- A
Use a SageMaker notebook instance with a lifecycle configuration to encrypt data with a customer managed KMS key, and restrict endpoint access using an IAM policy.
Why wrong: Incorrect: Notebook instance does not encrypt the endpoint or enforce key rotation; IAM policy does not prevent public endpoint access.
- B
Enable S3 bucket encryption with SSE-S3, attach a bucket policy denying public access, and use an AWS Lambda function to rotate the S3 bucket key every year.
Why wrong: Incorrect: SSE-S3 does not allow customer-managed key rotation; bucket policy alone does not restrict endpoint access.
- C
Apply SSE-KMS with an AWS managed key to the S3 bucket, and use a Lambda function to rotate the key every year. Disable public access to the endpoint using a VPC endpoint.
Why wrong: Incorrect: AWS managed key cannot be rotated by customer; VPC endpoint does not prevent internet access if endpoint is still publicly exposed.
- D
Enable S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key, disable public access on the SageMaker endpoint by deploying it in a VPC, and configure the KMS key to rotate annually.
Correct: Addresses all requirements with customer managed key, VPC endpoint, and key rotation.
Quick Answer
The correct answer is to enable S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key, disable public access on the SageMaker endpoint by deploying it in a VPC, and configure the KMS key to rotate annually. This combination directly addresses the compliance requirements because a customer managed KMS key gives you full control over rotation policies—essential for PHI that must be re-encrypted annually—while deploying the endpoint inside a VPC removes its public internet exposure, restricting access to authorized applications only. On the AWS Certified AI Practitioner AIF-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of SageMaker endpoint security in the context of VPC isolation and KMS encryption, often appearing as a multi-step remediation question where the trap is choosing default encryption (which cannot be rotated) or forgetting to disable public access. A helpful memory tip: “VPC for visibility, KMS for keys, rotate to regulate”—ensuring you lock down the network, control the cipher, and schedule the refresh.
AIF-C01 Practice Question: Security, Compliance and Governance for AI Solutions
This AIF-C01 practice question tests your understanding of security, compliance and governance for ai solutions. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A healthcare company is using Amazon SageMaker to train and deploy a model that predicts patient readmission risk. The model uses sensitive protected health information (PHI). The company must ensure that data is encrypted at rest and in transit, and that access to the model endpoint is restricted to authorized applications only. The security team has configured AWS KMS customer managed keys for encryption, and IAM roles for SageMaker execution. However, during a security audit, it was discovered that the model endpoint is accessible from the internet and that the data used for training was stored in an S3 bucket with default encryption enabled. The compliance team requires that all PHI data be encrypted with a key that is rotated annually, and that no public access is allowed to the endpoint or training data. Which combination of actions should the ML engineer take to remediate these issues?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Enable S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key, disable public access on the SageMaker endpoint by deploying it in a VPC, and configure the KMS key to rotate annually.
Option D is correct because it addresses all compliance requirements: enabling S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key ensures PHI is encrypted at rest with a key that can be rotated annually, deploying the SageMaker endpoint in a VPC removes public internet access, and configuring annual KMS key rotation satisfies the rotation policy. This combination ensures encryption at rest and in transit (via VPC), restricts endpoint access to authorized applications only, and meets the key rotation requirement.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use a SageMaker notebook instance with a lifecycle configuration to encrypt data with a customer managed KMS key, and restrict endpoint access using an IAM policy.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect: Notebook instance does not encrypt the endpoint or enforce key rotation; IAM policy does not prevent public endpoint access.
- ✗
Enable S3 bucket encryption with SSE-S3, attach a bucket policy denying public access, and use an AWS Lambda function to rotate the S3 bucket key every year.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect: SSE-S3 does not allow customer-managed key rotation; bucket policy alone does not restrict endpoint access.
- ✗
Apply SSE-KMS with an AWS managed key to the S3 bucket, and use a Lambda function to rotate the key every year. Disable public access to the endpoint using a VPC endpoint.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect: AWS managed key cannot be rotated by customer; VPC endpoint does not prevent internet access if endpoint is still publicly exposed.
- ✓
Enable S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key, disable public access on the SageMaker endpoint by deploying it in a VPC, and configure the KMS key to rotate annually.
Why this is correct
Correct: Addresses all requirements with customer managed key, VPC endpoint, and key rotation.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates confuse 'disabling public access' with 'using a VPC endpoint'—a VPC endpoint only allows private access to the endpoint from within the VPC, but the endpoint itself remains publicly accessible unless it is deployed inside a VPC with no internet gateway.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
SageMaker endpoints are deployed with a public DNS by default unless explicitly placed in a VPC with no internet gateway. Customer managed KMS keys support automatic annual rotation via the `EnableKeyRotation` API, which is required by compliance frameworks like HIPAA. S3 bucket encryption with SSE-KMS using a customer managed key allows the customer to control key rotation, auditing, and access policies, unlike SSE-S3 or AWS managed KMS keys.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this AIF-C01 question test?
Security, Compliance and Governance for AI Solutions — This question tests Security, Compliance and Governance for AI Solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Enable S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key, disable public access on the SageMaker endpoint by deploying it in a VPC, and configure the KMS key to rotate annually. — Option D is correct because it addresses all compliance requirements: enabling S3 bucket encryption with a customer managed KMS key ensures PHI is encrypted at rest with a key that can be rotated annually, deploying the SageMaker endpoint in a VPC removes public internet access, and configuring annual KMS key rotation satisfies the rotation policy. This combination ensures encryption at rest and in transit (via VPC), restricts endpoint access to authorized applications only, and meets the key rotation requirement.
What should I do if I get this AIF-C01 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 25, 2026
This AIF-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the AIF-C01 exam.
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