Be able to wire a service mesh end to end: register services with sidecar proxies, define upstreams, write intentions that permit traffic, and route cross-datacenter calls via mesh gateways. The key thing to get right is that Connect denies by default, so explicit intentions must allow each service-to-service path.
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Domain overview
This domain covers Consul Connect service mesh: sidecar and mesh gateway proxies, intentions for service-to-service authorization, mTLS certificate issuance via the built-in CA, upstream configuration, and Envoy integration. Questions test whether you can configure and troubleshoot Connect traffic flows, cross-datacenter routing through mesh gateways, and the commands that manage proxies and intentions.
Exam objectives
Configuring sidecar proxy upstreams so a service can reach another service over mTLS
How Consul intentions enforce service-to-service authorization through sidecar proxies
Using mesh gateways for Connect traffic between datacenters and across admin partitions
The 'consul connect envoy' command for generating Envoy bootstrap configuration and registering proxies
Assuming mTLS alone authorizes traffic: intentions must explicitly allow the connection or it is denied by default
Forgetting that cross-datacenter upstreams need mesh gateways configured in both datacenters and a gateway reference in the upstream stanza
Confusing 'consul connect envoy' (generates Envoy bootstrap and registers the proxy) with commands that start or manage the proxy process itself
Click any question to see the full explanation and answer options, or start a focused practice session above.
What does the 'kind' field in a service definition specify for a Consul Connect service?
2Which component acts as the default sidecar proxy for Consul Connect?
3When using 'Consul Connect native' integration, how does the application handle mTLS?
4You have a service that needs to talk to a service in a different datacenter. What configuration is required?
5You need to deny all traffic between 'service-a' and 'service-b' using intentions. What is the most efficient way to achieve this?
6Which command displays all active intentions in the Consul mesh?
7What is the primary role of the Consul Connect 'upstream' configuration?
8What is the function of the 'consul connect envoy' command?
9How are intentions applied to services in different partitions or namespaces?
10If you are using SPIRE for certificate management, how does this interact with Consul Connect?
11What is the primary benefit of using a Mesh Gateway in a Consul Connect architecture?
12What is the purpose of the 'upstreams' block in a service definition?
13Which of the following is a key feature of Consul Connect's intentions?
14What is the correct way to specify a local bind port for an upstream service?
15When configuring mTLS in Consul Connect, how are certificates distributed to the sidecar proxies?
16You need to perform a canary deployment for a service. What Consul feature should you use?
17What is the 'Consul Connect proxy' kind used for?
18What is the function of the 'consul intention check' command?
19Which THREE factors influence the mTLS handshake in a Consul Connect mesh?
20When troubleshooting a service that fails to start its Envoy proxy, which service definition field should you check for incorrect configuration?
21Which TWO of the following are valid ways to configure Consul Connect?
22Which THREE of the following are components of a Consul Connect service definition?
23Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Consul Connect?
24Which TWO of the following are valid ways to monitor Consul Connect performance?
25Which TWO of the following are features of Consul Connect native integration?
26Which TWO are common use cases for Consul Connect?
27You are configuring Consul Connect for a service named 'payments'. You want to allow incoming connections only from services that present a valid client certificate from a specific CA and also enforce that the source service is 'checkout'. What combination of Consul features should you use?
28A platform team runs Consul 1.15 with Connect enabled in a single datacenter. They register a new service 'payments' with a sidecar proxy, but when the application team tries to reach 'payments' through its local proxy, the connection is refused. Running 'consul intention check web payments' returns 'Result: denied'. No intentions have been created yet. What should the team do to allow the traffic while following Consul's default security model?
29A platform team is deploying a new service 'payments' on a Consul 1.15 cluster with Connect enabled. They want to ensure that only the 'checkout' service can initiate connections to 'payments', and all other services are denied by default. Which intention should they create?
30An operator is configuring a Connect sidecar proxy in a service definition so that outbound calls to a dependency are routed through the mesh. The dependency is registered as 'redis' in the same datacenter, listening on port 6379. The application expects to reach it at localhost:6379. Which upstream block in the sidecar_service definition achieves this?
31You are using Consul 1.15 with Connect and want to enable Layer 7 traffic management for a service 'api' to perform HTTP path-based routing. Which configuration is required in the service definition?
32A Consul 1.15 operator is configuring a service mesh with Connect and needs to ensure that the sidecar proxy for 'frontend' can establish mTLS connections to the 'backend' service. The operator has already registered both services with Connect sidecars. Which two actions are required to allow this communication? (Choose two.)
33You are deploying a new service 'api' in a Consul Connect mesh. You want to ensure that all incoming connections to 'api' are logged for auditing purposes. Which Consul feature should you configure?
34You are deploying a Consul Connect service mesh in a single datacenter. A developer asks how service-to-service authorization is enforced when two services communicate through their sidecar proxies. What is the primary mechanism that controls whether the connection is allowed?
35A security engineer is configuring intentions for a service mesh. They want to allow traffic from 'frontend' to 'backend' only when the connection is encrypted with mTLS and originates from a specific namespace in Consul Enterprise. Which intention attribute should they use to enforce the namespace constraint?
