately after creation removes the ability to perform point-in-time recovery.

Option E is wrong because using the default VPC may not be properly isolated.

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196
MCQhard

An administrator is setting up an AWS DMS replication instance and attaches the IAM policy shown in the exhibit. The administrator receives an error that the replication instance cannot be created. Which missing permission is the MOST likely cause?

A.ec2:DescribeVpcPeeringConnections
B.ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
C.ec2:CreateNetworkInterfacePermission
D.dms:CreateReplicationInstance
AnswerB

DMS needs to describe security groups to attach to the replication instance.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because DMS replication instances require permission to describe security groups to validate network configuration. Option A is wrong because the policy already includes ec2:CreateNetworkInterface. Option B is wrong because ec2:DescribeVpcs is already present.

Option D is wrong because dms:CreateReplicationInstance is missing, but the error is about replication instance creation, not tasks; however, the most specific missing permission is ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups.

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197
MCQhard

An IAM role with the above trust policy is created. The role is then attached to an EC2 instance. The application on the EC2 instance tries to create an RDS DB instance using the AWS SDK. What will happen?

A.The call will fail because the role's permissions policy does not allow rds:CreateDBInstance
B.The call will succeed because the trust policy grants permissions to EC2
C.The call will succeed because the trust policy allows EC2 to create RDS instances
D.The call will fail because the trust policy does not include the RDS service
AnswerA

The role needs a permissions policy allowing the action.

Why this answer

The trust policy allows the EC2 service to assume the role, but the IAM policy attached to the role (not shown) must also allow rds:CreateDBInstance. The trust policy alone does not grant permissions; it only allows the service to assume the role. The actual permissions come from the role's permissions policy.

Without that, the call will fail. Option B is incorrect because the trust policy is valid for EC2. Option C is incorrect because trust policy does not grant permissions.

Option D is incorrect because the trust policy is correct.

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198
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They have a limited maintenance window and need to minimize downtime. Which TWO strategies should they combine?

Select 2 answers
A.Use AWS DMS to perform a full load and ongoing replication.
B.Use AWS Direct Connect to increase bandwidth.
C.Use AWS SCT to convert the schema and assess compatibility.
D.Use AWS CloudEndure Migration.
E.Use AWS Snowball to transfer a backup offline.
AnswersA, C

DMS enables near-zero downtime migration.

Why this answer

Using DMS for full load and ongoing replication minimizes downtime. AWS SCT is needed to convert schema if there are incompatibilities. Snowball is for offline transfer, but with 2 TB and limited time, DMS online is better.

Direct Connect improves network but is not a migration strategy. CloudEndure is for server migration.

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199
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication after the initial load. The network link has limited bandwidth, and the company wants to avoid costly data transfer fees. Which approach should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication (CDC) from the start.
B.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with a full load only, then cut over.
C.Use pg_dump to export the database and pg_restore to import into RDS.
D.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the database files, then load into RDS.
AnswerA

CDC captures changes continuously, minimizing downtime and supporting ongoing sync.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication (CDC) enables a full load followed by continuous change data capture, which meets the requirements of minimal downtime and ongoing replication. DMS compresses data in transit and can throttle network usage, helping to manage limited bandwidth and avoid costly data transfer fees by using the existing network link efficiently.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume Snowball Edge is always the best choice for large databases to avoid bandwidth costs, but for 500 GB and the need for ongoing replication, DMS with CDC is more appropriate and cost-effective.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because a full load only does not support ongoing replication after the initial load, so changes made during the migration would be lost, requiring downtime for a final cutover. Option C is wrong because pg_dump and pg_restore are offline tools that require the source database to be stopped or made read-only during the export, causing significant downtime and no ongoing replication capability. Option D is wrong because AWS Snowball Edge is designed for large-scale offline data transfer (typically >10 TB) and would introduce unnecessary latency and complexity for a 500 GB database, plus it does not support ongoing replication after the data is loaded.

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200
Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO actions are recommended when deploying an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance in a production environment to ensure high availability and durability? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Enable Enhanced Monitoring
B.Enable automated backups with a retention period of at least 7 days
C.Enable Performance Insights
D.Enable deletion protection
E.Enable Multi-AZ deployment
AnswersB, E

Automated backups allow point-in-time recovery within the retention period.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Multi-AZ provides automatic failover. Option D is correct because automated backups with a retention period enable point-in-time recovery. Option B is wrong because deletion protection is for accidental deletion, not high availability.

