Plan and manage database infrastructure

A company runs a production Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance used by a web application. The instance experiences intermittent latency spikes during peak hours. You need to diagnose the cause without downtime. Which tool should you use first?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size and the network bandwidth to Google Cloud is limited to 500 Mbps. The migration window is 48 hours. Which migration strategy should the Database Engineer recommend?

A financial services company uses Cloud Spanner for transaction processing. They need to ensure zero downtime during a schema change that adds a new column with a default value to a large table. Which approach should the Database Engineer take?

A company runs a BigQuery data warehouse. They notice that query performance has degraded over time. The data is loaded daily from Cloud Storage using batch loads. Which action is most likely to improve query performance?

A gaming company uses Memorystore for Redis to cache player session data. They need to ensure high availability with automatic failover in case of a zone failure. Which configuration should the Database Engineer choose?

A company is designing a global application using Cloud Spanner. They need to ensure low latency reads and writes across three continents. Which TWO configurations should they consider?

A company is migrating their on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. The database is 500 GB and they have a 1 Gbps network connection. They want to minimize downtime. Which THREE steps should they take?

Your company runs a critical PostgreSQL database on Cloud SQL. You need to minimize downtime during a schema migration that could take up to 30 minutes. What should you do?

Your team is migrating a 5 TB MySQL database from on-premises to Cloud SQL. The database receives 2,000 writes per second and the network link has 500 Mbps bandwidth. You need to minimize migration time with zero data loss. What should you do?

Your organization requires that all database backups be stored in a different region for disaster recovery. You are using Cloud SQL for MySQL. What backup configuration should you use?

You are designing a database architecture for a global e-commerce application. The application requires low-latency reads in multiple regions and must handle up to 100,000 writes per second globally. Which Google Cloud database solution should you use?

Your team uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and needs to run a one-time data correction query that will update 10 million rows. The instance has 8 vCPUs and 30 GB memory. The query is currently running for hours and impacting production performance. What should you do?

Your company is migrating a 2 TB SQL Server database to Cloud SQL. You need to choose a migration approach that minimizes downtime and supports ongoing changes. Which TWO options meet these requirements?

Your organization uses Cloud Spanner for a global financial application. You are designing a backup and disaster recovery strategy. Which THREE considerations are important for meeting RPO of 1 hour and RTO of 2 hours?

You run the above command to create a Spanner instance. Later, you need to increase the instance's compute capacity to handle higher traffic. What is the correct approach?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. The database is 2 TB and must have minimal downtime during migration. Which migration strategy should the Database Engineer recommend?

A retail company uses Cloud Spanner to handle global transaction processing. The database has a single regional instance in us-central1. The company expects a 10x increase in write traffic from a new mobile app. The database engineer needs to design for low latency writes globally and high availability. What should the Database Engineer do?

A Database Engineer is responsible for managing a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. The engineer needs to ensure that automated backups are retained for 14 days and that point-in-time recovery (PITR) is enabled. Which configuration should the engineer set?

A company runs a critical application on Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The database engineer needs to ensure that if the primary instance fails, a standby instance in a different region can take over with minimal data loss. Which configuration should the Database Engineer implement?

A Database Engineer is designing a tiered storage strategy for a large BigQuery dataset. The dataset contains data that is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, moderately for the next 6 months, and rarely after that. The engineer wants to minimize overall storage cost while maintaining fast query performance on recent data. Which approach should the engineer take?

A Database Engineer is deploying a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance for a financial services application that requires high availability and automatic failover. The engineer also needs to ensure that backups are taken daily and retained for 30 days. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose two.)

A company's Cloud Spanner database currently uses a regional configuration in us-central1. Due to growth, the database must support global reads with low latency and maintain strong consistency. The database engineer is evaluating options. Which THREE considerations should the engineer include in the design? (Choose three.)

Your company is deploying a new application on Google Cloud and needs to choose a database solution. The application requires strong transactional consistency, complex SQL queries, and the ability to scale horizontally for read-heavy workloads. Which database service should you recommend?

A developer reports that an application cannot connect to a Cloud SQL SQL Server instance. The error log shows the message in the exhibit. The instance exists and the user credentials are correct. What is the most likely cause?

A startup is using Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and wants to minimize downtime during maintenance. The application can tolerate a few minutes of read-only mode. Which configuration should they use?

