Design Scalable and Highly Available Cloud Database Solutions

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL 8.0 OLTP application to Google Cloud. The application requires high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which Google Cloud database and configuration should they use?

An e-commerce company is designing a global product inventory system that requires strong consistency across regions, horizontal scaling for millions of users, and 99.999% availability. Which Google Cloud database meets all these requirements?

A company is designing a Bigtable schema for time-series data from millions of devices. Each device sends a reading every minute. The row key is currently 'device_id#timestamp'. The engineering team notices hot spots on a few popular devices. Which row key design change would BEST distribute writes across the cluster?

A mobile app developer wants a serverless NoSQL database that automatically syncs data offline and provides security rules for access control. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A financial services company requires a relational database that can handle hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads with sub-millisecond transactional latency and real-time analytics without ETL. Which Google Cloud database is BEST suited?

A company is using Cloud Spanner for a global user database. They need to read recent orders for a user with strong consistency. The application currently uses stale reads with a max staleness of 10 seconds. Some users see inconsistent data. What is the BEST approach to guarantee strong consistency without significantly impacting latency?

An engineer is configuring Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with HA. They notice that after a failover, the original primary instance does not automatically resume as a standby. What is the likely cause?

Which Google Cloud database service should be used to implement a low-latency session store for a web application that requires pub/sub capabilities and rate limiting?

A company is migrating a Cassandra-based time-series application to Google Cloud. They need to maintain single-digit millisecond write latency at petabyte scale. Which Google Cloud database is the BEST replacement?

An engineer is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a social media application. The Users table and the Posts table have a parent-child relationship. To optimize read performance for fetching all posts of a user, which schema design approach should be used?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for ad tech data. They have a single table with a column family containing frequently accessed columns and another with rarely accessed columns. To optimize performance, what column family design change should they implement?

Which Google Cloud database is a serverless data warehouse designed for analytical queries on petabyte-scale data, with SQL interface and built-in machine learning capabilities?

A company is designing a disaster recovery strategy for a global e-commerce platform using Cloud Spanner. They need to ensure that the system can survive a regional outage with minimal data loss and automatic failover. Which TWO configurations should they choose? (Choose 2.)

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for IoT data ingestion. They are experiencing high latency and write throttling. The current row key format is 'device_id#timestamp'. Which THREE actions can help distribute the write load and reduce hotspots? (Choose 3.)

A company is building a real-time leaderboard for an online game using Memorystore for Redis. They need to support millions of concurrent users, update scores frequently, and retrieve top 100 players. Which TWO features should they use? (Choose 2.)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

You are designing a global e-commerce application with a product catalog that must be strongly consistent across continents and have 99.999% availability. Transactions must span multiple items and maintain ACID guarantees. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

A startup is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL 14 database to Cloud SQL. The database is 500 GB and handles OLTP workloads. They want to minimize downtime during migration. Which approach should they use?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user profile table. The primary key is a UUID generated client-side. Users report high write latency and hotspotting on a specific node. What is the most likely cause?

A mobile app needs to synchronize user data across devices with offline support. The data is structured as documents with hierarchical relationships. Which Google Cloud database is best suited for this use case?

You are configuring Cloud Bigtable for a financial market data application. Write throughput is critical, and row keys are based on stock symbols. You notice significant write latency on a few nodes. What is the most effective way to improve write distribution?

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with HA configuration. During a regional outage, the standby fails over to the primary. What is the expected recovery point objective (RPO) and recovery time objective (RTO)?

Which Cloud Spanner configuration provides the highest availability and global read scalability?

You need to design a system that handles both high-frequency OLTP transactions and real-time analytical queries on the same dataset with low latency. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

A company uses Memorystore for Redis as a session store. They observe that sessions are evicted before their TTL expires, causing users to be logged out prematurely. Which action should they take?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema with a parent Orders table and an OrderItems child table. Queries frequently join Orders and OrderItems on OrderId. Which feature should you use to optimize read performance?

Which Google Cloud database service is fully serverless and can scale to zero when not in use, making it cost-effective for variable workloads?

A company wants to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal downtime. Which two steps should they take? (Choose two.)

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for an AdTech platform. Queries often filter by campaign ID and date range. Which three row key design practices should you consider to avoid hotspots and optimize performance? (Choose three.)

