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CCNA Deployment and Migration Questions

75 of 353 questions · Page 1/5 · Deployment and Migration · Answers revealed

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1

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 10 TB Oracle Data Warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The source database runs on premises with limited bandwidth (100 Mbps). The migration must complete within 5 days. Which approach is most cost-effective and meets the timeline?

A.Use AWS DMS over the internet to migrate data.

B.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the initial full load, then AWS DMS for ongoing changes.

C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert and then upload to S3.

D.Use AWS DMS with AWS Direct Connect at 1 Gbps.

AnswerB

Snowball is fast and cost-effective for large data transfer.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Snowball Edge can transfer 10 TB in days, then use DMS for ongoing sync. Option A is wrong because 100 Mbps would take ~11 days for full load alone. Option B is wrong because direct DMS over 100 Mbps would take too long for initial load.

Option D is wrong because SCT is not a data transfer tool.

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2

MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to a user who will manage AWS DMS tasks. When the user tries to start a replication task, they receive an access denied error. What is the most likely cause?

A.The policy does not allow rds:DescribeDBInstances

B.The policy does not allow the dms:StartReplicationTask action

C.The policy is missing permissions to describe endpoints and connections

D.The policy does not allow dms:CreateReplicationTask

AnswerC

To start a replication task, DMS needs to describe endpoints and connections; these actions are missing from the policy.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because the policy does not include dms:StartReplicationTask, only dms:StartReplicationTask is not present (the action is StartReplicationTask, not StartReplicationTask? Actually the policy has StartReplicationTask, so that should be fine. Wait, the policy does include dms:StartReplicationTask. So the error might be due to missing DescribeEndpoints.

Option D is plausible. Let's re-evaluate. The policy includes StartReplicationTask, so A is not correct.

The user might need dms:DescribeEndpoints to start a task. So D is correct.

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3

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 500 GB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have a recovery point objective (RPO) of less than 5 minutes and a recovery time objective (RTO) of less than 30 minutes. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Create a read replica of the on-premises database and promote it.

B.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication.

C.Take a full backup using pg_basebackup and restore to Aurora.

D.Use pg_dump to export the database and import into Aurora.

AnswerB

Ongoing replication achieves low RPO.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS with ongoing replication can achieve an RPO of less than 5 minutes by continuously replicating changes, and the RTO can be met by cutting over quickly. Option A is wrong because a full backup and restore has an RPO of hours. Option C is wrong because pg_dump export/import has an RPO of the time of the dump.

Option D is wrong because creating a read replica from on-premises is not possible.

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4

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which AWS service should be used to accomplish this?

A.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)

B.AWS DataSync

C.AWS Glue

D.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

AnswerD

AWS DMS supports minimal-downtime migrations and ongoing replication.

Why this answer

AWS DMS is the correct choice because it supports homogeneous migrations (Oracle to Oracle) with minimal downtime through ongoing replication using change data capture (CDC). It can handle a 2 TB database by using a large enough replication instance and enabling task logging for validation, ensuring data consistency during the migration.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates might confuse AWS DMS with AWS SCT, assuming schema conversion is needed for an Oracle-to-Oracle migration, but DMS handles both schema and data migration natively for homogeneous migrations without requiring SCT.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because AWS SCT is used for schema conversion when migrating between heterogeneous database engines (e.g., Oracle to Aurora PostgreSQL), not for ongoing replication or minimal-downtime migration within the same engine. Option B is wrong because AWS DataSync is designed for transferring large files over NFS/SMB to Amazon S3 or EFS, not for database-level replication or CDC. Option C is wrong because AWS Glue is an ETL service for data preparation and analytics, not for live database migration with ongoing replication.

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5

MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to a user. The user attempts to create an RDS DB instance named 'new-prod-db' with Oracle Standard Edition Two engine. What will happen?

A.The request will fail because the Deny condition matches the engine.

B.The request will fail because there is no Allow for 'new-prod-db'.

C.The request will succeed because the Allow matches the name pattern.

D.The request will succeed because the Deny is not effective for 'new-prod-db'.

AnswerA

Explicit Deny for Oracle denies the action.

Why this answer

The policy has an Allow for db names starting with 'new-' and a Deny for Oracle engine. Since there is an explicit Deny for Oracle, the request will be denied due to the Deny override. The Allow does not apply because the Deny is more specific and takes precedence.

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6

Matchingmedium

Match each database engine to its default port number.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts

Matches

3306

5432

1521

1433

3306

Why these pairings

Default ports for common relational database engines.

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7

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They need to minimize downtime and are using AWS DMS with CDC. The migration is taking longer than expected during the full load phase. Which change would most likely improve the full load performance?

A.Disable CDC to focus on full load only

B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool to optimize schema

C.Use a larger RDS instance class for the target

D.Increase the number of parallel load tasks in the DMS task settings

AnswerD

More parallel tasks can load data faster.

Why this answer

Increasing the number of parallel load tasks in the DMS task settings allows the full load to be split into multiple concurrent threads, each handling a subset of tables or partitions. This directly improves throughput by utilizing more of the available source and target resources, which is the most effective way to accelerate a slow full load phase when using AWS DMS with CDC.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume a larger target instance (Option C) is the universal performance fix, but AWS DMS full load performance is more commonly limited by the parallelism of the load tasks, not the target instance size, especially when the target can keep up with writes.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because disabling CDC would stop capturing ongoing changes, potentially increasing downtime when CDC is re-enabled later, and it does not address the root cause of slow full load performance. Option B is wrong because the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) is used for converting database schemas between different engines (e.g., Oracle to SQL Server), not for optimizing performance of an existing SQL Server migration to RDS for SQL Server. Option C is wrong because while a larger RDS instance class can improve target write performance, the bottleneck during full load is often the DMS replication instance or the source database's ability to export data, not the target instance size alone; increasing parallel load tasks is a more direct and effective tuning parameter.

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8

MCQeasy

A company is deploying a new web application that uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database must be highly available with automatic failover across two Availability Zones. Which deployment option meets this requirement?

A.Deploy RDS PostgreSQL in a cross-region replication setup.

B.Deploy RDS PostgreSQL with Multi-AZ configuration.

C.Deploy RDS PostgreSQL in a single Availability Zone.

D.Deploy RDS PostgreSQL with a read replica in another AZ.

AnswerB

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover.

Why this answer

Multi-AZ deployment provides automatic failover. Option B (single-AZ) lacks HA. Option C (read replica) is for read scaling, not automatic failover.

Option D (cross-region) is more complex and costly.

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9

Drag & Dropmedium

Arrange the steps to enable automated backups for an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the correct order.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps

Order

Why this order

Automated backups are enabled by adjusting the backup retention period in the instance settings and applying the change.

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10

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a 10 GB MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. They have a 1 Gbps connection to AWS. The migration must be completed in the least amount of time with minimal manual effort. Which tool should be used?

A.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT).

B.AWS Snowball Edge.

C.mysqldump and mysql command-line tools.

D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS).

AnswerD

DMS automates the migration process and can complete quickly over high bandwidth.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS is a fully managed service that can migrate data efficiently with minimal manual effort. Option B is wrong because mysqldump requires manual steps and downtime. Option C is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration.

Option D is wrong because Snowball is overkill for 10 GB.

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11

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. They want to minimize downtime and use AWS DMS for ongoing replication. The source database is in a corporate data center behind a firewall. What is the recommended network setup for the DMS replication instance?

A.Deploy the DMS replication instance in a VPC that has a VPN or AWS Direct Connect connection to the corporate data center.

B.Launch the DMS replication instance with a public IP address and allow inbound traffic from the corporate firewall.

C.Create a VPC endpoint for the DMS service and route traffic through it.

D.Install the DMS replication software on a server in the corporate data center to connect directly to the source.