Your company runs a global application on Cloud Spanner. You notice that recent schema changes have caused a significant increase in latency for cross-node transactions. The previous schema used interleaved tables for parent-child relationships, but the new schema uses separate tables with foreign keys. What is the most likely cause of the increased latency?

A company is migrating its on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They want to minimize downtime during the migration. Which TWO actions should they take?

A company uses Cloud Spanner. The backup service account 'sa-backup' needs to create and manage backups of the 'orders' database. However, backup creation fails with a permission error. What is the most likely cause?

Arrange the steps to create and connect to a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance using the gcloud command-line tool.

Arrange the steps to configure high availability for a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance.

Arrange the steps to set up database encryption with Cloud KMS for Cloud SQL.

Match each Google Cloud database service to its primary use case.

Match each database migration term to its description.

Match each Cloud Spanner replication type to its purpose.

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They want to ensure minimal downtime during the migration. Which migration strategy should they use?

A database administrator notices that a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance is experiencing high CPU usage during peak hours. The instance has 4 vCPUs and 15 GB of memory. The query patterns are mostly read-intensive with occasional writes. Which action should the DBA take first to address the high CPU usage?

A company has a Spanner instance with 5 nodes serving a global application. They receive alerts that write latency has increased significantly during business hours in the Asia-Pacific region. The team confirms that no application changes have been made. What is the most likely cause and recommended action?

A team is designing a disaster recovery plan for a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance. The RPO is 5 minutes and RTO is 1 hour. Which configuration meets these requirements?

A database engineer is configuring a Memorystore for Redis instance for a session store application. The application requires persistent storage to survive node failures. Which tier and configuration should be used?

A company runs a BigQuery data warehouse with many scheduled queries and materialized views. They notice that materialized view refreshes are taking longer than expected, causing delays in downstream reports. What is the most effective optimization?

A developer needs to store JSON documents that are frequently accessed by key but rarely updated. The data size is under 10 GB initially but expected to grow to 500 GB. Which database service is most suitable?

A team is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud Spanner. They have a large table with an auto-increment primary key. Which key design strategy should they use to avoid hot spots?

A Cloud SQL for SQL Server instance has been running for months. Recently, the database size grew significantly and now query performance has degraded. The DBA checks the query execution plan and sees index scans. The current storage is 500GB SSD. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A database administrator is planning to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. Which two steps are required to ensure a secure migration?

A company runs a Bigtable instance for time-series data. They need to reduce storage costs without compromising query performance for the most recent 30 days. Which three strategies should they implement?

A team is designing a disaster recovery plan for a Cloud Spanner instance. They want an RPO of 10 minutes and RTO of 5 minutes. Which two features should they use?

What is the correct way to create a Spanner instance with 2 nodes?

A company runs a production Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance. They need to ensure high availability with automatic failover in case of a zone failure. Which configuration should they use?

A company is designing a Cloud Spanner database for a global financial application. They need to minimize latency for customer queries while handling write-heavy workloads. The current design uses a single-region instance in us-central1. Which approach should they take to reduce latency for users in Europe?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable with replication across two clusters in us-east1 and us-west1. They have a critical application that requires strong consistency for all reads after writes. What configuration should they implement to meet this requirement?

A data engineer needs to grant a service account read-only access to a Cloud Storage bucket containing sensitive data. The service account is used by a Compute Engine instance. What is the most secure way to assign the permissions?

A company has a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance with automated backups enabled. They want to ensure they can recover to any point within the last 7 days with minimum storage cost. What should they do?

A financial institution requires all data stored in Cloud Spanner to be encrypted using customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) stored in Cloud KMS. The security team mandates that the key be in a separate project from the Spanner instance. How should the database engineer configure this?

A company wants to store and analyze data with BigQuery. They have customers in Europe and need to comply with GDPR data residency requirements. What should they do to ensure data stays within the European Union?

A company is migrating an application from Datastore to Firestore in Datastore mode. They need to ensure zero downtime during the migration. What is the recommended approach?

A company uses Cloud Memorystore for Redis as a cache for their web application. They want to ensure that cache data survives a failover event with minimal data loss. The current instance has a standard tier (with replication) and persistence disabled. What change should they make?

A company is planning to migrate a large on-premises MySQL database (5 TB) to Cloud SQL. They need to choose the appropriate Cloud SQL edition. Which two factors should they consider? (Choose two.)

A database engineer is designing a schema for a Cloud Spanner database. Which three practices should they follow to ensure good performance? (Choose three.)

