DEA-C01 Data Ingestion and Transformation Practice Question

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kinesis:GetRecords",
        "kinesis:GetShardIterator",
        "kinesis:DescribeStream",
        "kinesis:ListShards"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/my-stream"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "firehose:PutRecord",
        "firehose:PutRecordBatch"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:firehose:us-east-1:123456789012:deliverystream/my-firehose"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
    }
  ]
}

A data engineer is troubleshooting a Lambda function that reads from a Kinesis Data Stream, processes records, and writes to a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. The Firehose delivery stream is configured to deliver data to an S3 bucket. The Lambda function is failing with an access denied error. The IAM policy attached to the Lambda execution role is shown in the exhibit. Which permission is missing?

⚠ Common exam trap

Candidates often confuse permissions for Kinesis Data Streams and Kinesis Data Firehose. Writing to a Firehose delivery stream requires firehose:PutRecord, not kinesis:PutRecord, which is for Kinesis Data Streams.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

firehose:PutRecord on the Firehose delivery stream

The Lambda function is failing due to a missing permission to write to the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. The required permission is firehose:PutRecord (or firehose:PutRecordBatch). The IAM policy likely lacks this permission, causing an access denied error when the Lambda attempts to write records. Option A correctly identifies this missing permission.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✓
firehose:PutRecord on the Firehose delivery stream
Why this is correct
Correct. firehose:PutRecord is the IAM action needed to send records to a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream.
✗
firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream on the Firehose delivery stream
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. firehose:DescribeDeliveryStream is not required to write data to Firehose. While some SDKs may call it, it is not a documented IAM prerequisite for firehose:PutRecord.
✗
logs:CreateLogGroup and logs:CreateLogStream on the CloudWatch log group
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. CloudWatch Logs permissions are needed for Lambda to write logs, but are not the cause of an access denied error when writing to Firehose.
✗
s3:PutObjectAcl on the S3 bucket
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. S3 permissions are not needed by the Lambda function itself, as Firehose handles the delivery to S3.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage Class	Min Duration	Retrieval	Use Case
S3 Standard	None	Immediate	Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA	30 days	Immediate	Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA	30 days	Immediate	Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering	None	Immediate–hours	Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant	90 days	Milliseconds	Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible	90 days	Minutes–hours	Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive	180 days	Hours	Long-term compliance archive

Go deeper

DEA-C01 Data Ingestion and Transformation Practice Question

Exhibit

Why each option matters

Option-by-option breakdown

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Related to this question