Question 1mediummultiple choice
Full question →mediummultiple choiceObjective-mapped
A company runs a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that host a customer-facing web application. The security team wants to automatically identify software vulnerabilities, such as missing patches and common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs), in the operating system and applications running on these instances. The team also needs visibility into unintended network accessibility, such as instances with ports open to the internet. The solution must be natively integrated with AWS and should provide findings that can be viewed in a central dashboard. Which AWS service should the security team use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Good practice is not just finding the correct option. The wrong answers often show the exact trap the exam wants you to fall into.
A
Distractor review
Amazon GuardDuty
Incorrect. GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors for malicious activity and unauthorized behavior using machine learning. It does not scan operating systems or applications for known CVEs or missing patches.
B
Best answer
Amazon Inspector
Correct. Amazon Inspector automatically assesses EC2 instances for software vulnerabilities (CVEs) and network exposure (e.g., open ports). It integrates with AWS Systems Manager to perform deep scans of the OS and application packages.
C
Distractor review
AWS Security Hub
Incorrect. Security Hub provides a centralized view of security alerts and compliance status across multiple AWS services, but it does not perform vulnerability scanning itself. It would consume findings from Amazon Inspector, not replace it.
D
Distractor review
AWS Trusted Advisor
Incorrect. Trusted Advisor checks for compliance with AWS best practices, including some security checks like whether security groups allow unrestricted access. However, it does not scan for CVEs or missing patches in installed software.
Common exam trap
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Technical deep dive
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
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More questions from this exam
Keep practising from the same exam bank, or move into a focused topic page if this question exposed a weak area.
Question 1
A developer needs to launch a test server for a new application prototype. The developer logs into the AWS Management Console, selects an Amazon EC2 instance type, configures the security group, and starts the instance. The instance is running within two minutes, and the developer did not need to submit a formal request to the company's IT procurement team or wait for approval from a cloud administrator. Which essential characteristic of cloud computing does this scenario best demonstrate?
Question 2
A solutions architect is planning a new web application on AWS. The workload will include 3 Amazon EC2 instances (t3.medium) running 24/7, an Application Load Balancer, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL db.t3.small database. The architect needs to estimate the monthly cost for the first year, considering different purchasing options (On-Demand, 1-year All Upfront Reserved Instance, and Compute Savings Plan). Which AWS tool should the architect use to create this estimate?
Question 3
A company's development team frequently needs temporary test environments. A developer can log into the AWS Management Console, select an Amazon EC2 instance type, configure storage, and launch the instance within minutes without any interaction with the IT infrastructure team. This capability is an example of which essential characteristic of cloud computing?
Question 4
A company's finance team needs to analyze AWS spending in detail. They require a report that includes hourly cost data for each AWS service, each individual resource (e.g., a specific EC2 instance), and any cost allocation tags applied. The team plans to export this data to an Amazon S3 bucket and then import it into a custom business intelligence (BI) analytics dashboard. Which AWS tool should the finance team use to generate this level of detailed cost data?
Question 5
A company uses AWS for its development environment. The finance team wants to set a monthly budget of $10,000. They want to receive an email notification when the actual costs reach 80% of the budget ($8,000) and again when costs exceed the budget. The team needs a managed AWS service that can automatically send these alerts without requiring custom code or third-party tools. Which AWS service should the team use?
Question 6
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team needs to enforce a policy that restricts SSH access (port 22) from the internet (0.0.0.0/0) in all VPCs across all accounts. The team wants to centrally define the allowed rules and automatically apply them to newly created VPCs and security groups, while also automatically remediating any existing non-compliant security groups. Which AWS service should the team use?
FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CLF-C02 question test?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Amazon Inspector — Amazon Inspector is a vulnerability management service that automates the discovery of software vulnerabilities and unintended network exposure on AWS workloads. It scans EC2 instances (and container images) for known CVEs and checks for network reachability (e.g., open ports). The findings are displayed in the Amazon Inspector console and can also be sent to Amazon EventBridge for automated remediation. Amazon GuardDuty focuses on threat detection (anomalous behavior), not software vulnerability scanning. AWS Security Hub aggregates security findings from multiple services but does not perform its own vulnerability scans. AWS Trusted Advisor offers best-practice checks, including some security checks like open ports, but it does not scan for CVEs or provide deep vulnerability assessments.
What should I do if I get this CLF-C02 question wrong?
Then try more questions from the same exam bank and focus on understanding why the wrong options are tempting.
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