Option C is wrong because performance insights are for monitoring, not HA. Option E is wrong because enhanced monitoring is for metrics, not HA.

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201
MCQeasy

A developer needs to deploy an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance that is accessible only from a specific EC2 instance in a VPC. Which configuration ensures this?

A.Use an IAM role to allow the EC2 instance to connect to the RDS instance
B.Enable public accessibility and assign a public IP to the RDS instance
C.Place RDS and EC2 in different subnets and configure a network ACL
D.Place the RDS instance in the same VPC as the EC2 instance and configure a security group inbound rule referencing the EC2 security group
AnswerD

This ensures traffic is allowed only from the specific EC2 security group.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because placing the RDS instance in the same VPC and using a security group that allows inbound traffic from the EC2 instance's security group ensures restricted access. Option A is wrong because public accessibility would expose the DB to the internet. Option B is wrong because a network ACL applies at subnet level, not instance level.

Option D is wrong because an IAM role does not control network access.

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202
Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Use pg_dump to export the data and import into RDS.
B.Use AWS DMS to migrate from on-premises MySQL to RDS.
C.Use SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) to migrate the data.
D.Use Oracle Data Pump to export the data and import into RDS.
E.Use mysqldump to export the database and import it into RDS.
AnswersB, E

DMS supports MySQL as source.

Why this answer

AWS DMS (Database Migration Service) is a fully managed service designed to migrate databases to AWS with minimal downtime. It supports homogeneous migrations like MySQL to Amazon RDS for MySQL, handling schema conversion, data replication, and ongoing changes via change data capture (CDC). This makes option B a valid and recommended method for migrating an on-premises MySQL database to RDS.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse database-specific tools (pg_dump for PostgreSQL, Oracle Data Pump for Oracle, SSIS for SQL Server) with MySQL-compatible tools, leading them to select options that are technically incorrect for migrating a MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL.

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203
MCQeasy

A company is deploying a new web application that uses Amazon RDS for MySQL. The application must be highly available across three Availability Zones with automatic failover. Which deployment configuration should be used?

A.Deploy Amazon RDS for MySQL in a Single-AZ configuration and use an Application Load Balancer.
B.Deploy Amazon Aurora MySQL with three Aurora Replicas in different Availability Zones.
C.Deploy Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ and a standby instance in a different Availability Zone.
D.Deploy Amazon RDS for MySQL with Read Replicas in two additional Availability Zones.
AnswerB

Aurora with Replicas provides automatic failover and high availability across multiple AZs.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because a Multi-AZ deployment with a standby instance provides automatic failover, but only supports two Availability Zones (primary and standby). For three AZs, Amazon Aurora is needed. Option A is wrong because Aurora with three replicas provides high availability across three AZs.

Option C is wrong because Read Replicas are for read scaling, not automatic failover. Option D is wrong because a Single-AZ deployment is not highly available.

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204
MCQeasy

A company has a 50 GB MariaDB database on an on-premises server. They want to migrate to Amazon RDS for MariaDB. They have a 100 Mbps network connection. The migration window is 2 hours. The database can be offline for up to 30 minutes. Which migration approach is most appropriate?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication.
B.Use AWS Snowball to transfer the database files.
C.Create a MariaDB dump, transfer to an EC2 instance in the same region, then import to RDS.
D.Use AWS SCT to convert schema and then use DMS.
AnswerC

Simple and within window; dump/import time ~20 minutes.

Why this answer

Option A is correct: creating a dump and importing is straightforward and can be done within the window. Option B is wrong because DMS may require more setup. Option C is wrong because Snowball is overkill.

Option D is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion, not needed here.

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205
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a self-managed PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They want to use the pglogical extension for logical replication to minimize downtime. Which THREE prerequisites must be met before setting up pglogical?

Select 3 answers
A.Add pglogical to shared_preload_libraries and restart the source database
B.Set wal_level to logical in the source PostgreSQL configuration
C.Configure max_wal_senders to at least 10
D.Enable track_commit_timestamp on the source
E.Ensure the source PostgreSQL version is 9.4 or later
AnswersA, B, E

The extension must be loaded.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because pglogical must be loaded into the shared preload libraries on the source PostgreSQL instance so that it is available at server start. Without this, the extension cannot be installed or used. The database must be restarted after modifying shared_preload_libraries for the change to take effect.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse the prerequisites for pglogical with those for native PostgreSQL logical replication, which also requires max_replication_slots and max_wal_senders to be set, but pglogical does not mandate a specific value like 10 for max_wal_senders.