AnswerA

This provides a private network path for DMS to access the source database.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because DMS replication instances are deployed in a VPC, and to connect to an on-premises database, you need a VPN or Direct Connect for a private connection. Option A is wrong because DMS cannot use a public IP for the source; it needs network connectivity. Option C is wrong because DMS replication instances are not deployed in a corporate data center.

Option D is wrong because DMS does not support VPC endpoints for source connectivity; it uses standard IP connectivity.

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12

MCQhard

A company is deploying a new application that requires low-latency reads from a relational database across multiple AWS Regions. The application is read-heavy and can tolerate eventual consistency. Which deployment option meets these requirements?

A.Deploy Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with Multi-AZ and read replicas in the same Region.

B.Deploy a single Amazon RDS for MySQL instance with cross-Region read replicas.

C.Deploy Amazon Aurora Global Database with a primary Region and read replicas in secondary Regions.

D.Deploy Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables in multiple Regions.

AnswerC

Aurora Global Database provides low-latency reads in secondary Regions with eventual consistency.

Why this answer

Option D (Aurora Global Database with read replicas in secondary Regions) is correct because it provides low-latency reads and eventual consistency. Option A (Single RDS instance with cross-Region read replicas) is possible but read replicas are asynchronous and may have more lag. Option B (DynamoDB Global Tables) is NoSQL.

Option C (RDS Multi-AZ) is within a single region.

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13

Multi-Selecthard

A company is planning to migrate a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database contains large objects (LOBs) and uses stored procedures. Which TWO steps should the company take as part of the migration? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers

A.Set up AWS DMS ongoing replication to keep the target in sync after migration.

B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the Oracle schema and stored procedures to PostgreSQL-compatible format.

C.Configure AWS DMS with full LOB mode to migrate large objects.

D.Use AWS DMS native Oracle to PostgreSQL endpoint to migrate data without schema conversion.

E.Enable RDS Proxy to reduce connection overhead during migration.

AnswersB, C

SCT converts schema and code objects like stored procedures.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) is specifically designed to convert Oracle schema objects, including stored procedures, to PostgreSQL-compatible format. Since the migration involves stored procedures, SCT is necessary to handle the syntax and logic differences between Oracle PL/SQL and PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, ensuring the target database schema is ready for migration.

Exam trap

AWS often tests the misconception that DMS can handle schema conversion automatically, but DMS only migrates data; schema conversion requires a separate tool like SCT.

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14

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 3 TB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime. The on-premises network bandwidth to AWS is 1 Gbps. The database supports a critical application that cannot be stopped for more than 30 minutes. The migration team has set up AWS DMS with ongoing replication using CDC. The initial full load is expected to take 8 hours. During the migration, the DMS task fails with an error indicating that the source database's transaction log is being cleaned before DMS can capture changes. The source database has a transaction log retention period of 24 hours. The migration team notices that the CDC phase falls behind during peak hours. What should the team do to complete the migration successfully within the downtime window?

A.Use AWS Snowball to transfer the full database and then use DMS for CDC

B.Increase the network bandwidth using AWS Direct Connect

C.Increase the transaction log retention period on the source database and use a larger DMS replication instance

D.Decrease the transaction log retention period to free up space

AnswerC

Longer log retention prevents cleanup before DMS captures changes; larger instance boosts CDC throughput.

Why this answer

The issue is that DMS cannot keep up with changes during peak hours, causing the transaction logs to be cleaned before DMS reads them. Increasing the source database's transaction log retention period gives DMS more time to catch up. Using a larger DMS replication instance will increase processing capacity.

Option C is the best combination. Option A (Snowball) would take too long. Option B (Direct Connect) doesn't solve the log retention issue.

Option D (decrease retention) makes the problem worse.

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15

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database has a large number of stored procedures, triggers, and functions. The company wants to minimize changes to the application code. Which AWS service should be used to assess and convert the database schema?

A.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)

B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

C.AWS CloudEndure Migration

D.AWS CodeCommit

AnswerA

SCT assesses and converts schema objects to the target database.

Why this answer

AWS SCT is specifically designed to assess and convert database schemas, including stored procedures, to Amazon RDS. DMS focuses on data migration. CloudEndure is for server migration.

CodeCommit is for code versioning.

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16

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 1 TB Microsoft SQL Server database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The on-premises database uses TDE for encryption. The company must ensure that the migrated database in RDS also uses TDE. Which solution meets this requirement?

A.Export the on-premises database with TDE certificates and import them into RDS.

B.Take a native backup of the on-premises database with TDE, upload to S3, and restore to RDS.

C.Use AWS SCT to convert the database to Amazon Aurora and enable encryption.

D.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication to an RDS instance that has TDE enabled.

AnswerD

DMS can migrate data to an RDS instance with TDE enabled, and the data will be encrypted at rest.

Why this answer

RDS for SQL Server supports TDE using transparent data encryption. The DMS replication can preserve encryption if the target is configured correctly. Option A requires manual certificate management not supported in RDS.

Option B uses non-TDE encryption. Option D requires downtime.

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17

MCQeasy

A developer is deploying an application that uses Amazon DynamoDB as its database. The application experiences sudden spikes in traffic. Which DynamoDB feature should the developer use to handle the spikes without manual intervention?

A.DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)

B.DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode

C.DynamoDB auto scaling

D.DynamoDB global tables

AnswerC

Auto scaling adjusts read/write capacity automatically based on traffic.

Why this answer

DynamoDB auto scaling adjusts capacity based on traffic patterns. Option A is incorrect because on-demand capacity is suitable for unpredictable workloads but may be more expensive. Option C is incorrect because DAX is a caching layer, not a scaling feature.

Option D is incorrect because global tables are for multi-Region replication.

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18

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. They want to automate the deployment of the RDS instance using infrastructure as code. Which AWS service should they use?

A.Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling.

B.AWS Management Console.

C.AWS CloudFormation.

D.AWS Command Line Interface (CLI).

AnswerC

CloudFormation enables declarative provisioning of RDS instances.

Why this answer

AWS CloudFormation is the correct service for automating the deployment of an RDS for PostgreSQL instance using infrastructure as code. It allows you to define the entire RDS instance configuration—including DB instance class, storage, backup retention, and security groups—in a declarative JSON or YAML template, which can be version-controlled and reused for consistent, repeatable deployments.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse the AWS CLI (a scripting tool) with infrastructure as code, but the CLI lacks the declarative, state-management, and drift-detection capabilities that define true IaC services like CloudFormation.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is designed to automatically adjust the number of EC2 instances based on demand, not to provision or manage RDS instances; it cannot create or configure a PostgreSQL database. Option B is wrong because the AWS Management Console is a manual, point-and-click interface that does not support infrastructure as code or automation; it is not suitable for repeatable, version-controlled deployments. Option D is wrong because the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a scripting tool that can automate RDS creation via commands, but it is not an infrastructure-as-code service—it lacks declarative templates, drift detection, and stack management capabilities that CloudFormation provides.

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19

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 500 GB database from Amazon RDS for MySQL to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration must be completed with minimal downtime and no data loss. The RDS instance is Multi-AZ. Which approach should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from RDS to Aurora

B.Take a snapshot of the RDS instance and restore to Aurora

C.Set up native MySQL replication from the RDS Multi-AZ standby to Aurora

D.Create an Aurora MySQL read replica from the RDS MySQL instance, then promote it

AnswerD

Aurora MySQL supports creating a read replica from RDS MySQL, allowing minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because creating an Aurora read replica from the RDS MySQL instance allows for a nearly zero-downtime promotion. Option B is wrong because a snapshot restore is offline. Option C is wrong because DMS would introduce additional complexity and potential data loss.

Option D is wrong because replication from a Multi-AZ standby is not supported.

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20

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. They want to use Oracle GoldenGate for replication. Which AWS service can be used to simplify the setup of GoldenGate on AWS?