A company stores log files in Cloud Storage buckets. The logs are accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely for the next 6 months, after which they must be archived for 7 years. They want to minimize storage costs. Which two actions should they take? (Choose two.)

A company notices that their Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance, as shown in the exhibit, frequently runs out of storage, causing downtime. They have set up automated backups with point-in-time recovery. What is the most likely cause of the storage issue?

A team is reviewing IAM permissions on a Cloud Storage bucket. The exhibit shows the bucket's IAM policy. A developer is using the service account sa-1 and reports that they cannot delete objects in the bucket. What is the likely reason?

A developer runs the command shown in the exhibit and wants to verify that replication is enabled on the Bigtable instance. Where should they look for this information in the output?

A company is migrating their on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to minimize downtime during the migration. Which approach should they use?

A company has a parent-child relationship in Cloud Spanner. They want to minimize cross-table join latency. What should they use?

A Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing hotspotting on a single node during heavy write traffic. The row keys are based on a timestamp prefix. Which change should they make to the row key design to distribute writes evenly?

A mobile app stores user profiles in Firestore. Users are spread globally. Which data model ensures low latency reads and writes?

A company uses Memorystore for Redis as a cache. They need to survive a zone failure. Which configuration should they choose?

A production Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance needs to handle increased read traffic and provide automatic failover in case of a zone outage. Which architecture satisfies both requirements?

An e-commerce platform requires strong consistency across global regions. Which database service should they choose?

A Cloud SQL instance stores financial data. They need to meet a 1-hour RPO and 30-minute RTO. What backup configuration should they use?

A Cloud Spanner instance is experiencing increased latency during peak hours. Monitoring shows CPU utilization nearing 70%. How should they scale?

Which TWO factors are important when selecting the location for a Cloud Spanner instance?

Which THREE actions can reduce read latency for a globally distributed Cloud Spanner database?

Which THREE considerations are critical when migrating from Cassandra to Cloud Bigtable?

Refer to the exhibit. The company wants to achieve a 99.99% SLA for this Cloud SQL instance. What should they do?

Refer to the exhibit. The company plans to store 3 TB of data in this instance. What is the minimum number of nodes required? (Assume 2 TB per node for HDD and 4 TB per node for SSD; this instance uses SSD.)

Refer to the exhibit. The application requires low-latency reads for users in Europe. The current cluster is in us-central1. What should they do?

A company is migrating their on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to minimize downtime during the migration. Which approach should they use?

You need to transfer 10 TB of data from on-premises servers to Cloud Storage for loading into Bigtable. Which method is the most efficient and reliable for this volume?

A Cloud SQL for MySQL instance requires a patch update. How can you minimize downtime during the update?

A company needs to store time-series sensor data with high write throughput (millions of writes per second) and low latency reads. Which database service should they choose?

You need to export data from Cloud Spanner for archival purposes. Which method is most cost-effective?

A Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance is experiencing high CPU usage due to many short-lived connections. Which configuration change can help without application changes?

You need to ensure that read operations on a Cloud Spanner database return the most recent committed data. Which read type should you use?

You are building a globally distributed leaderboard application that requires strongly consistent reads with latency under 10 ms and high write throughput. Which Google Cloud database service is most suitable?

A Cloud SQL instance is running low on disk space. You want to increase disk size with zero downtime. Which action should you take?

You are designing a highly available Cloud SQL for MySQL architecture. Which TWO components are essential?

You are planning capacity for a Cloud Spanner instance. Which TWO factors directly affect the number of nodes required?

A company is planning to migrate their on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL. Which THREE prerequisites must be satisfied?

Refer to the exhibit. This DDL is used to create a table in Cloud Spanner. The table will be used for storing user data with high write throughput. What is one performance issue with this table design?

Refer to the exhibit. After creating this Bigtable instance, the administrator noticed high read latency during peak hours. Which configuration change would most likely help?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer deployed these Firestore security rules. What is a security concern with this configuration?

A company is running a MySQL database on Cloud SQL and needs to optimize for high random read/write performance. Which storage type should they choose?

A global e-commerce platform needs a database that supports strong consistency across multiple continents and can handle high write throughput. Which database service should they choose?

A developer reports that their application cannot connect to a Cloud SQL instance using private IP, but public IP works. The Cloud SQL instance is in VPC peering with the application's VPC. The application is in the same region. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to ensure point-in-time recovery for their PostgreSQL database on Cloud SQL. What must they enable?