A company is deploying a globally distributed user authentication service using Cloud Spanner. They need strong consistency for all reads and writes. Which two features should they use? (Choose two.)

An e-commerce company is migrating its on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They require synchronous replication to a standby instance in the same region for automatic failover with zero RPO. Which Cloud SQL configuration should they use?

A development team needs a serverless NoSQL document database for a new mobile application that requires offline synchronization for users. The database should scale automatically and integrate with Firebase Authentication. Which Google Cloud database meets these requirements?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user profile table. User IDs are integers from a sequence. You need to avoid hot spots during writes. Which primary key design is best?

A financial services company needs a globally distributed database that provides ACID transactions across regions with 99.999% availability SLA. The workload is transactional, with up to 10,000 transactions per second. Which database should they choose?

You need to create a Cloud Bigtable table to store time-series data for millions of IoT devices. Each device sends a reading every minute. You want to avoid hot spotting on row keys. Which row key design is recommended?

An application needs a low-latency in-memory cache to reduce database load and improve response times. The cache must support pub/sub messaging and rate limiting. Which GCP service should be used?

A startup is building a social media application with a global user base. They need a database that can handle millions of concurrent users, provide strong consistency, and scale horizontally. They expect high write throughput and need to run complex SQL queries. Which database is most suitable?

You have a Cloud Bigtable instance with a single table that stores user events. You need to ensure that data older than 30 days is automatically deleted. What should you configure?

A company needs to run hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database. They want to use in-database ML inference and require 4x faster OLTP performance compared to standard PostgreSQL. Which database should they choose?

A mobile app needs to store user preferences as a simple key-value store. The data is infrequently accessed and should be highly available with no operational overhead. The app is already using Firebase. Which database is the best fit?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema with a parent table 'Customers' and a child table 'Orders'. To optimize read performance for retrieving a customer and their orders in a single split, you should use:

You need to migrate a large on-premises PostgreSQL database to AlloyDB with minimal downtime. The database is 2 TB. Which migration strategy should you use?

Your company runs a global e-commerce platform that requires strong consistency for transactions and the ability to scale writes horizontally. You are evaluating database options. Which TWO Google Cloud databases meet these requirements? (Choose 2)

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application. To optimize performance and avoid hot spots, which THREE row key design practices should you follow? (Choose 3)

You are migrating a MySQL application to Cloud SQL. The application uses a read-heavy workload with occasional writes. You need to offload read traffic to replicas and ensure high availability. Which THREE steps should you take? (Choose 3)

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL OLTP application to Google Cloud. They need a managed database with high availability, automatic failover, and zero RPO. Which database service should they choose?

A global e-commerce platform requires a database that can handle millions of concurrent users, provide strong transactional consistency across regions, and achieve 99.999% availability SLA. Which database is the best fit?

A financial trading application uses Cloud Spanner for order processing. To reduce latency for read-heavy operations, the team wants to allow stale reads with a bounded staleness of 10 seconds. Which Spanner API or method should they use to achieve this?

A team is designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application that records sensor readings every second. They need to avoid write hotspots. Which row key design is most appropriate?

A mobile app startup needs a serverless, scalable NoSQL database that supports offline sync and real-time updates. Which database should they choose?

A company wants to run HTAP workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database with a built-in columnar engine for faster analytics on transactional data. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A Cloud Spanner instance is experiencing high latency for global secondary index queries. The team notices that queries on the secondary index are performing full table scans instead of index scans. What is the most likely cause?

Which Google Cloud database service is designed as a fully managed, in-memory data store for caching, session management, and pub/sub messaging?

A team is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a hierarchical product catalog with categories and products. They want to ensure that products are stored in the same split as their parent category for low-latency queries. Which feature should they use?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for an ad-tech application with billions of ad impressions per day. They need to perform point reads on individual rows as well as scans over time ranges. Which column family design is recommended?

A Cloud SQL for MySQL instance configured with HA is experiencing a failover event. The application team reports that the database became unavailable for about 60 seconds during the failover. They want to minimize future downtime. What should they do?

A gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for its global leaderboard. The leaderboard is updated frequently by millions of users. They notice that write latency spikes during peak hours due to hotspotting on the leaderboard table. Which schema change would best mitigate this?