A.AWS DMS

B.Amazon RDS for Oracle with GoldenGate enabled

C.AWS CloudFormation

D.AWS Marketplace

AnswerD

Marketplace offers pre-configured GoldenGate AMIs for EC2.

Why this answer

AWS DMS can use Oracle GoldenGate as a source or target when configured, but it's not a managed GoldenGate service. AWS Marketplace offers pre-configured GoldenGate images. EC2 can be used to install GoldenGate manually.

RDS does not support installing GoldenGate directly.

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21

MCQhard

A team is deploying a new Amazon Aurora MySQL database and needs to load 5 TB of data from an existing Amazon RDS for MySQL database with minimal downtime. The data is stored in InnoDB tables. Which approach is MOST efficient?

A.Take a snapshot of the RDS for MySQL instance and restore to Aurora

B.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication

C.Use mysqldump to export the database and import into Aurora

D.Create an Aurora read replica from the RDS for MySQL instance using binlog replication

AnswerD

This method minimizes downtime by replicating data continuously.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because creating an Aurora read replica from an RDS for MySQL instance using binlog replication allows the Aurora cluster to synchronize with the source database in near real-time. Once the replica lag reaches zero, you can promote the Aurora cluster to become the primary database, achieving minimal downtime. This approach leverages the native MySQL binlog replication, which is efficient for large datasets like 5 TB and avoids the overhead of exporting or snapshotting the entire database.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often assume AWS DMS is the best tool for all migrations, but for homogeneous MySQL-to-Aurora migrations with large datasets and minimal downtime, native binlog replication is more efficient because it avoids the overhead of DMS's change data capture (CDC) and schema conversion layers.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because taking a snapshot of the RDS for MySQL instance and restoring it to Aurora requires a significant downtime window to ensure data consistency, and the snapshot does not capture ongoing changes, so it cannot achieve minimal downtime. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication can be used, but it is less efficient for a 5 TB dataset compared to binlog replication due to the overhead of the DMS transformation engine and the need to handle schema conversion; additionally, DMS may introduce additional latency and complexity for a homogeneous MySQL-to-Aurora migration. Option C is wrong because using mysqldump to export and import 5 TB of data would require a prolonged downtime period, as the export locks tables or requires a consistent snapshot, and the import process is slow, making it unsuitable for minimal downtime.

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22

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 5 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database has a 4-hour maintenance window weekly. Which migration approach minimizes downtime?

A.Use Oracle Data Pump to export and pg_restore to import.

B.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture (CDC).

C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert schema and then copy data.

D.Use AWS DMS full load only and then manually sync.

AnswerB

DMS with CDC provides near-zero downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS supports ongoing replication with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because native export/import requires downtime. Option C is wrong because it adds unnecessary complexity.

Option D is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration.

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23

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a new application that requires a relational database with automatic failover and cross-Region disaster recovery. The application is read-heavy and expects up to 10 GB of data. Which combination of AWS services should be used?

A.Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ and a read replica in another Region

B.Amazon S3 with AWS Glue and Amazon Athena

C.Amazon Aurora with Multi-AZ and an Aurora global database

D.Amazon DynamoDB with global tables

AnswerC

Aurora global database provides cross-Region replication and fast failover.

Why this answer

Aurora with Multi-AZ and cross-Region replica provides high availability and DR. Option A is incorrect because RDS Multi-AZ does not provide cross-Region DR. Option C is incorrect because S3 and Athena are not relational databases.

Option D is incorrect because DynamoDB global tables are for NoSQL.

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24

Multi-Selecteasy

Which TWO options are valid methods for migrating an on-premises SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server with minimal downtime? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers

A.Use AWS CloudEndure to replicate the entire server.

B.Copy the database files to Amazon S3 and restore to RDS.

C.Use SQL Server Import/Export Wizard.

D.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from the source.

E.Use native backup and restore with log shipping to RDS.

AnswersD, E

DMS can perform continuous replication to keep the target in sync.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct because AWS DMS with ongoing replication and native backup/restore with log shipping can minimize downtime. Option A is wrong because import/export is offline. Option C is wrong because S3 is not used for direct migration.

Option E is wrong because CloudEndure is for servers.

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25

MCQhard

A company wants to migrate a 2 TB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database has high write throughput and the migration must have minimal impact on source performance. Which solution is MOST appropriate?

A.Create a read replica of the on-premises database and promote it to Aurora.

B.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from the source to Aurora.

C.Use pglogical to set up logical replication from the source to Aurora.

D.Set up native PostgreSQL streaming replication from on-premises to Aurora.

AnswerC

pglogical provides logical replication with minimal overhead on the source.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because using pglogical for logical replication allows near real-time replication with minimal overhead on the source. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS with ongoing replication can add some overhead to the source due to continuous fetching of changes. Option B is wrong because native PostgreSQL streaming replication requires the source to be a primary server and may cause performance impact.

Option D is wrong because using a read replica reduces performance impact but requires a replica already set up.

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26

MCQhard

A media company is migrating a 5 TB MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. The migration must have minimal downtime. The source MongoDB uses sharding across 10 shards. Which migration strategy is MOST appropriate?

A.Use native MongoDB replication to sync to DocumentDB

B.Use AWS DMS with MongoDB as source and DocumentDB as target, enabling CDC

C.Export data to S3 and use AWS Glue to load into DocumentDB

D.Use mongoexport to export data and mongoimport to import into DocumentDB

AnswerB

DMS supports MongoDB to DocumentDB migration with CDC for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because DocumentDB supports reading from MongoDB oplog for CDC, enabling minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because mongoexport/import is offline. Option C is wrong because S3 is not suitable for CDC.

Option D is wrong because DMS does not support DocumentDB as a target.

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27

MCQeasy

A company wants to migrate a 500 GB SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server with the least amount of downtime. The on-premises network has a 1 Gbps connection to AWS. Which approach should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication from on-premises to RDS

B.Use AWS Snowball to transfer the database backup, then restore to RDS

C.Copy database files to S3 and then use RDS import

D.Use native SQL Server backup to S3, then restore to RDS

AnswerA

DMS with CDC minimizes downtime by synchronizing changes until cutover.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows for minimal downtime by keeping the target in sync until cutover. Option A is wrong because native backup/restore requires downtime during the restore. Option C is wrong because S3 is not a direct migration path.

Option D is wrong because Snowball requires shipping time and is not minimal downtime.

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28

MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises DynamoDB table to Amazon DynamoDB in another AWS region. What is the most efficient method to migrate the data?

A.Use DynamoDB global tables to replicate data across regions.

B.Export the table to S3 using AWS Data Pipeline, then import into DynamoDB in the target region.

C.Set up DynamoDB Streams and write a custom consumer to replicate data to the target region.

D.Use AWS DMS to replicate data from on-premises to DynamoDB.

AnswerA

Global tables automatically replicate data across regions, simplifying migration.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because DynamoDB global tables provide multi-region replication with minimal effort. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS does not support DynamoDB as a source. Option C is wrong because S3 export/import is an additional step.

Option D is wrong because setting up replication manually is less efficient than using global tables.

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29

MCQmedium

A company is planning to migrate a MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. The database has several sharded collections. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Set up MongoDB replica set to replicate directly to DocumentDB.

B.Use AWS DMS with MongoDB as source and DocumentDB as target, enabling ongoing replication.

C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema, then manually migrate data.

D.Export data using mongodump and import using mongorestore.

AnswerB

DMS supports homogeneous migration with minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS supports MongoDB as a source and DocumentDB as a target for continuous migration. Option B is wrong because mongodump/mongorestore does not handle sharding well and requires downtime. Option C is wrong because DocumentDB does not support native replication from MongoDB.

Option D is wrong because DocumentDB does not have a sharding feature like MongoDB.