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206
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 3 TB MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. They need to validate data consistency after migration. Which approach should they use?

A.Compare row counts between source and target tables.
B.Use AWS DMS data validation feature.
C.Run random SELECT queries on a subset of rows to compare values.
D.Compute MD5 checksums of the entire dataset in both databases.
AnswerB

DMS data validation compares source and target data using table-level checksums.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS DMS provides data validation to compare source and target data. Option A is wrong because comparing row counts is insufficient for consistency. Option B is wrong because checksums on all columns would be very expensive and time-consuming.

Option D is wrong because querying random rows is not comprehensive.

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207
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They need to minimize downtime and support ongoing changes during migration. Which approach should they take?

A.Use native SQL Server backup and restore to RDS
B.Set up a Direct Connect connection and use log shipping
C.Use SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) to replicate data
D.Use AWS DMS with full load and change data capture (CDC)
AnswerD

DMS with CDC enables minimal downtime by replicating changes.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with full load and change data capture (CDC) is the correct approach because it allows the initial 500 GB data load to be migrated while continuously replicating ongoing changes from the source SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. This minimizes downtime by enabling a cutover only after the target is fully synchronized, and it supports ongoing changes during migration without requiring the source database to be taken offline.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse log shipping (a native SQL Server HA feature) with AWS DMS CDC, but log shipping is not supported on RDS for SQL Server, making DMS the only viable option for minimizing downtime with ongoing changes.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because native SQL Server backup and restore to RDS requires the database to be in full recovery mode and taken offline or read-only during the backup and restore process, causing significant downtime and not supporting ongoing changes. Option B is wrong because log shipping is a SQL Server-native feature that is not supported for Amazon RDS for SQL Server as RDS does not provide access to the underlying operating system or SQL Server Agent to configure and manage log shipping jobs. Option C is wrong because SSIS is an ETL tool designed for batch data movement and transformation, not for real-time replication of ongoing changes, and it would require complex custom logic to capture and apply CDC, making it unsuitable for minimizing downtime during a live migration.

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208
Matchingmedium

Match each AWS security feature to its purpose for databases.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

Virtual firewall controlling inbound/outbound traffic at instance level

Use IAM users/roles to authenticate to RDS/Aurora

Protects data stored on disk using KMS keys

Encrypts data in transit between client and database

Managed service to create and control encryption keys

Why these pairings

Security mechanisms for protecting AWS databases.

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209
MCQhard

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle using AWS DMS. The migration fails with an error indicating that DMS cannot capture changes from the source because the archive log mode is not enabled. What should be done?

A.Disable ongoing replication and perform a full load only.
B.Set up an Oracle Data Guard standby and use it as the source.
C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema.
D.Enable archive log mode on the source Oracle database.
AnswerD

DMS requires archive logging to capture changes for ongoing replication.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because DMS requires archive log mode for ongoing replication. Option A is wrong because DMS can use full load without archive logs, but for ongoing replication it needs them. Option C is wrong because setting up a standby does not help DMS.

Option D is wrong because SCT does not affect capture.

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210
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is deploying a new Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity. The table will store session data for a web application. Which THREE features should be enabled to improve performance and durability?

Select 3 answers
A.Auto scaling
B.Time to Live (TTL)
C.DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
D.Point-in-time recovery (PITR)
E.Global tables
AnswersA, C, D

Auto scaling adjusts capacity to handle traffic spikes.

Why this answer

Auto scaling is correct because DynamoDB on-demand capacity automatically scales throughput based on traffic patterns, eliminating the need for manual capacity management. However, the question asks for features to improve performance and durability, and auto scaling is not applicable to on-demand tables (it is for provisioned mode). For on-demand, throughput adjusts instantly, so auto scaling is irrelevant and should not be selected.

The correct features for performance and durability are TTL (to automatically expire old session data, reducing storage costs and improving query performance), DAX (to provide in-memory caching for microsecond read latency), and PITR (to protect against accidental writes or deletes by enabling continuous backups).

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume auto scaling is always beneficial for performance, but DynamoDB on-demand mode already handles scaling automatically, making auto scaling redundant and incorrect for this scenario.