A social media company is building a real-time analytics platform to process user activity streams. They need to ingest millions of events per second, store them for 30 days, and query with sub-10ms latency. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they use together? (Choose 2)

A company is designing a multi-region Cloud Spanner deployment for a global user base. They want to ensure the lowest possible read latency for users in North America and Europe while maintaining strong consistency. Which THREE configuration choices should they make? (Choose 3)

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Google Cloud. They need a managed relational database with high availability, but they are not ready to redesign their schema for sharding. They also want to reduce licensing costs. Which TWO Google Cloud database services should they consider? (Choose 2)

A company needs a globally distributed, strongly consistent relational database with horizontal scaling and a 99.999% SLA for a financial application. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A company is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user database. They anticipate high write throughput and want to avoid hotspotting on the primary key. Which primary key design strategy is MOST appropriate?

A Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing high read latency on a table storing time-series data. The row key is a concatenation of metric_type, timestamp, and device_id. Most queries filter by metric_type and a time range. Which row key redesign would MOST improve read performance?

A company wants to lift-and-shift an existing on-premises MySQL OLTP application to Google Cloud with minimal changes. They need up to 64 TB of storage and 96 vCPUs. Which database service should they use?

A Cloud Spanner database has a table Orders with a child table OrderItems. Queries often join Orders and OrderItems on OrderID. Which schema design optimizes performance for these joins?

A mobile app needs to store user preferences and allow offline read-write sync when the device reconnects. The data is simple key-value pairs. Which Google Cloud database is MOST suitable?

A company needs to run a PostgreSQL-compatible database with 4x faster OLTP performance than standard PostgreSQL, and also wants to run analytical queries on the same data without extracting to a separate system. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A global e-commerce application uses Cloud Spanner. Some queries need to read data that is up to 10 seconds stale to reduce latency. How can the application achieve this while minimizing read latency?

A Cloud Bigtable cluster is under heavy write load, and you notice write latency spikes. The row key pattern is domain_reversed_timestamp (e.g., com.example.2024-01-15T10:00:00). Which row key modification would BEST reduce write hotspots?

A company wants to achieve 0 RPO for a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. Which configuration should they use?

A company needs a managed Redis instance for caching and pub/sub messaging in their application. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A Cloud Spanner query that uses a secondary index is taking longer than expected. The index includes a large payload column. How can the query performance be improved?

A company is designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application. The application writes data from millions of devices and reads recent data by device ID and time range. Which TWO design patterns should they implement to optimize performance? (Select TWO.)

A financial services company is migrating a globally distributed trading application to Cloud Spanner. They need strong consistency and low-latency reads across regions. Which THREE configurations should they choose? (Select THREE.)

A company uses Firestore in Native mode for a mobile app. They need to enforce security rules to allow users to read and write only their own data. Which TWO steps are required? (Select TWO.)

A startup is building a mobile app that needs offline support and real-time synchronization across devices. The data is primarily user profiles and activity logs. Which Google Cloud database would best meet these requirements?

A global e-commerce company needs a database for its order processing system that can handle high write throughput across multiple regions, with strong consistency and 99.999% availability. The data model is relational with joins. Which database should they choose?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user database. Users are identified by a UUID. You notice hotspotting on a specific node during writes. What is the most effective way to resolve this?

A company runs a high-traffic web application that reads session data frequently. They want to reduce latency and offload database load. Which Google Cloud service should they use as a caching layer?

Your Bigtable cluster is experiencing high latency for a table that stores IoT sensor data. The row key format is deviceID#timestamp. You discover that most reads query the last hour of data for a few devices. How can you optimize row key design to improve read performance?

You need a managed database service for a lift-and-shift migration of an on-premises SQL Server 2019 OLTP application with up to 64 TB of data. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

A financial services firm needs a database for real-time fraud detection. The workload requires sub-millisecond read latency on transactions and the ability to run complex SQL analytics on the same data. Which database should they choose?

Your Cloud Spanner database runs a query that uses a secondary index. The query plan shows an 'Index Join' operation. What can you do to eliminate this join and improve query performance?

Which Google Cloud database service provides automatic failover with synchronous replication and 0 RPO within a single region?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for AdTech clickstream data. They notice that some tables have many deleted rows and the storage cost is increasing. What should they configure to automatically remove deleted data and reduce storage?

Your application uses Cloud Spanner with strong reads, but you are experiencing high latency for read requests. You don't need absolute consistency for every read; stale data up to 5 seconds is acceptable. How can you reduce read latency?