A company is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud Spanner. The Oracle database has complex stored procedures and triggers. What is the best approach?

A company's application using Cloud Bigtable is experiencing high read latency. The row keys are based on a timestamp prefix. Which design change is most likely to improve performance?

A company needs a cross-region disaster recovery solution for their Cloud SQL MySQL database. Which feature should they use?

A company collects sensor data from millions of devices globally. Each write is a small record with a device ID and timestamp. They need low write latency and high availability. Which database should they choose?

A Cloud Spanner database is experiencing high CPU utilization on one node. Users report slow queries. The table uses a UUID primary key. What is the most effective action?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer tries to connect to a Cloud SQL instance from a VM using the public IP. The connection fails with this error. What should the developer do to fix the connection?

Refer to the exhibit. A company creates these Cloud Spanner tables. What happens when a customer record is deleted?

Refer to the exhibit. A company wants to perform point-in-time recovery (PITR) for their Cloud SQL MySQL instance. Is PITR enabled?

A Cloud Spanner database is experiencing high CPU utilization and latency. The workload is read-heavy with occasional writes. Which TWO actions would most effectively improve performance?

A company is building a microservices architecture and needs to choose a database per service. Which THREE factors should they consider?

A company plans to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. Which THREE steps should they include in their migration plan?

A company plans to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. The database is 2 TB in size and requires minimal downtime. Which migration approach should they use?

An e-commerce application uses Cloud Spanner for its global inventory database. The application experiences high write latency during peak hours. After reviewing the schema, the database engineer notices that the primary key is an auto-incrementing integer. What is the most likely cause of the high write latency?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL with a failover replica. The primary instance is in us-central1 and the replica is in us-east1. During a regional outage in us-central1, the database engineer executes an emergency failover to the replica. After the failover, applications experience high latency when writing to the new primary. What is the most likely cause?

A startup is building a mobile app that requires a highly available, globally distributed, low-latency NoSQL database. The data model is key-value with occasional queries on a secondary field. Which database service should they choose?

A financial services company runs a critical application on Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They require point-in-time recovery (PITR) with the ability to recover to any second within the past 7 days. However, their current backup configuration only allows recovery to the previous 7 days, but not within seconds. What should they do to enable PITR?

A company uses Cloud Spanner with a multi-region configuration (nam7) to support a global user base. They notice increased read latency for users in Europe, while write latency is acceptable. The database engineer observes that most queries are single-row reads using the primary key. What is the best approach to reduce read latency for European users?

A company needs to store session data for a web application that runs on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The data is temporary and high-availability is required. Which database service is most appropriate?

A company is migrating a large Oracle database to Cloud Spanner. The source database uses sequences for primary key generation. The database engineer needs to design the Cloud Spanner schema to avoid hotspotting. What primary key design should they recommend?

An organization has a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance that stores sensitive data. They need to encrypt the data at rest using a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK). The database engineer creates a Cloud KMS key ring and key, and configures the Cloud SQL instance to use CMEK. However, after 30 days, the instance becomes inaccessible and the error message indicates the CMEK key is disabled. What is the most likely cause?

A database engineer is reviewing the configuration of a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. The backup configuration shows binaryLogEnabled and pointInTimeRecoveryEnabled set to true. However, the engineer is unable to perform a point-in-time recovery (PITR) to a specific second within the last 30 days. What is the most likely reason?

A manufacturing company is deploying a time-series database for sensor data on Cloud Bigtable. They expect 100 TB of data per year and need low-latency reads on row keys within the last hour. Which TWO design choices should they make?

A global retail company uses Cloud Spanner to manage product inventory. They need to apply a schema change to add a new column to a table that has 10 billion rows. Which THREE strategies should they consider to minimize downtime?

A company is planning to migrate a self-managed MongoDB database to a fully managed Google Cloud service. They need to maintain high availability and support complex queries with aggregation pipelines. Which TWO services should they consider?

A company runs a critical application on Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with a primary instance in us-central1 and a cross-region read replica in us-west1 for disaster recovery. The database engineer is responsible for ensuring that in the event of a regional outage in us-central1, the application can continue with minimal data loss and within 15 minutes of downtime. The application writes about 1000 transactions per second. The current setup has automated backups enabled with point-in-time recovery (7-day retention) and the cross-region replica is configured with asynchronous replication. Which action should the database engineer take to meet the recovery objectives?