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211
MCQhard

A company is moving a self-hosted MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The current database uses InnoDB with full-text indexes and triggers. The migration must be done with zero downtime. Which approach meets these requirements?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from the source MySQL database
B.Use mysqldump to export the database and import into Aurora
C.Set up MySQL replication from on-premises to Aurora using native binlog replication
D.Export data to Amazon S3 and use Aurora's LOAD DATA FROM S3 command
AnswerA

DMS supports CDC and handles full-text indexes and triggers.

Why this answer

AWS DMS can migrate MySQL to Aurora MySQL with ongoing replication (CDC), supporting InnoDB tables, full-text indexes, and triggers. Option A fails because mysqldump causes downtime. Option B fails because Aurora does not support replication from external MySQL.

Option D is incorrect because S3 bucket loading is not supported for MySQL.

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212
MCQeasy

A company needs to migrate a SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The database uses stored procedures with xp_cmdshell. What should the company do?

A.Rewrite the stored procedures to remove dependency on xp_cmdshell before migration.
B.Use RDS Custom for SQL Server to retain full control.
C.Enable xp_cmdshell in the RDS parameter group.
D.Disable xp_cmdshell in the stored procedures and migrate as-is.
AnswerA

xp_cmdshell is not supported; procedures must be modified to use alternatives.

Why this answer

Amazon RDS for SQL Server does not support the xp_cmdshell extended stored procedure because it allows execution of operating system commands, which violates the managed service model where AWS controls the host OS. The correct approach is to rewrite the stored procedures to remove dependency on xp_cmdshell before migration, using alternatives such as SQL Server Agent jobs, CLR integration, or external scripting via AWS Lambda or EC2.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume RDS Custom for SQL Server provides full OS control, but AWS still restricts xp_cmdshell and other OS-level features, making rewriting the only viable option.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because RDS Custom for SQL Server does not enable xp_cmdshell; even with RDS Custom, AWS restricts access to the underlying OS and does not allow enabling xp_cmdshell due to security policies. Option C is wrong because xp_cmdshell cannot be enabled in an RDS parameter group; the RDS parameter group does not expose the 'xp_cmdshell' configuration option, and attempting to set it will be ignored or cause an error. Option D is wrong because simply disabling xp_cmdshell in the stored procedures and migrating as-is will break the procedures; the procedures must be rewritten to use alternative methods that do not rely on xp_cmdshell at all.

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213
MCQhard

A database administrator is trying to delete the RDS instance named 'prod-critical' using the AWS CLI. The IAM policy shown is attached to the user. What will happen?

A.The delete will succeed only if the user includes a condition.
B.The delete will fail because the Deny statement explicitly denies the action for that resource.
C.The delete will fail because the policy has a syntax error.
D.The delete will succeed because the Allow statement grants permission.
AnswerB

Deny overrides Allow, so the delete fails.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because the Deny statement explicitly denies the delete action for that specific resource, and Deny always overrides Allow. Option B is wrong because the Allow does not apply to the specific resource due to the Deny. Option C is wrong because the Deny is explicit.

Option D is wrong because the Deny is on the action, not condition.

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214
MCQeasy

A company wants to deploy a MySQL database that automatically scales read capacity based on traffic without manual intervention. Which AWS database offering should they use?

A.Amazon DynamoDB with auto scaling
B.Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment
C.Amazon RDS for MySQL with a Single-AZ deployment
D.Amazon Aurora with Auto Scaling for read replicas
AnswerD

Aurora Auto Scaling automatically adjusts the number of read replicas based on CPU or connections.

Why this answer

Amazon Aurora with Auto Scaling for read replicas is correct because it automatically adjusts the number of Aurora Replicas based on changes in read workload, scaling read capacity without manual intervention. Aurora's Auto Scaling monitors the average CPU utilization or connections of the reader fleet and adds or removes replicas to maintain a target metric, providing seamless read scaling for MySQL-compatible databases.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse Multi-AZ deployments (which provide failover, not read scaling) with read replica auto scaling, or they incorrectly assume DynamoDB's auto scaling applies to MySQL workloads, when the question explicitly requires a MySQL database.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL database, not a MySQL database, and its auto scaling adjusts write and read capacity units, not read replicas for a relational MySQL workload. Option B is wrong because Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment provides high availability by maintaining a standby replica in a different Availability Zone, but it does not automatically scale read capacity; the standby is not used for read traffic unless a failover occurs. Option C is wrong because Amazon RDS for MySQL with a Single-AZ deployment offers no read replica scaling at all; it is a single instance that cannot automatically add read capacity based on traffic.