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30

MCQhard

An e-commerce company is migrating its PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database has multiple large tables (over 500 GB each) and the migration window is only 2 hours. Which strategy would be MOST effective to meet the time constraint?

A.Use a single DMS task with full LOB mode.

B.Use AWS DMS with parallel load by splitting tables into multiple tasks.

C.Increase the RDS instance size and use pg_dump.

D.Use AWS SCT to optimize schema and then one DMS task.

AnswerB

Parallel load accelerates migration.

Why this answer

AWS DMS parallel load with multiple tasks allows concurrent data transfer, reducing total time. Increasing instance size alone may not be enough if the network is the bottleneck. SCT doesn't speed up data transfer.

Homogeneous migration doesn't require SCT, but parallel load is more effective.

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31

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 5 TB Microsoft SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The migration must have minimal downtime. The source database is hosted on an EC2 instance. Which combination of steps should be taken?

A.Take a native backup of the source, upload to S3, and restore to RDS

B.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication

C.Create an RDS read replica from the EC2-hosted database

D.Use the SQL Server Import and Export Wizard

AnswerA

Native backup/restore is efficient for large databases and supports minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because taking a native backup of the source database, uploading it to S3, and restoring to RDS is the most efficient method for large databases with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS with ongoing replication is a viable option but may be slower for initial load. Option C is wrong because creating a read replica from an EC2-hosted database is not supported.

Option D is wrong because using the Import Export wizard is manual and not suitable for large databases.

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32

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which AWS service should be used?

A.AWS DMS

B.AWS Snowball Edge

C.AWS S3

D.RDS native PostgreSQL logical replication

AnswerA

DMS supports ongoing replication from on-premises to RDS, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) supports ongoing replication from on-premises to RDS with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because S3 is for storage, not database migration. Option B is wrong because Snowball is for large data transfer, not ongoing replication.

Option D is wrong because RDS does not support native pglogical replication from on-premises easily.

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33

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 5 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must be completed within a weekend. The on-premises network has a 1 Gbps connection to AWS. What is the MOST efficient migration strategy?

A.Use AWS S3 Transfer Acceleration to upload the database dump to S3 and then load into Aurora

B.Use AWS DMS with direct connect to export the Oracle database directly to Aurora

C.Use AWS DMS with change data capture over the existing network connection

D.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the data and then load into Aurora

AnswerD

Snowball Edge provides fast offline transfer, avoiding bandwidth limitations.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS Snowball Edge can transfer the data offline faster than over a 1 Gbps link (5 TB at 1 Gbps would take ~11 hours, but with overhead and network issues, Snowball is more reliable). Option A is wrong because DMS over 1 Gbps may not complete within a weekend for 5 TB with limited bandwidth. Option C is wrong because S3 Transfer Acceleration does not help with database migration to Aurora directly.

Option D is wrong because Aurora does not support direct export from Oracle.

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34

MCQeasy

Refer to the exhibit. A company is migrating from an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The DBA wants to connect to the RDS instance using the endpoint shown. What additional step is required to allow the DBA's client to connect?

A.Modify the security group to allow inbound traffic on port 3306 from the client IP

B.Create a Route 53 record for the endpoint

C.Create a MySQL user that matches the client's IP

D.Change the RDS instance to be publicly accessible

AnswerA

Security group rules control inbound traffic; port 3306 must be open.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because by default, RDS instances do not allow inbound traffic; a security group must allow traffic on port 3306. Option A is wrong because the endpoint is already public if the instance is public. Option B is wrong because the user already exists.

Option D is wrong because the DNS endpoint is already provided.

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35

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must be completed within 6 hours with minimal downtime. The on-premises network bandwidth is 500 Mbps. The team decides to use AWS DMS. During initial full load, DMS reports a 'Target metadata error: cannot write to Aurora' for a specific table. Investigation shows that the table has a trigger that tries to insert into an external web service. What should the team do to resolve this issue?

A.Disable the trigger on the target Aurora database during migration.

B.Increase the DMS replication instance size.

C.Upgrade the DMS replication instance engine version.

D.Disable the trigger on the source database.

AnswerA

Prevents the trigger from interfering with DMS writes.

Why this answer

Option C is correct: disabling triggers on the target prevents external calls during migration. Option A is wrong because the issue is not about DMS version. Option B is wrong because disabling the trigger on the source does not help.

Option D is wrong because increasing instance size does not fix the trigger issue.

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36

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application must be highly available with automatic failover in the event of a database failure. Which configuration should be used?

A.Deploy a Multi-AZ RDS instance with a standby in a different Availability Zone

B.Use a read replica in a different Availability Zone

C.Deploy the RDS instance in a single Availability Zone with automated backups

D.Deploy the RDS instance in a Cross-Region replication configuration

AnswerA

Multi-AZ provides automatic failover for high availability.

Why this answer

Multi-AZ deployment with a standby instance in a different Availability Zone provides automatic failover. Read replicas are for read scaling, not failover. Single-AZ has no automatic failover.

Cross-Region replication is for disaster recovery, not automatic failover.

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37

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a new application on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The application requires a database with a specific parameter group that sets 'max_connections' to 500 and 'shared_buffers' to 25% of the instance memory. The company uses CloudFormation to deploy the RDS instance. The CloudFormation template creates a DBInstance with a DBParameterGroup. The deployment fails because the parameter group cannot be associated with the DB instance. What is the most likely cause?

A.The parameter group uses an invalid value for 'shared_buffers' because it must be an integer, not a percentage.

B.The 'max_connections' value of 500 exceeds the allowed maximum for the instance class.

C.The CloudFormation template does not include a DependsOn clause linking the DBParameterGroup to the DBInstance.

D.The DBParameterGroup is not in the same region as the DBInstance.

AnswerA

RDS requires absolute values for 'shared_buffers', not percentages.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because RDS does not allow setting 'shared_buffers' as a percentage; it must be an integer value. Option A is wrong because parameter groups can be created in CloudFormation. Option B is wrong because 'max_connections' can be modified.

Option C is wrong because the parameter group family must match the engine version.

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38

MCQmedium

A company is deploying an Amazon RDS for MySQL database in a VPC. The database must be accessible only from a specific set of application servers in the same VPC. Which configuration provides the most secure access?

A.Set the security group inbound rule to allow all traffic from the VPC CIDR

B.Place the RDS instance in a separate subnet group

C.Set the RDS instance to publicly accessible

D.Set the security group inbound rule to reference the security group of the application servers

AnswerD

Restricts access to resources with that security group.

Why this answer

Using a security group that references the application servers' security group is the most secure because it allows traffic based on security group ID, not IP. Option A (publicly accessible) is insecure. Option B (all traffic from VPC CIDR) is too broad.

Option D (database subnet group) does not control ingress traffic.

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39

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size and has a high write workload. The company needs to minimize downtime during the migration. Which AWS service or feature should the company use to achieve this?

A.Use pg_dump and pg_restore to export and import the database.

B.Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with ongoing replication.

C.Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the schema and migrate data.

D.Use AWS DataSync to replicate the database files.

AnswerB

AWS DMS supports ongoing replication via change data capture, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication (change data capture, CDC) is the correct choice because it allows continuous synchronization of the source PostgreSQL database with the target RDS for PostgreSQL instance after an initial full load. This minimizes downtime by enabling the target to stay up-to-date with changes until the cutover, which is critical for a 2 TB database with a high write workload.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse AWS DMS with AWS SCT, assuming SCT is needed for same-engine migrations, but SCT is only required for heterogeneous migrations, not for PostgreSQL to RDS PostgreSQL.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because pg_dump and pg_restore are logical backup and restore tools that require the source database to be quiesced or taken offline during the export, causing significant downtime, and they do not support ongoing replication for a near-zero-downtime migration. Option C is wrong because AWS SCT is used for schema conversion when migrating between different database engines (e.g., Oracle to PostgreSQL), not for migrating within the same engine (PostgreSQL to RDS PostgreSQL), and it does not handle data migration or ongoing replication. Option D is wrong because AWS DataSync is designed for file-based data transfers (e.g., NFS, SMB) and cannot replicate live PostgreSQL database files or support transactional consistency and ongoing change capture for a relational database.

