SF-Data-Arch Practice Test 15 — 15 Questions

Question 1

An architect is building a data model for a subscription service. They need to calculate the total revenue across all related 'Invoice' records for an 'Account'. Which approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Use a Roll-up Summary field on the Account object.. Roll-up summary fields are the native, declarative way to perform aggregate calculations across master-detail relationships. They are highly efficient, automatically updated by the platform, and require no code. This ensures the revenue data is always accurate and available for reporting, dashboards, and list views, which is essential for sales teams tracking customer lifetime value.

Answer

Write a Trigger to calculate and update the total on the Account.

Answer

Create a Flow that triggers on every Invoice insert.

Answer

Calculate the revenue dynamically using a Formula field.

Question 2

When dealing with high-frequency updates on a parent object, what is the best practice to prevent lock contention?

Accepted Answer

Use an asynchronous approach to aggregate parent updates.. To minimize lock contention, avoid updating the parent record every time a child record is updated. Instead, use an asynchronous pattern like a batch job or a queueable apex to aggregate updates and perform a single update to the parent. This reduces the number of locks requested on the parent object, significantly decreasing the likelihood of row-locking errors during high-volume operations.

Answer

Always update the parent in the child's trigger.

Answer

Set the parent record to read-only.

Answer

Convert the lookup relationship to a master-detail.

Question 3

When dealing with LDV, what is the primary benefit of using External Objects via Salesforce Connect instead of standard Salesforce tables?

Accepted Answer

It avoids storing massive amounts of data in the Salesforce database.. External Objects allow organizations to view and interact with data stored in external systems without importing it into Salesforce. This strategy keeps the Salesforce database lean, avoiding the storage limits and performance degradation associated with managing hundreds of millions of records locally. It is the architectural standard for offloading non-critical, high-volume historical data while keeping it accessible within the platform's user interface.

Answer

External objects are automatically indexed by Salesforce.

Answer

It keeps the data within Salesforce for better reporting performance.

Answer

External objects allow for full Apex trigger functionality.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of 'Probabilistic Matching' in the context of an MDM solution?

Accepted Answer

Comparing customer names and addresses using fuzzy logic to generate a match score.. Probabilistic matching uses statistical algorithms to determine the likelihood that two records refer to the same entity based on similarity rather than exact matches. This is vital in MDM because data across systems is rarely perfectly identical due to typos, variations, or formatting differences. Using algorithms allows the system to identify matches that deterministic logic would miss, significantly improving the completeness and accuracy of the resulting golden record.

Answer

Matching two records because they share the exact same Social Security Number.

Answer

Using a strict SQL join condition to link Account records with Contact records.

Answer

Rejecting any contact record that lacks a valid email address field.

Question 5

You are migrating records that contain multi-select picklist values. What is the key consideration for mapping this data from a legacy system?

Accepted Answer

The values must be formatted as a semi-colon separated string.. Multi-select picklists are stored as semi-colon separated strings in Salesforce. When migrating, the source data must be transformed to match this specific delimiter format. Failure to use the exact semi-colon separator, or including values that are not currently defined in the Salesforce picklist configuration, will result in import errors. It is essential to sanitize and format these values in the ETL layer before the load.

Answer

The values must be separated by commas in the source file.

Answer

Each value must be imported as a separate child record.

Answer

The picklist must be converted to a custom object before loading.

Question 6

Universal Containers needs to establish a formalized Data Governance framework to manage customer data across multiple Salesforce orgs and external systems. Which foundational element must the Data Governance board define first to ensure enterprise-wide alignment and accountability?

Accepted Answer

Define data owners, stewards, and organizational policies for critical data domains.. Establishing data ownership and stewardship is the critical first step in any Data Governance framework. Without clearly defined owners responsible for data quality, definitions, and lifecycle policies across disparate systems, subsequent technical implementations like Master Data Management or deduplication rules lack institutional direction and authoritative accountability.

Answer

Implement exact-match duplicate rules across all Salesforce objects.

Answer

Configure Platform Encryption for all Personally Identifiable Information fields.

Answer

Establish an automated archiving job for records older than seven years.

Question 7

Which TWO factors should be considered when choosing between a Master-Detail and a Lookup relationship for a new custom object? (Choose two)

Accepted Answer

Security and sharing inheritance. Choosing the correct relationship involves evaluating data ownership and security requirements. Master-Detail relationships propagate security settings from the parent to the child, which is a key architectural decision. Lookup relationships offer independent sharing, which is vital when child records should have distinct visibility regardless of the parent. Architects must weigh these against the need for cascade deletes and rollup summaries to ensure the model aligns with business processes.