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215
MCQhard

A team is using AWS DMS to migrate a 3 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They configured the task as shown. After the full load completes, they notice that the target tables have no indexes, primary keys, or foreign keys. What is the most likely cause?

A.The migration task did not include transformation rules to create indexes and constraints.
B.The table selection rule uses wildcards and excludes system tables, which also excludes index definitions.
C.The TargetTablePrepMode is set to DROP_AND_CREATE, which creates tables without indexes or constraints.
D.The task is using a full load without LOB support, which prevents index creation.
AnswerC

DROP_AND_CREATE mode creates target tables with only the column definitions, not indexes or constraints.

Why this answer

When TargetTablePrepMode is set to DROP_AND_CREATE, AWS DMS drops the target table if it exists and then creates a new one using only the basic column definitions from the source. It does not migrate indexes, primary keys, or foreign keys because DMS is not designed to replicate schema objects beyond table structure and data. To preserve constraints and indexes, you must either pre-create them on the target or use a different prep mode like TRUNCATE_BEFORE_LOAD.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume DMS automatically replicates all schema objects, including indexes and constraints, when in fact DMS only migrates table structure and data, leaving schema objects like indexes and foreign keys to be handled separately.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because transformation rules in DMS are used to rename tables, columns, or schemas, not to create indexes or constraints; index and constraint creation is not a feature of DMS transformation rules. Option B is wrong because wildcard table selection rules and exclusion of system tables affect which tables are migrated, not whether indexes or constraints are created on the target; DMS does not replicate index definitions regardless of table selection. Option D is wrong because LOB support settings control how large objects are handled during migration and have no impact on index or constraint creation; indexes are not created even when LOB support is enabled.

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216
Multi-Selecthard

A company is deploying an Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity mode. The table will be accessed from multiple AWS Regions and requires strong consistency. Which THREE steps should be taken to meet these requirements?

Select 3 answers
A.Create a global secondary index
B.Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)
C.Configure auto scaling
D.Enable DynamoDB global tables
E.Use strongly consistent reads
AnswersA, D, E

GSIs are needed for strong consistent reads on replicated data.

Why this answer

Options A, B, and D are correct. DynamoDB global tables (A) provide multi-region deployment, but they only support eventual consistency; however, for strong consistency, you need to use DynamoDB global tables with strong consistency (B) which is available in some regions, and you must have a global secondary index (D) to support strong consistent reads. Option C is wrong because DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) is a caching layer that does not provide strong consistency across regions.

Option E is wrong because auto scaling is not needed when using on-demand capacity mode.

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217
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is deploying a new MySQL database on Amazon RDS. They need to ensure that the database is automatically backed up daily and retained for 30 days. Which TWO configurations should be set? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.Set backup retention period to 30 days.
B.Enable automated backups.
C.Set backup window.
D.Enable Multi-AZ deployment.
E.Create a manual snapshot daily.
AnswersA, B

Defines retention.

Why this answer

Options A and D are correct because automated backups are enabled by default and retention period can be set up to 35 days. Option B is wrong because manual snapshots are separate. Option C is wrong because it's not about backups.

Option E is wrong because it doesn't set retention.

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218
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which AWS service should be used for the migration?

A.AWS S3 Transfer Acceleration for direct database export
B.AWS Data Migration Service with AWS Glue
C.AWS Snowball Edge for offline data transfer
D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture
AnswerD

AWS DMS supports ongoing replication with CDC for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS supports ongoing replication from on-premises PostgreSQL to RDS for PostgreSQL using logical replication. Option B is wrong because S3 is for storage, not database migration. Option C is wrong because Snowball is for large data transfer offline, not minimal downtime replication.

Option D is wrong because Database Migration Service is the correct name, not Data Migration Service.

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219
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a 200 GB MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration must be completed within a 1-hour downtime window. Which TWO methods can achieve this?

Select 2 answers
A.Use AWS SCT to convert the schema and then perform a data load.
B.Use AWS DMS with full load only.
C.Use Percona XtraBackup to create a physical backup, upload to S3, and restore to Aurora.
D.Use mysqldump with parallel threads and import using mysql command.
E.Create an RDS Read Replica of the on-premises database and promote it.
AnswersC, D

XtraBackup is fast and Aurora supports restoring from it via S3.