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40

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 5 TB in size and has a daily change rate of 2%. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema, then use AWS DMS for full load only.

B.Create an RDS read replica in the same region and promote it.

C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication from the source database.

D.Export the database to a dump file using Oracle Data Pump, upload to S3, and restore to RDS.

AnswerC

DMS with ongoing replication enables continuous sync and minimal downtime.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows continuous data sync with minimal downtime. Option A (AWS SCT + DMS) is not ideal because SCT is for schema conversion, not needed here. Option C (export/import) causes downtime.

Option D (RDS read replica) is for within AWS, not on-premises to RDS.

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41

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 500 GB MySQL database from an on-premises server to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The company uses AWS DMS with ongoing replication. The initial full load completes successfully, and the target RDS instance is in sync. However, after a few hours, the replication task fails with an error: 'Last Error: Error executing source loop; The table 'orders' has a row size larger than the maximum payload size of the target endpoint.' The target RDS instance is configured with db.r5.large and the default parameter group. The company has already verified that the table does not have any BLOB or TEXT columns. What is the MOST likely cause of this error?

A.The DMS task is using a low-memory instance.

B.The source table has a row that exceeds the MySQL row size limit.

C.The target RDS instance's max_allowed_packet parameter is set too low.

D.The target RDS instance does not have enough storage allocated.

AnswerB

MySQL enforces a row size limit; DMS cannot insert rows exceeding it.

Why this answer

RDS for MySQL has a maximum row size limit (65,535 bytes). DMS attempts to insert a row that exceeds this limit. Increasing the instance size does not change the row size limit.

Using a different storage engine might help, but InnoDB is default. Enabling compression reduces row size but is not a direct solution for the DMS error.

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42

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 500 GB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. They need to validate the migration and ensure data consistency. Which TWO methods should they use?

Select 2 answers

A.Use Amazon S3 inventory reports on the exported data.

B.Use AWS DMS data validation feature.

C.Run random SELECT queries on a subset of tables.

D.Compare row counts and checksums on both databases.

E.Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to compare database logs.

AnswersB, D

DMS validation compares source and target data automatically.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct. AWS DMS provides data validation, and comparing row counts and checksums can verify consistency. Option A is wrong because CloudWatch does not validate data.

Option C is wrong because querying random rows is not comprehensive. Option E is wrong because S3 inventory is unrelated to database consistency.

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43

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 3 TB Oracle database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The migration must have zero downtime. The on-premises server uses Oracle Data Guard for disaster recovery. The network bandwidth is 200 Mbps. The team plans to use AWS DMS with CDC from Oracle redo logs. During the initial full load, DMS reports that the source table 'ORDERS' has a table-level supplemental log missing. The migration fails. What should the team do first to resolve this issue?

A.Switch to Oracle GoldenGate for migration.

B.Use AWS SCT to convert the schema and then use a native export/import.

C.Enable supplemental logging on the Oracle source database for the 'ORDERS' table.

D.Recreate the DMS task with 'full load only' to bypass CDC.

AnswerC

Required for DMS CDC to capture changes.

Why this answer

Option B is correct: the missing supplemental log prevents DMS from capturing changes. Option A is wrong because re-creating the task without fixing the log will fail again. Option C is wrong because using a different tool may not address the root cause.

Option D is wrong because disabling CDC would cause downtime.

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44

MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database uses InnoDB tables and is 500 GB in size. The migration must be completed within a 2-hour maintenance window. Which approach is MOST likely to meet the requirement?

A.Create a read replica of the on-premises database and promote it to RDS.

B.Use mysqldump to export the database and then import it into RDS.

C.Use AWS DMS with a full load task.

D.Take a physical backup of the data directory and copy it to RDS.

AnswerB

mysqldump with --single-transaction provides a consistent export without locking.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because using mysqldump with the --single-transaction flag exports a consistent snapshot without locking tables, and the data can be imported into RDS within the window if network bandwidth is sufficient. Option B is wrong because importing a physical backup from an on-premises database to RDS is not straightforward; RDS does not support backup file import directly. Option C is wrong because AWS DMS requires initial load and may not complete within 2 hours for 500 GB.

Option D is wrong because creating a read replica requires the source to be an RDS instance, not on-premises.

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45

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 500 GB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. They need to convert the schema and migrate the data. The application uses Oracle-specific features like hierarchical queries and stored procedures. Which combination of services should they use?

A.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the database files and then use SCT to convert the schema.

B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema and AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate the data.

C.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with the Oracle as source and Aurora PostgreSQL as target.

D.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the schema and then manually export/import data.

AnswerB

SCT converts the schema including Oracle-specific features, and DMS migrates the data efficiently.

Why this answer

Option D (SCT for schema conversion, DMS for data migration) is correct because SCT converts Oracle schema including stored procedures and hierarchical queries, and DMS migrates the data. Option A (DMS only) does not convert schema. Option B (SCT only) does not migrate data.

Option C (Snowball with SCT) is for large data transfers but not for ongoing replication or schema conversion of complex features.

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46

MCQhard

A company is deploying a globally distributed application that requires a low-latency, highly available database with multi-region write support. The application needs to handle conflicts automatically. Which AWS database solution meets these requirements?

A.Amazon Aurora Global Database

B.Amazon ElastiCache for Redis global datastore

C.Amazon DynamoDB global tables

D.Amazon RDS Multi-AZ with cross-region read replicas

AnswerC

DynamoDB global tables provide multi-region, multi-master writes with automatic conflict resolution.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Amazon DynamoDB global tables provide multi-region, multi-master replication with automatic conflict resolution. Option A is wrong because Aurora Global Database supports cross-region replication but only one primary region for writes. Option B is wrong because RDS Multi-AZ is single-region.

Option D is wrong because ElastiCache is a caching layer, not a primary database.

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47

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. They need to minimize downtime and have a limited network bandwidth of 50 Mbps. The database size is 1 TB. What is the MOST effective approach?

A.Use AWS DMS with CDC over the network.

B.Use AWS SCT to compress data before transfer.

C.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer initial load, then DMS for CDC.

D.Use native SQL Server backup and restore to Amazon S3.

AnswerC

Snowball accelerates initial transfer, CDC handles changes.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the 1 TB database size combined with a 50 Mbps network bandwidth would require over 46 hours for the initial load, making a full network transfer impractical. AWS Snowball Edge allows you to transfer the initial 1 TB seed data offline via a physical appliance, bypassing bandwidth constraints. After the seed is loaded into RDS, AWS DMS with Change Data Capture (CDC) can then replicate ongoing changes over the network, minimizing downtime to only the final cutover window.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates assume DMS with CDC alone can handle the full migration, underestimating the time required for the initial load over limited bandwidth, and overlook the offline seeding option provided by Snowball Edge.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because using AWS DMS with CDC over the network for the full 1 TB initial load at 50 Mbps would take approximately 46+ hours, causing unacceptable downtime and risk of failure due to bandwidth limitations. Option B is wrong because AWS SCT compresses schema and code objects, not the actual data payload; it cannot compress the 1 TB database files for transfer, so it does not solve the bandwidth bottleneck. Option D is wrong because native SQL Server backup and restore to Amazon S3 requires uploading the full 1 TB backup file over the 50 Mbps network, which would take the same prohibitive amount of time as any other network-based approach, and it does not provide a CDC mechanism to minimize downtime.

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48

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which TWO AWS services should be used together to achieve this?

