010-160 Practice Test 8 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A technician needs to locate all files under /var that are larger than 100 MB and were modified more than 30 days ago. Which command will produce this list?

Accepted Answer

find /var -size +100M -mtime +30. The find command is designed for filesystem searches based on metadata such as size and modification time. Using -size +100M and -mtime +30 correctly selects files larger than 100 MB and older than 30 days. Other tools like locate lack metadata filters, ls does not recurse or filter, and omitting the plus signs changes the meaning to exact matches, which would not return the intended set of files.

Answer

ls -lS /var | grep +100M

Answer

locate -size +100M -mtime +30 /var

Answer

find /var -size 100M -mtime 30

Question 2

Which TWO of the following options can be used with 'rm' to ensure safe operation?

Accepted Answer

-I. Option A (-I) is correct because it makes rm prompt once before removing more than three files (or recursively), providing a safety net against accidental mass deletion while avoiding the constant prompting of -i. Option E (-i) is correct because it forces rm to prompt for confirmation before every single removal, which is the classic way to ensure safe, deliberate operation. The unmarked options do not belong: -v only prints what is being removed without any confirmation, -r enables recursive deletion of directories (increasing risk rather than safety), and -f forces removal without prompting and ignores nonexistent files, directly defeating safe operation.

Answer

-v

Answer

-r

Answer

-f

Question 3

What is the primary difference between 'man' pages and 'info' pages?

Accepted Answer

info contains more detailed, hyperlinked documentation. Info pages are GNU's hypertext documentation system, providing more detailed, structured, and hyperlinked content than traditional man pages. They are navigated with the 'info' command using nodes, menus, and cross-references, making them better suited for complex GNU tools like coreutils and bash. Man pages, by contrast, are single-page, linear reference documents.

Answer

man is graphical, info is text-based

Answer

man pages are obsolete

Answer

man is for system files, info is for users

Question 4

Which THREE of the following are typical elements included in a standard Linux distribution package?

Accepted Answer

Package Manager. A standard Linux distribution package typically includes a Package Manager (A), such as APT, DNF, or Pacman, which is essential for installing, updating, and removing software and resolving dependencies. It also includes base libraries and utilities (B), like glibc, coreutils, and system tools, which provide the fundamental runtime and command-line environment for the system. The Linux Kernel (D) is a core component, as it manages hardware, processes, memory, and system calls, and every distribution ships a kernel (often with multiple versions or modules). Proprietary BIOS firmware (C) is not included because BIOS/UEFI firmware is vendor-specific and resides on the motherboard, not in a distribution's package set. A hardware warranty certificate (E) is a physical or vendor document unrelated to the software contents of a Linux distribution.

Answer

Proprietary BIOS firmware

Answer

Hardware warranty certificate

Question 5

You are the administrator of a shared Linux workstation. A new employee needs to be added to the existing group 'research' so they can access group-owned project files. Which command accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

usermod -aG research newemployee. To add an existing user to an additional group, use usermod with the -aG options. The -a flag ensures the user is appended rather than replacing all current supplementary groups, and -G specifies the target group. This grants the needed access without disrupting other memberships.

Answer

groupmod -a newemployee research

Answer

useradd -G research newemployee

Answer

chgrp research newemployee

Question 6

You are managing a directory shared by a project team. You want all files created in this directory to automatically belong to the 'developers' group, regardless of the user's primary group. Which command achieves this?

Accepted Answer

chmod g+s /data. `chmod g+s /data` sets the setgid (SGID) bit on the directory. When SGID is set on a directory, any file or subdirectory created inside inherits the directory's group ownership instead of the creating user's primary group. This is exactly the behavior needed for a shared 'developers' group directory.

Answer

usermod -aG developers

Answer

chgrp developers /data

Answer

chmod 1777 /data

Question 7

Which TWO of the following directories are usually located at the root of a Linux filesystem?

Accepted Answer

/etc. Option A, /etc, is correct because it is a standard top-level directory directly under the root (/) in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, holding system-wide configuration files such as /etc/passwd and /etc/fstab. Option E, /bin, is also correct because it is a conventional root-level directory containing essential user command binaries like ls, cp, and bash (often symlinked to /usr/bin on modern distributions). The unmarked options do not belong: /users is not a standard FHS root directory (user home directories live under /home), while /windows and /programs are Windows-style paths with no place in a Linux filesystem hierarchy.

Answer

/users

Answer

/windows

Answer

/programs

Question 8

A support engineer is handed a Linux server and needs to determine which user account is currently logged in on a remote SSH session before performing maintenance, so they can notify the right person. Which command most directly reports the usernames of users currently logged into the system?

Accepted Answer

who. The who utility consults the utmp login records and reports active sessions with usernames, terminals, and login times, including remote connections. That directly satisfies the need to identify who is logged in before maintenance. The alternative commands report identity, group membership, or the invoking user rather than enumerating current sessions.

Answer

id

Answer

whoami

Answer

groups

Question 9

A developer runs `mkdir /srv/collab` on an ext4 filesystem, then runs `chmod 2775 /srv/collab` so that the directory is owned by root:devteam. Later, a member of the devteam group creates a file inside /srv/collab with their default umask of 022. Which group will own the newly created file?

Accepted Answer

The devteam group, because the setgid bit on the parent directory forces group inheritance.. The setgid bit on a directory makes new entries inherit the directory's group instead of the creator's primary group. Because the directory was set to 2775 with group devteam, any file created inside will belong to devteam while retaining the creator as user owner. The umask only strips permission bits and does not change group ownership.

Answer

No group, because the file is created without a group until chgrp is run explicitly.

Answer

The root group, because the parent directory is owned by root:devteam and ownership is copied.

Answer

The creating user's primary group, because file group ownership always mirrors the creator.

Question 10

Which THREE commands are related to viewing or changing group memberships?

Accepted Answer

groups. Option A, `groups`, is correct because it displays the groups a specified user (or the current user) belongs to, directly showing group memberships. Option C, `id`, is correct because it prints the user's UID, primary GID, and the list of supplementary groups the user is a member of, which is exactly membership information. Option E, `usermod -aG`, is correct because the `-aG` combination appends the user to one or more supplementary groups, thereby changing group memberships without removing existing ones. Option B, `chgrp`, is not correct here because it changes the group ownership of files or directories, not a user's group membership. Option D, `groupmod`, is not correct because it modifies a group's attributes such as its name or GID, rather than viewing or changing which users belong to groups.

Answer

chgrp

Answer

groupmod