36A service 'inventory' is registered in Consul 1.15 with Connect enabled. You need to verify that the sidecar proxy for 'inventory' is running and healthy. Which command should you use?
37You are using Consul 1.15 with Connect enabled. A service 'web' needs to communicate with an upstream service 'api' in a different datacenter. You have configured a mesh gateway in each datacenter. The 'web' service's sidecar proxy is configured with an upstream for 'api'. However, traffic is failing. You check the sidecar proxy logs and see 'no healthy upstream'. What is the most likely cause?
38A platform team runs a Consul 1.15 datacenter with Connect enabled. They deploy a new service called 'payments' and register it with a sidecar proxy. Security policy requires that only the 'checkout' service may initiate connections to 'payments', and all other services must be denied, even if they present a valid service token. No intentions exist yet for this pair. Which action should the team take to enforce this requirement with the least operational overhead?
39A platform team is running Consul Connect with Envoy sidecar proxies. They need to ensure that a service named 'payments' can only be accessed by services in the 'frontend' namespace, and all other access must be denied. They have Consul Enterprise with namespaces enabled. Which intention configuration achieves this requirement with the least administrative overhead?
40A developer is deploying a new service called 'inventory' with a Connect sidecar proxy. They want to verify that the sidecar is running and registered correctly. Which command should they use to check the status of the Connect-enabled service?
41An operator manages a Consul 1.15 cluster where Connect is enabled and mTLS is active. They need to rotate the Connect CA root certificate for the datacenter. The new root must be distributed to all sidecar proxies without dropping existing connections, and the old root must remain trusted during the transition. Which sequence of actions accomplishes this?
42A team is running Consul 1.15 with Connect and wants to expose a TCP service through an ingress gateway so external clients can reach it over mTLS. They define the gateway and a listener on port 8443. External clients report TLS handshake failures. The gateway logs show no matching certificate. Which configuration element must be present for the listener to serve TLS?
43A developer needs to see which intentions currently govern traffic between services in a Consul 1.15 datacenter. Which command lists all intentions stored in the catalog?
44A service mesh operator is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two services in a Consul 1.15 datacenter. The sidecar proxy for the 'frontend' service cannot reach the 'backend' upstream. The operator has confirmed that intentions allow the traffic. Which log should they inspect first to diagnose the issue on the sidecar proxy?
45You are configuring a Consul Connect service mesh and need to enable mTLS for all services in the datacenter. Which configuration setting must be enabled in the Consul server agent configuration to turn on Connect and enforce mTLS globally?
46A developer registers a service called 'web' with a sidecar proxy in a Consul 1.15 datacenter. The service needs to call a backend service named 'api' through the mesh. The developer adds an upstream block to the 'web' service definition pointing to 'api' on port 8080. What does this upstream configuration accomplish for the 'web' sidecar proxy?
47A service 'orders' must call an upstream database service through its sidecar proxy. The upstream is registered in the same Consul datacenter and the operator wants the sidecar to discover it dynamically rather than hard-code an address. Which upstream configuration entry in the sidecar_service stanza accomplishes this?
48You are deploying a Consul Connect service mesh in a Consul 1.15 datacenter. You want to ensure that all service-to-service traffic is encrypted and authenticated. What is the default behavior for intentions when no intention is defined between two services?
49A security team requires that a service 'reporting' only accept connections from services presenting a valid mesh certificate issued by the Connect CA, and that all other traffic be rejected. They have registered reporting with a sidecar proxy. Which combination ensures this behavior?
50You are troubleshooting a Consul Connect service mesh and need to verify which intentions are currently configured. Which Consul CLI command lists all intentions?
51A financial services firm requires that all service-to-service traffic inside its Consul 1.15 datacenter be encrypted and that services accept connections only when an explicit intention permits them. An operator enables Connect on all agents but services still accept plaintext traffic from non-mesh clients. Which additional step is required to enforce encryption and deny-by-default for the whole datacenter?
52You are operating a Consul 1.15 cluster with Connect enabled. A service named 'api' is registered with a sidecar proxy. You need to ensure that only the 'web' service can initiate connections to 'api'. You have created an intention that allows 'web' to connect to 'api', but you have not created any other intentions. What is the default behavior for other services trying to connect to 'api'?
53A platform team runs Consul 1.15 with Connect enabled. Their service 'api' is registered with a sidecar proxy, and its upstream 'database' is also mesh-enabled. The team wants 'api' to resolve 'database' through the mesh without hard-coding an IP address in the application. Which configuration in the service registration enables the sidecar to expose a stable local listener for the upstream?
54A team runs Consul 1.15 with Connect. They want to observe which services are allowed to communicate with a specific service named 'inventory' and confirm whether a particular source is permitted, without sending real traffic. Which command should they use to query the effective intention decision for a source and destination?
55A developer notices that the application process in a Connect-enabled pod connects to 127.0.0.1:8080 to reach an upstream, but the sidecar proxy's actual listener was assigned a different port. The application is failing to reach the upstream. Which action should the developer take to provide a predictable local address for the upstream?
Be able to wire a service mesh end to end: register services with sidecar proxies, define upstreams, write intentions that permit traffic, and route cross-datacenter calls via mesh gateways. The key thing to get right is that Connect denies by default, so explicit intentions must allow each service-to-service path.
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