1Z0-829 Controlling Program Flow Practice Test 5 — 15 Questions

Question 1

Given: outer: for(int i=0; i<3; i++) { for(int j=0; j<3; j++) { if(j==1) continue outer; } } How many times does the innermost loop body execute?

Accepted Answer

3. The outer loop runs with i=0,1,2. For each i, the inner loop starts j=0, executes the body once, then j=1 triggers 'continue outer', which skips the rest of the inner loop and increments i. Thus the inner loop body executes exactly once per outer iteration, for a total of 3 times.

Answer

0

Answer

9

Answer

6

Question 2

Given: int x=0; do { x++; } while(x<5); How many times does the loop body execute?

Accepted Answer

5. The do-while loop executes the body first, then checks the condition. The variable x starts at 0, so initially the body executes with x=0, then x increments to 1. The loop continues as long as x < 5. The body executes for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 — a total of 5 times. When x becomes 5, the condition x < 5 is false, so the loop stops.

Answer

4

Answer

6

Answer

0

Question 3

Given: int a=5, b=10; String result = (a > b) ? "greater" : (a < b) ? "less" : "equal"; What is result?

Accepted Answer

"less". The ternary operator is right-associative, so the expression is parsed as `a > b ? "greater" : (a < b ? "less" : "equal")`. Since `a=5` and `b=10`, `a > b` is false, so the second operand of the outer ternary is evaluated: `a < b` is true, so the inner ternary returns `"less"`. The code compiles and runs without error, producing `"less"`.

Answer

"equal"

Answer

"greater"

Answer

Compilation error

Question 4

Given: int i=0; outer: while(i<3) { for(int j=0; j<3; j++) { if(j==1) break outer; } i++; } What is the value of i after the outer loop?

Accepted Answer

0. (0) because the `break outer` statement immediately terminates the outer `while` loop when `j` equals 1 during the first iteration of the inner `for` loop. Since `i` is incremented only after the inner loop completes, and the inner loop never finishes its first iteration, `i` remains 0.

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 5

Given: for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { if(i%2==0) continue; System.out.print(i+" "); } What is the output?

Accepted Answer

1 3 5 7 9. The loop iterates from 0 to 9, and the `continue` statement skips the rest of the loop body when the condition `i % 2 == 0` is true (i.e., for even numbers). Only odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) are printed, each followed by a space.

Answer

No output

Answer

0 2 4 6 8

Answer

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Question 6

Given: int x=1; switch(x) { case 1: System.out.print("A"); case 2: System.out.print("B"); break; default: System.out.print("C"); } What is printed?

Accepted Answer

AB. The switch statement does not have a break after case 1, so execution falls through to case 2 after printing 'A'. Case 2 prints 'B' and then hits the break, exiting the switch. The default case is skipped because a matching case was found. Thus, 'AB' is printed.

Answer

C

Answer

ABC

Answer

A

Question 7

Which two statements about the do-while loop are true?

Accepted Answer

The do-while loop can be used with a label.. Option C is correct because Java's do-while loop is a statement that can be prefixed with a label (e.g., outer: do { ... } while (cond);), and that label can then be targeted by a labeled break or continue to control the loop's flow. Option D is correct because the do-while loop checks its condition only after executing the body, so the body always runs at least once, even if the condition is false on the first evaluation. Option A is wrong because evaluating the condition before the body is the behavior of the while loop, not the do-while loop. Option B is wrong because a do-while loop can be preceded by an initialization statement (e.g., int i = 0; do { ... } while (i < 5);), so it is not prohibited. Option E is wrong because a do-while loop does not always execute more times than an equivalent while loop; it executes at least once, but for many conditions (such as a false condition initially) the while loop executes zero times while the do-while executes once, and in other cases the counts can be equal.

Answer

The condition is evaluated before the body executes.

Answer

The do-while loop cannot have an initialization statement.

Answer

The do-while loop always executes more times than a while loop with the same condition.

Question 8

A developer is designing a loop to iterate through an array of integers and stop processing when the value -1 is encountered. Which loop construct should be used?

Accepted Answer

for(int i : array) { if(i == -1) break; }. The `break` statement immediately terminates the loop when the value -1 is encountered, which is exactly what the requirement specifies. In Java, `break` exits the innermost loop or switch statement, making it the appropriate control flow mechanism for stopping iteration upon a condition.