A company uses Cloud Firestore in Datastore mode for a multi-tenant SaaS application. Each tenant has a separate namespace. The application has grown rapidly, and the database engineer notices that write throughput is degrading. Monitoring shows that the number of writes per second is high but within Firestore limits. However, the latency for writes is increasing linearly with the number of tenants. The engineer suspects that index management is causing the problem. The current schema uses automatic indexes for all properties. What is the best corrective action?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. The database is 2 TB and has a high write workload. They need minimal downtime. Which migration approach is best?

A financial services company uses Cloud Spanner for transaction processing. They notice increased latency during peak hours. They suspect a hot spot. What is the best way to diagnose the issue?

A company wants to migrate a 100 GB MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal application changes. Which migration tool should they use?

An e-commerce site uses Cloud SQL for MySQL. They need read scalability for product catalog queries. What should they do?

A company has a Cloud SQL instance with a 500 GB database. They need to perform a major version upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to 8.0 with minimal downtime. Which strategy should they use?

A developer needs a local development database that mirrors a Cloud SQL instance. What is the best practice?

Which TWO database services are fully managed and support global distribution of data for low-latency reads and writes?

Refer to the exhibit. A company has a Cloud Spanner instance with the backup configuration shown. They need to improve disaster recovery. Which THREE strategies should they implement?

Which TWO actions can a team take immediately to resolve a Cloud SQL instance running out of storage?

A global gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for user profiles and game state. They have a single-region instance in us-central1. Recently, they launched in Europe and notice high latency for European users. They also need to ensure data locality compliance (GDPR). The database is heavily written with throughput spikes. They want to minimize latency without sacrificing write throughput. They consider adding a secondary index on region column. What is the best course of action?

A news website uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for content management. They experience slow reads during breaking news events. They have a single primary instance in us-east1. They need to improve read scalability globally. They also want to ensure data is backed up in another region. What should they do?

A small business runs a Cloud SQL instance with 10 GB data. They want to automate daily backups with 7-day retention. They also need to restore quickly if needed. What is the simplest solution?

A financial firm uses Cloud Spanner with a single-region configuration. They must meet regulatory requirements for disaster recovery across continents. They need to recover within 1 hour RTO and RPO of 5 minutes. Current workload: 50k writes/sec. What should they do?

An online retailer uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to scale for a seasonal peak. They expect 2x current traffic. Their current instance is 16 vCPU, 64 GB RAM, 1 TB storage. The peak lasts 4 hours. They want to handle it without downtime. What is the best approach?

A healthcare company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for patient records. They need to export data for a compliance audit. They must ensure the export includes all changes within a specific time window (e.g., last 24 hours). They have binary logging enabled. What is the best method to obtain a consistent snapshot of the data as of the audit time?

A company is migrating their on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They want to minimize downtime during the cutover. Which two strategies should the database engineer recommend? (Choose 2.)

A company runs a Spanner instance with a single region configuration. They are experiencing increased latency for writes when there is a network disruption between their application and the Spanner instance. The application is deployed in the same region. What should the database engineer do to minimize write latency during such disruptions?

A global e-commerce company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL to store inventory data. They have a single primary instance in us-central1 and two read replicas in us-west1 and europe-west1 for local reads. Recently, the primary instance experienced a hardware failure causing an outage. The failover to a Cloud SQL high availability (HA) instance took 2 minutes. However, during that time, inventory updates were lost because the binary log position was not fully synchronized. The company requires zero data loss for inventory updates. What should the database engineer do?

A financial services company runs a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance for transactional data. They need to conduct regular security audits and compliance checks. The database engineer must ensure that all connections to the database are encrypted and that access is restricted to authorized VMs only. The database is currently accessible from the internet via an authorized network with a public IP. What should the database engineer do to meet these requirements?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They need to minimize downtime during migration. Which TWO steps should they take?

Refer to the exhibit. A database administrator notices that the Spanner instance has only 3 nodes, but the application experiences high read latency during peak hours. The team needs to improve performance without over-provisioning. What should they do?

A company uses Cloud Spanner with a multi-region configuration (nam3) for a global application. They notice that write latency has increased significantly during peak hours. After investigation, they find that the number of splits has increased from 10 to 50, and the CPU utilization on most nodes is below 10%. However, writes are being throttled due to excessive hot spots on a few nodes. What should they do?