Select 2 answers

A.AWS DataSync

B.AWS CloudEndure Migration

C.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

D.AWS Direct Connect

E.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)

AnswersC, E

DMS provides ongoing replication for minimal downtime.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) is the correct choice because it is specifically designed for migrating databases to AWS with minimal downtime by using ongoing replication (change data capture, CDC) from the source PostgreSQL database to the target Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. This allows the source database to remain fully operational during the migration, and only a short cutover window is needed to switch applications to the target.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse AWS DataSync or CloudEndure Migration as viable for database migration, but neither supports the logical replication and schema conversion required for minimal-downtime PostgreSQL to RDS migration, while DMS and SCT are the only services that directly address both schema conversion and ongoing data replication.

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49

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size and has a sustained write rate of 50 MB/s. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which migration approach should be used?

A.Create an RDS read replica from the on-premises database

B.Use pg_dump and pg_restore

C.Use AWS DMS with a full-load task only

D.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication (change data capture)

AnswerD

Ongoing replication allows minimal downtime by continuously synchronizing changes.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication allows minimal downtime by continuously replicating changes from the source to the target. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS with full load only does not support ongoing replication, leading to downtime. Option B is wrong because pg_dump/pg_restore is a logical backup tool that requires downtime during the dump and restore process.

Option C is wrong because an RDS read replica can only be created from an existing RDS instance, not from on-premises.

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50

Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a 500 GB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. Which THREE steps should be part of the migration plan?

Select 3 answers

A.Use AWS Snowball to transfer the database files.

B.Set up AWS Direct Connect between on-premises and AWS.

C.Use AWS DMS to perform a full load and ongoing replication from Oracle to Aurora.

D.Use AWS SCT to convert the Oracle schema to PostgreSQL-compatible schema.

E.Validate the migrated data and test the application against the new database.

AnswersC, D, E

DMS supports Oracle as source and Aurora PostgreSQL as target.

Why this answer

Using SCT for schema conversion is necessary because Oracle and PostgreSQL have different syntax. DMS can migrate data with ongoing replication. After migration, testing is crucial to ensure functionality.

Direct Connect is optional. Snowball may be overkill for 500 GB. S3 is used for backup storage but not a required step.

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51

MCQeasy

A company is planning to deploy an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. Which of the following is a required step to enable automated backups?

A.Set the backup retention period to a value greater than 0.

B.Set a preferred maintenance window.

C.Enable encryption at rest.

D.Configure a Multi-AZ deployment.

AnswerA

Automated backups require a retention period > 0; default is 7 days.

Why this answer

Automated backups are enabled by default with a retention period of 7 days. No additional setup is required. Encryption is optional.

Multi-AZ is optional. Maintenance window is set by default.

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52

MCQhard

A company is migrating a 500 GB MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and the source database is already using binary logging. Which migration approach should be used?

A.Take a snapshot of the source database and restore to Aurora

B.Use AWS DMS with full load only

C.Set up binary log replication from the source to an Aurora MySQL cluster

D.Use mysqldump to export the data and import into Aurora

AnswerC

Binary log replication allows minimal downtime by continuously replicating changes.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because setting up replication from the source MySQL database to an Aurora MySQL cluster using binary log replication allows minimal downtime by continuously syncing changes. Option A is wrong because taking a snapshot and restoring requires downtime during the restore process. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS with full load only does not capture ongoing changes.

Option D is wrong because using mysqldump is a logical export/import that requires downtime.

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53

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 10 TB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The migration window is limited to 24 hours. The source database is running on-premises with a 500 Mbps network connection. Which migration approach should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication

B.Create an RDS read replica from the on-premises database

C.Take a physical backup of the source database and restore to RDS

D.Use Oracle Data Pump to export and import the database

AnswerA

DMS supports large data volumes and ongoing replication to minimize downtime.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS DMS with ongoing replication can handle large data volumes and minimize downtime by continuously replicating changes. Option B is wrong because Oracle Data Pump is a manual export/import process that requires downtime and may not complete within 24 hours if the network is slow. Option C is wrong because the source is on-premises, not an EC2 instance, so a read replica cannot be created.

Option D is wrong because taking a backup and restoring to RDS requires the backup to be transferred to S3 first, which may be time-consuming.

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54

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration must be completed with minimal downtime. Which TWO methods can achieve this? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers

A.Create an Aurora MySQL read replica from the external MySQL instance using binlog replication

B.Take a physical backup of the source database and restore to Aurora

C.Create an Aurora clone from the source database

D.Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with ongoing replication

E.Enable binlog replication on the source MySQL instance

AnswersA, D

This allows near-zero downtime replication.

Why this answer

Using an Aurora read replica from an external MySQL instance is possible via the MySQL binlog replication, but it requires setting up replication from on-premises to Aurora. This is a valid method for minimal downtime. Creating an Aurora clone is for cloning existing Aurora clusters, not migration.

Using DMS with ongoing replication is the standard approach. Taking a snapshot and restoring requires downtime. Enabling binlog replication is part of setting up a read replica.

So correct are B and D. Option A: clone is not for migration. Option C: snapshot restore requires downtime.

Option E: binlog replication alone is not a migration method; it's a configuration step.

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55

MCQmedium

An administrator is deploying an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance and needs to ensure that all connections use SSL. Which parameter should be set on the RDS DB instance?

A.Set ssl_cipher in the DB parameter group

B.Set require_secure_transport=ON in the DB parameter group

C.Set tls_version in the DB parameter group

D.Set rds.force_ssl=1 in the DB parameter group

AnswerB

This parameter forces all connections to use SSL/TLS.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because setting require_secure_transport to ON in the DB parameter group forces SSL connections. Option B is wrong because rds.force_ssl is not a valid parameter; the correct MySQL parameter is require_secure_transport. Option C is wrong because ssl_cipher is for specifying ciphers, not enforcing SSL.

Option D is wrong because tls_version sets the minimum TLS version, but does not enforce SSL.

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56

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which approach should be used?

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication (CDC).

B.Use mysqldump to export and import into Aurora.

C.Establish AWS Direct Connect and use MySQL replication.

D.Use AWS SCT to convert schema and data.

AnswerA

DMS with CDC minimizes downtime by replicating changes.

Why this answer

Using AWS DMS with change data capture (CDC) from an on-premises source allows continuous replication, minimizing downtime. A full dump and restore requires downtime. SCT is for schema conversion.

Direct connect alone doesn't handle migration.

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57

MCQeasy

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The company wants to minimize application changes. Which endpoint type should the application use after migration?

A.RDS reader endpoint

B.RDS cluster endpoint

C.RDS instance endpoint (DNS name)

D.RDS console endpoint

AnswerC

Application connects to the RDS instance endpoint.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the RDS instance endpoint (DNS name) is the standard connection endpoint for a single RDS DB instance, which is the target of a direct migration from on-premises MySQL to Amazon RDS for MySQL. This endpoint requires no application changes, as the application simply replaces the old on-premises hostname with the RDS instance DNS name, maintaining the same MySQL protocol and connection logic.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates confuse RDS instance endpoints with Aurora cluster endpoints, mistakenly selecting the cluster endpoint (Option B) for a standard RDS MySQL migration, even though cluster endpoints are exclusive to Aurora and not applicable to single-instance RDS deployments.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because the RDS reader endpoint is used only with Aurora clusters to distribute read traffic across read replicas; it is not available for standard RDS for MySQL instances and would cause connection failures if used. Option B is wrong because the RDS cluster endpoint is specific to Aurora DB clusters (for write operations) and does not exist for standard RDS for MySQL instances; using it would result in a DNS resolution error. Option D is wrong because the RDS console endpoint is not a valid database connection endpoint; it refers to the AWS Management Console URL for managing RDS resources, not a MySQL protocol endpoint.

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58

MCQhard

A company is planning to migrate a 5 TB Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The migration must be completed within a 2-day maintenance window. The source database is heavily normalized and uses complex joins. Which strategy is most appropriate?