A company needs to analyze terabytes of log data for business intelligence. The queries are complex SQL aggregations and run periodically. The data is read-only after ingestion. Which Google Cloud database is most suitable?

A gaming company wants to store player profiles and game state data that require strong consistency and the ability to run SQL queries. They also need to support real-time leaderboards with high write throughput. Which two Google Cloud databases should they consider? (Choose 2)

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application that stores metrics from millions of devices. The row key is currently deviceID#timestamp. You want to avoid hotspotting on writes and optimize scan performance for reading all data from a specific device within a time range. Which two row key design strategies should you apply? (Choose 2)

Which three of the following are managed database services offered by Google Cloud that support SQL or SQL-like query languages? (Choose 3)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

You are designing a global user-facing application that requires strong consistency, horizontal scalability, and 99.999% availability across multiple continents. Which database service should you choose?

A Cloud Spanner table uses a UUID as the primary key. The application is experiencing high write latency and hotspotting. Which design change would BEST resolve the issue?

Which Google Cloud database is serverless, supports offline data synchronization for mobile applications, and provides real-time updates via listeners?

A financial application requires ACID transactions across multiple rows and tables in a single region with less than 10ms latency and strong consistency. The application must handle up to 10,000 transactions per second. Which database should you use?

You are migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database (OLTP, 200 GB) to Google Cloud. The database requires high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which configuration should you use?

Your Bigtable instance is experiencing high latency on read queries that scan a large range of rows. The row keys are timestamps in descending order (e.g., '2024-01-01#user123'). What is the most likely cause?

Which Google Cloud service would you use to cache session data for a web application to reduce database load? The cache must support pub/sub messaging and have sub-millisecond latency.

You need to design a database for a global inventory management system that requires strong consistency across regions and can handle millions of updates per day. The system must maintain ACID transactions across multiple warehouses. Which database service and configuration would you choose?

A company runs an OLTP workload on Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to run complex analytical queries on the same data without impacting transaction performance. Which service should they add?

You are using Cloud Spanner and need to read data that is consistent as of a specific point in time, but you can tolerate staleness up to 10 seconds. Which read type should you use to achieve the best performance?

Your mobile app uses Firestore to store user profiles. You need to restrict access so that users can only read/write their own data. Which Firestore feature should you use?

You are designing a Bigtable data model for an ad-tech platform that tracks user impressions. Which TWO row key design practices should you implement to avoid hotspots and ensure even distribution?

You need to select a Google Cloud database for a global e-commerce platform that requires strong consistency for inventory updates, but can tolerate eventual consistency for product reviews. Which THREE services would you consider appropriate for the different parts of the platform?

You are configuring a Cloud Spanner database for a financial application. You need to ensure that queries on the 'Orders' table by 'customer_id' are efficient without performing a full table scan. You also want to avoid index joins when possible. Which TWO actions should you take?

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner database for a global user application that must enforce strong consistency across regions. The primary key of the main table is a UUID. You notice that write latency is high and suspect hotspotting. Which design change is MOST likely to reduce hotspotting?

You need a fully managed, relational OLTP database that is PostgreSQL-compatible and can run analytical queries on the same data without extract-transform-load (ETL). Which Google Cloud database should you use?

You manage a global ecommerce platform using Cloud Spanner. You need to support a query that joins two tables on a foreign key relationship. The tables are parent and child in an interleaved table hierarchy. Which statement about performance is TRUE?

A social media app uses Firestore in Native mode. The app has a feature that shows a user's recent posts. The query sorts by timestamp descending and limits to 10 results. As the user base grows, the queries become slow. Which optimization should you implement FIRST?

You want to configure Cloud SQL for MySQL with high availability (HA). The application requires that failover be automatic and that the failover replica is in a different zone within the same region. Which configuration should you use?

Which Google Cloud database service is serverless, supports mobile and web apps with offline data synchronization, and provides document-level security rules?

You need a caching layer for a web application that handles high read traffic. The cache must support pub/sub messaging for cache invalidation across multiple servers. Which service should you use?

You are designing a Bigtable schema for an ad-tech platform that tracks ad impressions. Each impression has a unique ID, timestamp, user ID, and campaign ID. Queries frequently filter by user ID and time range. Which row key design is MOST appropriate to avoid hotspots and support efficient range scans?