Why this answer

Using mysqldump with parallel threads can speed up export/import. Percona XtraBackup creates a fast physical backup that can be restored to Aurora. DMS full load may be slower.

RDS read replica is not applicable. SCT is for schema conversion.

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220
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a 200 GB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Which TWO steps should be taken to ensure a successful migration? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Enable TDE encryption on the source database before migration.
B.Use AWS DMS only for heterogeneous migrations; use Oracle Data Pump instead.
C.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication.
D.Export the database using expdp and import using impdp.
E.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to assess and convert the schema.
AnswersC, E

Minimizes downtime by replicating ongoing changes.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct. Using AWS SCT helps convert the schema and identify potential issues. Using AWS DMS with ongoing replication minimizes downtime.

Option A is wrong because Oracle to RDS for Oracle is homogeneous; DMS supports it. Option C is wrong because manual export/import is error-prone and causes downtime. Option E is wrong because encrypting the source database adds complexity and may not be necessary.

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221
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration requires ongoing replication for minimal downtime. Which THREE AWS services should be used?

Select 3 answers
A.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
B.Amazon S3
C.AWS DataSync
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)
E.AWS Lambda
AnswersA, B, D

DMS is the primary service for data migration and ongoing replication.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and E are correct. AWS DMS performs data migration and ongoing replication, AWS SCT converts the schema, and AWS DMS can use S3 as an intermediate if needed. Option B is wrong because DataSync is for file transfers.

Option D is wrong because Lambda is not a migration service.

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222
MCQeasy

A company wants to deploy a globally distributed application with a DynamoDB table that uses optimistic locking. Which DynamoDB feature should be used to implement this?

A.DynamoDB Conditional Writes
B.DynamoDB Streams
C.DynamoDB Global Tables
D.DynamoDB Transactions
AnswerA

Conditional writes implement optimistic locking.

Why this answer

DynamoDB conditional writes enable optimistic locking by checking a condition before writing. Option A: Transactions provide ACID but not optimistic locking. Option B: DynamoDB Streams is for change capture.

Option D: Global tables provide multi-region replication.

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223
MCQeasy

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database must be highly available and fault-tolerant. Which deployment option meets these requirements?

A.Deploy the RDS instance in a single Availability Zone
B.Deploy the RDS instance across multiple AWS Regions
C.Deploy the RDS instance with Multi-AZ configuration
D.Deploy the RDS instance with multiple read replicas
AnswerC

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover for high availability.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Multi-AZ deployment provides automatic failover to a standby in a different Availability Zone, ensuring high availability and fault tolerance. Option B is wrong because a single-AZ deployment does not provide fault tolerance. Option C is wrong because read replicas are for read scaling, not automatic failover.

Option D is wrong because cross-Region read replicas are for disaster recovery, not automatic failover within a Region.

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224
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 3 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The migration must have minimal downtime. The current database uses Transparent Data Encryption (TDE). Which TWO steps are necessary to complete the migration? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Set the source database recovery model to simple to reduce log size.
B.Export the TDE certificate and private key from the source and import them to the target RDS instance.
C.Use native SQL Server backup and restore to S3.
D.Use AWS SCT to convert the schema to Amazon Aurora.
E.Enable full supplemental logging on the source database for DMS CDC.
AnswersB, E

Required to decrypt data on target.

Why this answer

Options A and C are correct. TDE requires exporting the certificate to decrypt at the target. DMS CDC requires full supplemental logging.

Option B is wrong because SCT is not needed. Option D is wrong because the database must be in full recovery model for CDC. Option E is wrong because using a backup over S3 is possible but does not address TDE or CDC.

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225
Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO of the following are required when migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle using AWS DMS with change data capture (CDC)? (Select TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Use AWS SCT to assess schema compatibility.
B.Create a full backup of the source database.
C.Enable supplemental logging on the source Oracle database.
D.Set up Oracle Data Guard for replication.
E.Manually create target tables in RDS.
AnswersA, C

Required for schema conversion.

Why this answer

For Oracle CDC, DMS requires supplemental logging to capture changes, and an SCT assessment is needed for schema compatibility. Full backup is not required, and native replication is not used. DMS creates target tables automatically.

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