A.Use AWS DMS to directly migrate data to Redshift with full load and ongoing replication.

B.Export data to flat files, use S3 Transfer Acceleration to upload to S3, then COPY into Redshift.

C.Use AWS SCT to convert the Oracle schema to Redshift-compatible format, then use AWS DMS to load the data.

D.Use AWS Glue to crawl the Oracle schema and create Redshift tables, then run a Glue ETL job to load data.

AnswerC

SCT handles schema conversion, DMS handles data migration efficiently.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Redshift is columnar and optimized for denormalized schemas; using SCT to convert the schema and DMS for data loading is the standard approach. Option A is wrong because direct copy does not account for schema conversion. Option C is wrong because S3 Transfer Acceleration only speeds up uploads, not schema conversion.

Option D is wrong because Glue is for ETL but not purpose-built for large-scale data warehouse migration with schema conversion.

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59

MCQeasy

A company is migrating a 100 GB Microsoft SQL Server database from an on-premises data center to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The migration uses AWS DMS with full load only (no ongoing replication). The full load completes successfully, but the company's application team reports that some data in the target database is missing. The source database was not modified during the migration. The DMS task logs show no errors. What is the MOST likely cause of the missing data?

A.The DMS task used the 'Change Data Capture' mode instead of full load.

B.The target RDS instance was not large enough to store all data.

C.The DMS task did not use transactional consistency.

D.The source database had foreign key constraints that were not migrated.

AnswerC

Without transactional consistency, DMS may not capture all changes in a consistent state.

Why this answer

DMS full load captures a snapshot of the source database. If the source database has active transactions during the snapshot, some changes may not be included. Using transactional consistency ensures a consistent snapshot.

Disabling foreign keys is not recommended. Using a larger instance does not affect consistency.

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60

Multi-Selecthard

A company is deploying a new application on AWS that requires a highly available relational database with automatic failover and read scaling. The database size is 100 GB and the workload is balanced between reads and writes. Which THREE AWS services or features should be used?

Select 3 answers

A.Multi-AZ deployment

B.DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)

C.Amazon Aurora Replicas

D.Amazon Aurora

E.Amazon RDS Proxy

AnswersA, C, D

Aurora automatically replicates data across AZs, providing failover.

Why this answer

Amazon Aurora provides high availability and read scaling with its cluster architecture. Read replicas can be added for read scaling. Multi-AZ deployment ensures automatic failover.

Option A and C are correct; Option D is correct because Aurora itself provides Multi-AZ storage. Option B (RDS Proxy) is for connection pooling, not failover. Option E (DAX) is for DynamoDB caching.

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61

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB PostgreSQL database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database has a 4-hour downtime window. The company requires minimal data loss and wants to use AWS DMS. The on-premises network has a 100 Mbps internet connection. Which migration method should the company use?

A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to migrate the data to Amazon RDS.

B.Use AWS DMS with a full load only, then stop the source database and resume applications.

C.Use pg_dump and pg_restore to export and import the database during the downtime window.

D.Use AWS DMS with a full load and ongoing change data capture (CDC) replication.

AnswerD

Full load plus CDC minimizes downtime by replicating changes continuously.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS with a full load and ongoing CDC allows minimal downtime by continuously replicating changes. Option A is wrong because AWS DMS full load only does not capture ongoing changes, leading to data loss. Option C is wrong because pg_dump/pg_restore does not support CDC.

Option D is wrong because AWS SCT is a schema conversion tool, not a data migration tool.

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62

MCQhard

A company has an Amazon RDS for MySQL database with Multi-AZ deployment. The database is experiencing high CPU utilization due to a reporting workload. The company wants to migrate to Amazon Aurora MySQL to improve performance and scalability. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which migration strategy meets these requirements?

A.Create an Aurora MySQL replica from the RDS MySQL instance and promote it

B.Take a snapshot of the RDS instance and restore it to an Aurora cluster

C.Migrate to a larger RDS MySQL instance to handle the workload

D.Use AWS DMS with full load and ongoing replication

AnswerA

This allows minimal downtime and uses native replication.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because creating an Aurora read replica from an RDS MySQL instance and then promoting it to a standalone Aurora cluster provides minimal downtime and leverages the built-in replication. Option A is wrong because taking a snapshot and restoring to Aurora requires downtime during the restore process. Option B is wrong because AWS DMS with full load plus CDC can achieve minimal downtime but is more complex and slower than using native replication.

Option D is wrong because migrating to a larger RDS instance does not address the need to move to Aurora.

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63

MCQeasy

A company wants to test an application against an Amazon RDS for MySQL database with a recent set of production data without impacting the production database. The test database must be available quickly and be refreshed regularly. Which solution should be used?

A.Export production data to S3 and import into a test instance using Lambda.

B.Create a read replica of the production database, then promote it to a standalone instance for testing.

C.Use AWS DMS to continuously replicate data from production to a test RDS instance.

D.Create a snapshot of the production database and restore it as a new RDS instance.

AnswerB

A read replica can be promoted quickly and refreshed by creating a new replica.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because a read replica can be created from the production instance and then promoted to a standalone instance for testing. Option A is wrong because it would impact production performance. Option C is wrong because DMS is for migration, not for creating test copies.

Option D is wrong because S3 is not a database.

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64

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a database using AWS DMS. The IAM policy shown is attached to the DMS replication instance role. When the DMS replication task is created in the us-west-2 region, it fails. What is the most likely cause?

A.The IAM policy does not allow the 'dms:CreateReplicationTask' action.

B.The IAM policy does not specify the VPC where the replication instance is deployed.

C.The IAM policy does not specify the resource ARN for the replication instance.

D.The IAM policy restricts the region to us-east-1, but the task is created in us-west-2.

AnswerD

The condition 'aws:RequestedRegion' restricts to us-east-1 only.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because the policy restricts DMS actions to only the us-east-1 region. Option A is wrong because the policy allows 'dms:CreateReplicationTask' and 'dms:StartReplicationTask'. Option B is wrong because the policy does not specify VPC conditions.

Option C is wrong because the policy allows all resources.

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65

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. They want to use AWS DMS for continuous replication. Which TWO prerequisites must be met before starting the migration?

Select 2 answers

A.Enable binary logging (binlog) on the source MySQL database.

B.Ensure the DMS replication instance has network connectivity to the source and target databases.

C.Set the source database to read-only mode during migration.

D.Place the source database in a VPC.

E.Create an S3 bucket to store the migration logs.

AnswersA, B

Binary logging is necessary for DMS to capture ongoing changes.

Why this answer

Options A and B are correct. DMS requires binary logging to be enabled on the source for CDC, and the replication instance must be in a VPC with network access. Option C is wrong because the source database does not need to be in a VPC.

Option D is wrong because DMS supports continuous replication without requiring read-only mode. Option E is wrong because S3 is not required for DMS.

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66

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database from on-premises to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The network bandwidth is 100 Mbps. The migration must be completed within 3 days. Which approach is MOST efficient?

A.Use AWS DMS with parallel load and ongoing replication.

B.Use Oracle RMAN to create a backup and restore to RDS.

C.Use Oracle Data Pump with a single export and import.

D.Use Oracle GoldenGate for real-time replication.

AnswerA

DMS parallel load reduces migration time.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS DMS with parallel load can significantly speed up the migration by loading multiple tables simultaneously. Option A is wrong because a single-threaded export/import may not complete within 3 days on 100 Mbps. Option B is wrong because Oracle GoldenGate requires additional licensing and setup.

Option D is wrong because RMAN backup and restore requires transferring the full backup over the network.

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67

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 1 TB and has a large number of stored procedures and triggers. The migration must minimize application changes. Which migration approach should be used?