You have a Cloud Spanner database with a table that has a secondary index. You notice that queries using the index are performing a back join to the base table. Which index feature can you use to avoid this back join?

You need a database that provides 99.999% availability SLA, global distribution, and supports ACID transactions across regions. Which Google Cloud database meets these requirements?

You want to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal downtime. The source database is 500 GB. Which approach is recommended?

You are designing a globally distributed ecommerce platform that uses Cloud Spanner for order processing. The platform needs to support high read throughput with low latency for product catalog queries. Which two features should you use? (Choose TWO.)

You are designing a Bigtable schema for a financial data application that stores trade records. Each trade has a trade ID, symbol, timestamp, price, and volume. Queries include fetching all trades for a symbol in a time range. Which three row key design practices should you apply? (Choose THREE.)

You need to set up disaster recovery for a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance that is currently configured with a HA instance in us-central1. You want a standby in a different region (us-west1) with automated failover. Which two steps should you take? (Choose TWO.)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

A financial services company is building a global payment system that requires strong ACID transactions across multiple regions, with 99.999% availability and automatic failover. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A mobile app team wants to store user session state with low latency and support for pub/sub messaging. They need a managed service that automatically scales. Which database is BEST suited for this?

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL application to AlloyDB for improved OLTP performance and the ability to run analytical queries on the same data. Which feature of AlloyDB BEST supports this hybrid HTAP workload?

A team is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user directory. To avoid write hotspots, which key design strategy should they use?

A Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing high latency for reads of recent data. The row keys start with a timestamp. What is the MOST likely cause?

An e-commerce company wants to use Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with high availability (HA) in the same region. What is the RPO (Recovery Point Objective) of Cloud SQL HA configuration?

A team is designing a Firestore database for a global mobile game. They need to support offline play and sync data when the device is online. Which Firestore feature enables offline sync?

Which Google Cloud database is serverless and automatically scales to zero when not in use, making it cost-effective for variable workloads?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency using a one-time migration. Which approach should they use?

A team is using Cloud Spanner and needs to query a secondary index with a STORING clause. What is the benefit of using STORING?

A company needs to run analytics on their Cloud SQL database without affecting OLTP performance. They want to use a read replica. What is the BEST practice?

A global e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner. They need to design a schema for product inventory that supports high write throughput and avoids hotspots. Which TWO practices should they follow? (Select 2 answers)

A company is deploying a microservices application on Google Cloud. They need a database for each service: one for user profiles (relational, high availability), one for product catalog (NoSQL, low latency), and one for session caching. Which THREE services should they use? (Select 3 answers)

A DevOps team is troubleshooting high latency in a Cloud Bigtable instance. They notice that the row keys are lexicographically sorted timestamps. Which TWO actions will MOST improve performance? (Select 2 answers)

A company needs a globally distributed relational database that provides strong ACID transactions across regions and a 99.999% availability SLA. Which Google Cloud database service meets these requirements?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL for its inventory database. To meet a higher availability requirement, they decide to enable the HA configuration. What is the expected recovery point objective (RPO) with Cloud SQL HA?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user profile table with primary key UserId (UUID). Users frequently access their own profiles. Which index design minimizes read latency and avoids hotspotting?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL OLTP application to Cloud SQL. The application requires 48 vCPU, 312 GB RAM, and 30 TB of storage. Which Cloud SQL edition and tier should they choose?

You are designing a Bigtable row key for an IoT telemetry application that writes one row per device per minute. Devices are identified by a 12-character device ID. To avoid write hotspots, which row key design is most appropriate?

A mobile app developer wants to store user preferences and provide offline sync capabilities. The database should be serverless and automatically scale with usage. Which Google Cloud database is best suited?

A company runs a global stock trading platform that requires strong consistency across regions. They need to read the latest account balance after each trade. Which Cloud Spanner read mode should they use?

You are using Cloud Bigtable to store time-series financial market data. To ensure high availability across zones, you configure cluster replication. What is the recommended replication topology for automatic failover?

A developer is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a blog application with tables: Posts (PostId, AuthorId, Title, Content) and Comments (CommentId, PostId, Author, Text). They want to store comments near their parent post for efficient retrieval. Which schema design should they use?

