Be able to place each resilience control correctly: connectionPool and outlierDetection in DestinationRule, timeouts, retries, and fault injection in VirtualService. The key skill is knowing which resource and field enforces circuit breaking versus request-level timeouts and retries.
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Domain overview
This domain covers Istio's resilience features: traffic policies for circuit breaking, outlier detection, retries, and timeouts, plus fault injection with HTTP abort and delay. Questions test where each setting lives (DestinationRule vs VirtualService), how the two resources interact, and which fields control connection-pool and ejection behavior.
Exam objectives
Configuring connectionPool limits in a DestinationRule to cap concurrent connections and pending requests
Setting VirtualService http timeout and retries fields to bound request duration and retry attempts
Tuning outlier detection via consecutive5xxErrors, interval, baseEjectionTime, and maxEjectionPercent
Injecting faults with VirtualService http fault abort (HTTP status) and delay (fixed duration)
Putting circuit-breaking connectionPool settings in the VirtualService instead of the DestinationRule, where they actually belong
Confusing retries with timeouts, or setting a per-try timeout that exceeds the overall request timeout
Assuming outlier detection ejects hosts permanently; ejection is temporary and governed by baseEjectionTime and maxEjectionPercent
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Which THREE settings are part of the 'outlierDetection' configuration in a DestinationRule?
2To test how your application handles service unavailability, you want to return an HTTP 503 error for 20% of requests to the 'catalog' service. Which fault injection setting do you use?
3You want to limit the number of concurrent connections to the 'payment' service to 100. Where is this configuration set?
4You need to limit the number of concurrent connections to the 'order-service' to prevent cascading failures. Which Istio resource should you configure?
5You have a DestinationRule with outlier detection enabled. If a host returns 5 consecutive 5xx errors and the 'interval' is set to 1s, what happens if 'baseEjectionTime' is 30s?
6You need to ensure that a request to the 'orders' service times out if it takes longer than 2 seconds. Which field in the VirtualService should you configure?
7To test the resilience of your microservice architecture, you want to introduce a 5-second delay to 50% of the requests directed to the 'catalog-service'. Where do you define this configuration?
8You want to configure your microservice to be more resilient. Which THREE of the following are valid fields within an 'outlierDetection' policy in a DestinationRule?
9An application is experiencing intermittent errors. You decide to use outlier detection to eject unhealthy pods. Which field in the DestinationRule controls the ejection of hosts after a certain number of 5xx errors?
10You need to limit the number of concurrent connections to the 'orders' service. Which field in the DestinationRule do you configure?
11A service is returning 5xx errors frequently. You want to eject instances that return 5 consecutive 5xx errors. Which OutlierDetection setting is required?
12Where do you define the connection pool settings for a service?
13Which of the following is a valid method for performing fault injection?
14You notice that a pod is being ejected by Outlier Detection despite only having occasional errors. How do you increase the interval between ejection scans?
15You want to ensure that a request to the 'search' service fails fast if it takes longer than 2 seconds. How is this configured?
16You want to ensure that a pod is only ejected if it fails consistently. Which setting is most appropriate?
17When configuring circuit breaking, what does 'maxRequestsPerConnection' control?
18Which resource is used to configure circuit breaking for a service?
19What happens when a circuit breaker trips?
20What is the primary purpose of adding a timeout to a service call?
21Which field defines how long an ejected pod remains out of the rotation?
22Can you configure fault injection for specific traffic patterns, such as user headers?
23In OutlierDetection, what is the effect of setting 'maxEjectionPercent' to 0?
24How do you specify the percentage of traffic that should experience a fault?
25Which component is responsible for the actual enforcement of circuit breaking and fault injection?
26What is the consequence of having a timeout that is shorter than the average latency of the service?
27What happens if a request times out in Istio?
28What is the recommended way to test fault injection in a production environment?
29Which of the following describes the difference between Circuit Breaking and Outlier Detection?
30How do you define a circuit breaker that limits the number of pending requests?
31What is the default value for 'consecutive5xx' in OutlierDetection?
32Which TWO of the following are valid fields within a DestinationRule's 'trafficPolicy'?
33Which TWO of the following are valid fault injection types in Istio?
34Which THREE settings are part of the 'connectionPool' configuration in a DestinationRule?
35Which TWO are common causes for a service to be ejected by Outlier Detection?
36Which TWO parameters affect the 'aggressiveness' of Outlier Detection?
37Which THREE fields are found in the 'http' connectionPool configuration?
38Which THREE things happen when a request fails and a retry policy is active?
39You configure a VirtualService for the 'payments' service with an HTTP route that applies a retry policy of 3 attempts with a 2s perTryTimeout, and a global timeout of 5s. During peak load, callers report that requests fail after roughly 5 seconds even though some retries were still in flight. Which behavior of the global timeout explains this?
40You are reviewing a VirtualService for the 'reviews' service. The service has a timeout of 5 seconds configured. You want to ensure that if a request takes longer than 5 seconds, it is aborted with a 504 Gateway Timeout. Which field in the VirtualService should you configure?
41A cluster administrator wants to limit the number of concurrent connections and pending requests that the sidecar will allow to the 'shipping' service. The team also wants to configure a circuit breaker that trips when the number of pending requests exceeds a threshold. Where should these settings be defined?
42A platform team is implementing a resilience strategy for the 'checkout' service. They want to configure a DestinationRule that ejects unhealthy hosts, and they also want to ensure that the ejection does not remove too many hosts at once. Which TWO settings in the OutlierDetection configuration directly control how many hosts can be ejected and how long they remain ejected? (Choose two.)
Be able to place each resilience control correctly: connectionPool and outlierDetection in DestinationRule, timeouts, retries, and fault injection in VirtualService. The key skill is knowing which resource and field enforces circuit breaking versus request-level timeouts and retries.
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