Answer

The number of records

Answer

The color of the object

Answer

The API name prefix

Question 8

Universal Containers needs to provide a Full Sandbox for testing, but they must ensure that sensitive customer data like Social Security Numbers and Credit Card details are not visible to developers. Which solution is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Implement Salesforce Data Mask to anonymize data during refresh.. Data Masking is a specific security process used to anonymize or pseudonymize sensitive data when it is copied from a production environment to a sandbox. Salesforce Data Mask allows administrators to mask sensitive data automatically during the sandbox refresh process, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.

Answer

Use a Partial Copy Sandbox and exclude the sensitive objects.

Answer

Encrypt the fields in Production using Shield Platform Encryption.

Answer

Write a post-copy Apex script to delete sensitive field values.

Question 9

What is the primary benefit of using a staging database for data migration?

Accepted Answer

It allows for complex data transformation and cleansing.. A staging database provides a clean, neutral environment to perform ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tasks such as data deduplication, value normalization, and relationship mapping. By transforming the data outside of Salesforce, architects ensure that only clean, verified data enters the target environment. This minimizes the risk of system-level errors and validation failures that occur when attempting to manipulate raw, messy data directly inside the Salesforce platform.

Answer

It provides a backup of the source data.

Answer

It eliminates the need for field mapping documentation.

Answer

It speeds up the actual data insertion into Salesforce.

Question 10

Which platform feature is best used to move data off-platform to avoid Large Data Volume issues?

Accepted Answer

Salesforce Connect.. Salesforce Connect allows organizations to display data from external systems as if it were stored natively in Salesforce, without actually consuming storage or impacting governor limits. By using external objects, companies can maintain massive amounts of historical data off-platform while still providing users with a seamless interface for viewing and reporting on that data within the native environment.

Answer

Salesforce BigObjects.

Answer

Data Loader command line.

Answer

Platform Events.

Question 11

Which strategy should be employed when designing a data archiving solution for a high-volume object to ensure continued system performance?

Accepted Answer

Offload historical records to an external system or Big Object.. Archiving is critical for maintaining performance in Salesforce. By moving stale data to an external data store or a Big Object, you keep the active 'working set' of records small. This ensures that queries, reports, and DML operations remain fast. An effective strategy involves identifying criteria for record age or status and offloading these records periodically to prevent the primary object from reaching a state that degrades system performance.

Answer

Store all historical data in a hidden custom object within Salesforce.

Answer

Regularly delete records that are older than three years.

Answer

Use Salesforce Sharing Rules to hide older records from users.

Question 12

Which design pattern effectively handles high-volume record updates while avoiding 'Too many SOQL queries' errors?

Accepted Answer

Use a Map to cache related records.. The use of Maps for caching parent records is essential to avoid repeated querying. By querying all necessary parent records once, storing them in a Map, and accessing them by ID in a loop, you reduce the SOQL query count to one. This pattern is the industry standard for handling large collections of records without hitting governor limits.

Answer

Perform a SOQL query inside the trigger loop.

Answer

Use the Future method for every record update.

Answer

Call the update DML statement inside the loop.

Question 13

When designing a system that requires frequent querying of very large objects, which approach provides the best performance while maintaining data integrity?

Accepted Answer

Implement custom indexing or Skinny tables.. Denormalization via techniques like Skinny tables or indexing is the standard way to optimize read performance for large volumes. These strategies shift the cost from query time to write time, which is usually preferable in high-volume systems where users need quick access to data. By aligning the database schema with the specific query patterns of the application, you minimize the work the database must do to return results.

Answer

Always use SOQL with complex joins across many tables.

Answer

Move all data to a custom object to simplify the schema.

Answer

Use the Salesforce REST API for all data retrieval.

Question 14

A healthcare company must retain patient interaction records for 10 years for regulatory compliance. However, records older than 2 years are rarely accessed and are causing performance issues in the live Org. Which TWO strategies should an architect recommend?

Accepted Answer

Archive records older than 2 years into a Big Object.. Managing Large Data Volumes (LDV) requires moving infrequently accessed data out of the primary transactional tables. Moving data to Big Objects keeps it within the Salesforce ecosystem at a lower cost, while off-platform archiving to a data warehouse provides maximum performance and long-term storage flexibility.

Answer

Use a Skinny Table to store records older than 2 years.

Answer

Implement a nightly batch job to delete records older than 2 years.

Answer

Move historical records to a separate 'Archive' custom object within Salesforce.

Question 15

Refer to the exhibit. The architect observes this error during bulk Opportunity updates. Which action resolves the issue while adhering to best practices?

Accepted Answer

Move the query outside the loop and store results in a Map.. The error indicates a SOQL query inside a loop, a common mistake in bulk operations. Moving the query outside the loop into a Map or List ensures that data is retrieved in a single call, optimizing performance and staying within governor limits. This is a crucial skill for architects to ensure that data models remain performant when processing high volumes of records in automated triggers.

Answer

Increase the SOQL query limit by contacting Salesforce Support.

Answer

Add a static variable to track if the query has been executed.

Answer

Change the trigger to run in a 'without sharing' context.