An organization wants to cache frequently accessed session data for a web application to reduce database load. They require sub-millisecond latency and support for pub/sub messaging. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A company wants to run hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database with built-in columnar engine for faster analytical queries. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

You are tuning a Cloud Bigtable table used for analytics. One column family, 'data', contains both frequently accessed columns (e.g., 'price', 'volume') and rarely accessed columns (e.g., 'raw_json'). To optimize performance and cost, what column family design is recommended?

A company is designing a global inventory system using Cloud Spanner. They need to ensure data consistency across regions while minimizing latency for read-heavy workloads. Which two strategies should they consider? (Choose two.)

You need to design a Firestore database for a mobile chat application that supports real-time updates and offline access. The app requires that users can only read and write their own messages. Which three configurations should you implement? (Choose three.)

A financial services company uses BigQuery for analytics but needs to store transactional data with strong consistency and sub-millisecond latency. They are considering Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner, and Firestore. Which two services meet all requirements? (Choose two.)

A financial services company needs a globally distributed database with strong consistency across continents, 99.999% SLA, and support for ACID transactions. They expect millions of transactions per day. Which Google Cloud database should they use?

A retail company needs a scalable NoSQL database for a mobile app with offline synchronization, real-time updates, and flexible security rules. The data model is document-based. Which Google Cloud service should they choose?

Which of the following is NOT a valid use case for Cloud Bigtable?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to reduce read load on the primary instance and provide low-latency reads for geographically distributed users. Which configuration should they implement?

A DevOps engineer is designing a row key for a Bigtable table storing user activity logs. The pattern is: user_id (UUID) + timestamp. On a cluster with 10 nodes, they observe severe hotspotting on a single node during peak writes. Which row key design change would likely resolve this issue?

Which Google Cloud database service provides a fully managed, in-memory caching solution compatible with the Redis protocol?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Google Cloud. They need high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which Cloud SQL configuration should they choose?

A gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for their global leaderboard. They want to reduce the number of stale reads and improve read performance while maintaining strong consistency for writes. Which TWO strategies should they implement? (Choose two)

A data engineer is designing a Bigtable schema for a global ad-tech platform. The workload includes time-series clickstream data with row keys like 'advertiser_id#campaign_id#timestamp'. They are experiencing uneven load distribution. Which TWO row key design changes would best distribute writes across nodes? (Choose two)

A startup is building a mobile app with user-generated content (text and images). They need a database that provides offline support, real-time synchronization, and flexible security rules. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they consider? (Choose two)

A company is using Cloud Spanner for a global inventory system. They need to ensure that queries for an order and its line items are fast. Which THREE design choices will help achieve this? (Choose three)

A healthcare company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL to store patient records. They need to implement a disaster recovery plan with cross-region failover capability and minimal data loss. Which TWO steps should they take? (Choose two)

A company needs to run HTAP (hybrid transactional/analytical processing) workloads on PostgreSQL. They require 4x faster OLTP performance than standard PostgreSQL and the ability to run analytical queries directly on transactional data without ETL. Which TWO Google Cloud databases should they consider? (Choose two)

A developer is using Firestore in Native mode for a mobile app. They want to secure data access based on user authentication. Which TWO mechanisms should they use? (Choose two)

A company runs a global e-commerce site on Cloud Spanner. They notice that some queries on the Orders table by customer_id are slow because customer_id is not part of the primary key (order_id). They want to avoid full table scans. Which TWO actions will improve query performance? (Choose two)

A retail company is migrating its on-premises PostgreSQL OLTP database to Google Cloud. They require high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. The application is latency-sensitive and must remain in a single region. Which TWO configurations should they choose? (Choose TWO.)

A mobile application developer needs a serverless NoSQL database that supports offline data synchronization across devices and real-time updates. Which Google Cloud database service should they use?

A financial services company is designing a globally distributed ledger system using Cloud Spanner. They need to support high write throughput, avoid hotspots, and ensure fast queries on a customer_id column. The primary key is currently a UUID. Which THREE design changes should they implement? (Choose THREE.)

An e-commerce platform uses Memorystore for Redis as a session store. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency and some sessions are evicted. The application currently uses a Standard Tier instance with 5 GB of memory. What is the MOST effective solution to improve performance and prevent evictions?

A company is migrating a MySQL OLTP database to Cloud SQL. The database has a peak of 10,000 read queries per second (QPS) and 2,000 write QPS. The team wants to reduce read latency and offload read traffic from the primary instance. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose TWO.)