Answer

for(int i : array) { if(i == -1) exit; }

Answer

for(int i : array) { if(i == -1) return; }

Answer

for(int i : array) { if(i == -1) continue; }

Question 9

Which two of the following statements are true about the continue statement in a loop?

Accepted Answer

continue can be used in a while loop.. Option A is correct because the continue statement is valid inside a while loop, where it skips the remaining statements in the current iteration and jumps back to re-evaluate the loop condition. Option C is correct because continue also works in a for loop, causing control to jump to the loop's update expression (increment/decrement) and then re-evaluate the condition. Options B, D, and E are incorrect: continue is allowed in a do-while loop, so B is false; continue is not a switch-control statement (break is used to exit a switch), so D is false; and continue requires an enclosing loop, so using it in a try block without a loop is a compile-time error, making E false.

Answer

continue cannot be used in a do-while loop.

Answer

continue can be used in a switch statement.

Answer

continue can be used in a try block without a loop.

Question 10

Which three of the following statements about the switch expression in Java 17 are correct?

Accepted Answer

A switch expression with arrow syntax does not require break.. Option A is correct because arrow-syntax switch expressions (case X -> value) do not fall through, so no break statement is needed to terminate a branch. Option B is correct because colon-syntax switch expressions (case X: ... yield value;) use the yield statement to produce the expression's value, since a plain value expression is not allowed in that form. Option E is correct because a switch expression must be exhaustive: every possible input value must be handled, either by covering all constants (e.g., all enum constants or all sealed subtypes) or by providing a default branch. Option C is wrong because switch expressions work perfectly well with enum types, which are in fact a common and recommended use case. Option D is wrong because a default branch is not strictly required when the compiler can determine that all possible values are already covered, such as with an exhaustive enum or sealed hierarchy.

Answer

A switch expression cannot be used with an enum type.

Answer

A switch expression must include a default branch even if all cases are covered.

Question 11

Refer to the exhibit. The exhibit shows a code snippet. What is the output when the variable day is set to Day.WEDNESDAY?

Accepted Answer

9. (9) because the switch statement on Day.WEDNESDAY (ordinal 2) does not have break statements for cases WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY, causing fall-through. Execution adds values: WEDNESDAY (3), THURSDAY (4), FRIDAY (5), SATURDAY (6), totaling 18. Then the default case subtracts 9, resulting in 9.

Answer

7

Answer

Compilation error

Answer

6

Question 12

What is the output of the following code snippet? int x = 5; if(x > 0) { System.out.print('A'); } else if(x > 2) { System.out.print('B'); } else { System.out.print('C'); }

Accepted Answer

A. The condition `x > 0` evaluates to true (x = 5), so the code prints 'A' and then exits the entire if-else-if chain. The subsequent `else if` and `else` blocks are skipped entirely, so only 'A' is output.

Answer

AB

Answer

C

Answer

B

Question 13

Given nested loops with labels, which statement correctly breaks out of the outer loop?

Accepted Answer

break outer;. The labeled break statement 'break outer;' terminates the outer loop when executed inside the inner loop. In Java, a label (e.g., 'outer:') placed before a loop allows a break or continue to target that specific loop, overriding the default behavior of breaking only the innermost loop. The other options do not break out of the outer loop: 'continue outer;' would skip the current iteration of the outer loop but not break it, 'return;' would exit the method entirely, and 'break inner;' would break the inner loop but not the outer.

Answer

continue outer;

Answer

return;

Answer

break inner;

Question 14

A resource is declared in a try-with-resources statement. The try block throws an exception. The close method throws a different exception. What exception is thrown by the try-with-resources statement?

Accepted Answer

The exception from the try block.. In a try-with-resources statement, if both the try block and the close() method throw exceptions, the exception from the try block is the one thrown by the statement. The exception from close() is suppressed and added to the thrown exception's suppressed exception list (via Throwable.addSuppressed()). This is specified by JLS §14.20.3.2 and ensures the primary failure (the try block exception) is not masked.

Answer

The exception from the close method.

Answer

A compilation error occurs.

Answer

Both exceptions are thrown simultaneously.

Question 15

How many times does the following loop execute? int i=0; while(i<5) { System.out.println(i); i++; }

Accepted Answer

5. The loop starts with i=0, checks the condition i<5 (true), prints i, then increments i. This repeats until i becomes 5, at which point i<5 is false and the loop terminates. Thus, the loop executes exactly 5 times (i=0,1,2,3,4).

Answer

0

Answer

6

Answer

4