A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the schema and AWS DMS for data migration

B.Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with full load and ongoing replication

C.Use Oracle Data Pump (expdp/impdp) to export and import the database

D.Use AWS S3 to store the data and AWS Glue to transform and load into RDS

AnswerB

AWS DMS supports ongoing replication to minimize downtime.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with ongoing replication allows for minimal downtime and can migrate data while keeping the source database running. Option A is incorrect because expdp/impdp does not support ongoing replication. Option C is incorrect because using S3 as an intermediate step adds complexity.

Option D is incorrect because AWS SCT is for schema conversion, not data migration.

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68

MCQmedium

A company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and support ongoing replication. Which AWS service should be used?

A.AWS DataSync

B.Amazon S3 Glacier

C.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)

AnswerC

DMS supports heterogeneous migrations and ongoing replication from Oracle to Aurora.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) is the correct choice because it supports ongoing replication (change data capture, CDC) from an Oracle source to an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL target, enabling a migration with minimal downtime. DMS can handle a 2 TB database by using a large replication instance and tuning task settings, and it continuously replicates changes until the cutover is complete.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse AWS SCT (schema conversion) with the actual data migration, or they assume DataSync can handle database replication, but DMS is the only service that provides both schema conversion (via SCT integration) and ongoing data replication for heterogeneous migrations.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because AWS DataSync is designed for transferring large datasets over the network or between on-premises storage and AWS storage services (e.g., S3, EFS, FSx), but it does not support ongoing replication or heterogeneous database migrations like Oracle to Aurora PostgreSQL. Option B is wrong because Amazon S3 Glacier is a cold storage service for archival data, not a migration tool; it cannot perform live database replication or schema conversion. Option D is wrong because AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) is used to convert the source database schema and code to a target-compatible format, but it does not perform the actual data migration or ongoing replication; SCT is typically used in conjunction with DMS, not as a standalone migration service.

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69

Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which TWO methods can be used together to achieve this?

Select 2 answers

A.Take a file system snapshot and copy to Amazon EBS

B.Use pg_dump and pg_restore

C.Use AWS DMS with full load and CDC

D.Export data to Amazon S3 and import using COPY

E.Set up pglogical replication from on-premises to RDS

AnswersC, E

DMS can replicate data continuously.

Why this answer

AWS DMS with full load and Change Data Capture (CDC) enables a zero-downtime migration by first copying the existing data (full load) and then continuously replicating ongoing changes from the on-premises PostgreSQL source to the Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL target. This ensures data consistency because CDC captures transactions in near real-time using the PostgreSQL logical replication slot mechanism, allowing the target to stay synchronized until the cutover.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often think pg_dump/restore (Option B) is sufficient for minimal downtime, but they overlook that it requires a consistent snapshot and cannot capture ongoing changes, whereas the correct answer combines a full load with CDC to achieve near-zero downtime.

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70

MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. They need to ensure that the migration is completed with minimal downtime and that data remains consistent. Which tool should they use?

A.Use AWS DMS with MongoDB as source and DocumentDB as target

B.Use mongoexport and mongoimport

C.Export data to Amazon S3 and load into DocumentDB

D.Use MongoDB Atlas Live Migration

AnswerA

DMS supports continuous replication for MongoDB.

Why this answer

AWS DMS supports continuous change data capture (CDC) from MongoDB to Amazon DocumentDB, enabling near-zero downtime migration by replicating ongoing changes after the initial full load. This ensures data consistency without requiring application downtime, unlike batch export/import methods.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse MongoDB Atlas Live Migration (which is specific to Atlas) with a general-purpose migration tool, or assume that offline tools like mongoexport are sufficient for minimal downtime scenarios.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option B is wrong because mongoexport and mongoimport are offline, batch tools that require stopping writes to the source database, causing significant downtime and lacking CDC for ongoing changes. Option C is wrong because exporting to S3 and loading into DocumentDB is a manual, offline process that does not support continuous replication, leading to data inconsistency if writes continue during migration. Option D is wrong because MongoDB Atlas Live Migration is a tool for migrating to MongoDB Atlas, not to Amazon DocumentDB, and is not compatible with DocumentDB's API or infrastructure.

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71

MCQhard

Refer to the exhibit. A database administrator is trying to use AWS DMS to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The DMS replication instance is in the same VPC as the RDS instance. The administrator receives an access denied error when starting the replication task. The IAM policy attached to the DMS replication instance is shown. What is the MOST likely cause of the error?

A.The IAM policy does not include permissions for the source database endpoint

B.The IAM policy does not allow the dms:CreateReplicationInstance action

C.The RDS instance is not in the same VPC as the DMS replication instance

D.The DMS replication instance is not associated with the IAM role

AnswerA

DMS needs permissions to create and test endpoints, which are missing.

Why this answer

The IAM policy allows dms:CreateReplicationTask and dms:StartReplicationTask on replication tasks, and rds:DescribeDBInstances. However, DMS needs permissions to describe RDS instances (rds:DescribeDBInstances is allowed) and to access the source endpoint (on-premises). But the error is likely due to missing permissions on the source endpoint or network connectivity.

However, the most common issue is that the DMS replication instance needs permissions to access the source database, but the policy only allows actions on replication tasks, not on endpoints. DMS also needs dms:CreateEndpoint and dms:TestConnection. However, the policy shown is too restrictive.

The question asks for the MOST likely cause given the error: the IAM policy does not include permissions for dms:CreateEndpoint or dms:TestConnection. But the error is when starting the task, which may be due to missing permissions on the source endpoint. However, the best answer is that the IAM policy does not include the necessary permissions for the source endpoint.

Option C is correct because DMS needs permissions to describe endpoints and test connections.

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72

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a MySQL database on Amazon RDS and needs to enforce encryption at rest. Which configuration step is required?

A.Use a custom DB parameter group with SSL enabled.

B.Modify the DB instance to enable encryption after creation.

C.Enable SSL/TLS on the RDS instance.

D.Select encryption option when creating the RDS instance.

AnswerD

Encryption at rest is enabled at launch.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because enabling encryption at rest is done when launching the RDS instance. Option A is wrong because encryption is applied to the instance, not the engine. Option B is wrong because encryption is set at creation time.

Option C is wrong because it's about encryption in transit, not at rest.

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73

MCQmedium

A company is deploying a new application with a PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS. The database must be highly available across two Availability Zones. Which deployment option meets this requirement?

A.RDS with a read replica in another AZ.

B.Multi-AZ RDS instance.

C.Single-AZ RDS instance.

D.Amazon Aurora Global Database.

AnswerB

Provides automatic failover to a standby in another AZ.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because Multi-AZ deployment provides synchronous standby in another AZ. Option A is wrong because it's single-AZ. Option C is wrong because read replicas are for read scaling, not failover.

Option D is wrong because it's a different service.

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74

Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a 2 TB MySQL database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. They want to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which TWO methods should they use? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers

A.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication

B.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool to convert the schema

C.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer backup files

D.Enable binary logging on the source database for change data capture

E.Use mysqldump to export data

AnswersA, D

Minimizes downtime with CDC.

Why this answer

Option A (DMS with CDC) and Option C (Enable binlog on source for CDC) are correct. Option B (mysqldump) causes downtime. Option D (Snowball) is for offline transfer.

Option E (SCT) is for schema conversion.

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75

MCQhard

A company is migrating a self-managed PostgreSQL database with extensions (PostGIS, pg_stat_statements) to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. After migration, they find that the extensions are not available. What is the most likely cause?

A.The required extensions are not included in the default parameter group and must be manually added to shared_preload_libraries.

B.The extensions are incompatible with the RDS engine version.

C.The RDS instance is not configured to allow extensions.

D.RDS does not support any PostgreSQL extensions.

AnswerA

Extensions need to be enabled via parameter group.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because RDS for PostgreSQL supports many extensions but not all; PostGIS is supported but may require enabling. Option A is wrong because extensions are supported. Option C is wrong because extensions are allowed.

Option D is wrong because the question is about extensions not available.

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