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Data Ingestion and Transformation →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

DEA-C01 Data Ingestion and Transformation Practice Question

This DEA-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data ingestion and transformation. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kinesis:GetRecords",
        "kinesis:GetShardIterator",
        "kinesis:DescribeStream",
        "kinesis:ListShards"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/my-stream"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "firehose:PutRecord",
        "firehose:PutRecordBatch"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:firehose:us-east-1:123456789012:deliverystream/my-firehose"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
    }
  ]
}

A data engineer is troubleshooting a Lambda function that reads from a Kinesis Data Stream, processes records, and writes to a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. The Firehose delivery stream is configured to deliver data to an S3 bucket. The Lambda function is failing with an access denied error. The IAM policy attached to the Lambda execution role is shown in the exhibit. Which permission is missing?

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kinesis:GetRecords",
        "kinesis:GetShardIterator",
        "kinesis:DescribeStream",
        "kinesis:ListShards"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/my-stream"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "firehose:PutRecord",
        "firehose:PutRecordBatch"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:firehose:us-east-1:123456789012:deliverystream/my-firehose"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
    }
  ]
}

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream on the Firehose delivery stream

The Lambda function writes to a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. While `firehose:PutRecord` is the primary action for sending data, the AWS SDK for Kinesis Firehose internally calls `DescribeDeliveryStream` to validate the delivery stream configuration before attempting to put records. The IAM policy allows `firehose:PutRecord` but lacks `firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream`, causing the access denied error. Option B correctly identifies this missing permission.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    kinesis:PutRecord on the Kinesis stream

    Why it's wrong here

    This grants `kinesis:PutRecord` on the Kinesis stream, but Lambda reads from the stream and does not write to it.

  • ✓

    firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream on the Firehose delivery stream

    Why this is correct

    Correct. The Lambda function writes to the Firehose delivery stream, and the Firehose SDK requires `DescribeDeliveryStream` to validate the stream before putting records.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • ✗

    logs:CreateLogGroup and logs:CreateLogStream on the CloudWatch log group

    Why it's wrong here

    These permissions are for CloudWatch Logs, not for writing to Firehose. Lambda uses them for logging, but the error is specific to Firehose access.

  • ✗

    s3:PutObjectAcl on the S3 bucket

    Why it's wrong here

    This grants `s3:PutObjectAcl` on the S3 bucket, which is not needed for Firehose delivery; Firehose uses `s3:PutObject` to write data.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

Candidates often assume only `PutRecord` is required for Firehose writes, but the SDK's initialization step silently requires `DescribeDeliveryStream`. This permission is easily overlooked.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Under the hood, the AWS SDK for Firehose (e.g., `boto3` client) calls `DescribeDeliveryStream` to verify the delivery stream status (ACTIVE) and retrieve the `DeliveryStreamARN` before any `PutRecord` call. This is a defensive check to avoid writing to a non-existent or deleting stream. In real-world scenarios, if the stream is in a different account or region, the `DescribeDeliveryStream` call also validates cross-account access, making this permission critical even if `PutRecord` is granted.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage ClassMin DurationRetrievalUse Case
S3 StandardNoneImmediateFrequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA30 daysImmediateInfrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA30 daysImmediateNon-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-TieringNoneImmediate–hoursUnknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant90 daysMillisecondsArchive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible90 daysMinutes–hoursArchive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive180 daysHoursLong-term compliance archive

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this DEA-C01 question test?

Data Ingestion and Transformation — This question tests Data Ingestion and Transformation — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream on the Firehose delivery stream — The Lambda function writes to a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. While `firehose:PutRecord` is the primary action for sending data, the AWS SDK for Kinesis Firehose internally calls `DescribeDeliveryStream` to validate the delivery stream configuration before attempting to put records. The IAM policy allows `firehose:PutRecord` but lacks `firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream`, causing the access denied error. Option B correctly identifies this missing permission.

What should I do if I get this DEA-C01 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026

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This DEA-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the DEA-C01 exam.