Troubleshooting

A pod named 'web-frontend' is in CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl logs web-frontend' and see: 'Error: listen tcp :8080: bind: address already in use'. What is the most likely cause and how should you fix it?

A user reports that their application cannot resolve DNS names for services in the cluster. The application runs in a pod with dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst. What is the most likely cause?

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to troubleshoot a pod that is stuck in 'Pending' state?

Based on the exhibit, the pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. Which command should you run NEXT to identify the root cause?

You are a CKA managing a production cluster with 5 worker nodes. A developer reports that a new deployment 'payment-service' is not accessible from other pods via its Service 'payment-svc' in the 'default' namespace. The Service is of type ClusterIP with selector 'app: payment'. The deployment has 3 replicas, all showing 'Running' status. From a test pod, you run 'curl http://payment-svc:8080' and get 'Connection refused'. You verify that the pods are listening on port 8080 and the container's readiness probe passes. 'kubectl get endpoints payment-svc' shows no endpoints. 'kubectl describe svc payment-svc' shows the selector 'app=payment'. What is the most likely cause?

A developer reports that a newly deployed Deployment named 'web-app' is not serving traffic. The Deployment has 3 replicas, a Service of type ClusterIP, and an Ingress. Which TWO commands should you run first to diagnose the issue?

Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause of the pod not running?

You are tasked with troubleshooting a production Kubernetes cluster. A user reports that they cannot access a web application running in the cluster. The application is deployed as a Deployment named 'frontend' with 2 replicas, exposed via a Service of type LoadBalancer. You have kubectl access to the cluster. You run 'kubectl get pods -l app=frontend' and see both pods are Running and Ready. You run 'kubectl get svc frontend' and see the Service has an external IP of 192.168.1.100. However, when you curl http://192.168.1.100 from a machine outside the cluster, you get a connection timeout. You are able to curl the pod IPs directly from within the cluster and get a response. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the issue?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff state. Which command should you use to see the logs of the previous instance?

You run kubectl get nodes and see one node is NotReady. The kubelet is running on the node. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is stuck in Pending state. You describe the pod and see: '0/4 nodes are available: 4 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.' What is the most likely reason?

You need to investigate why a service is not reachable from within the cluster. Which of the following is the first step?

A pod has status 'Init:Error'. What does this indicate?

Which of the following are valid methods to debug a failing CoreDNS pod? (Select TWO)

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff state. Which command shows the last termination reason?

A Node is in NotReady state. Which action should be taken first to diagnose the issue?

A pod is stuck in ContainerCreating. Which condition is most likely if `kubectl describe pod` shows 'Failed to create pod sandbox'?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff. Which command would help determine the exact reason?

A Service of type ClusterIP is not reachable from within the cluster. Pods backing the Service are running and healthy. What is the most likely cause?

A worker node is marked NotReady. Which two checks are most relevant to diagnose the node's kubelet health? (Choose two.)

A Deployment's pods are failing with 'CrashLoopBackOff'. The container exits with code 1. Which two approaches will help identify the issue? (Choose two.)

A user reports that a pod is stuck in 'ContainerCreating' state. Which command would you run first to diagnose the issue?

A Node is reporting DiskPressure condition. Which action is most appropriate to resolve this without losing data?

You have a pod that is CrashLoopBackOff. The logs show 'error: dial tcp: lookup service.default.svc.cluster.local: no such host'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is running but cannot be accessed via its ClusterIP service from another pod in the same namespace. The service endpoints list shows the pod's IP. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see some pods in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which command would best help identify the root cause?

Which of the following are valid methods to troubleshoot a Node that is 'NotReady'? (Select all that apply)

You have a Deployment that is not scaling up beyond 1 replica despite setting replicas: 3. Which of the following could be the cause? (Select all that apply)

A node in your cluster is reporting a DiskPressure condition. Which kubectl command would you use to get details about the node's condition?

A Pod is stuck in CrashLoopBackOff. You run `kubectl logs <pod-name>` but see no output. What is the most likely cause?

A Service of type LoadBalancer is created but the EXTERNAL-IP remains <pending>. The cluster is running on-premises without a cloud load balancer integration. Which of the following is the most likely reason?

A Pod is in ImagePullBackOff state. Which of the following are valid troubleshooting steps? (Select two.)

A ClusterIP Service is not reachable from within the cluster. You verify that the Service has endpoints. Which of the following could be the cause? (Select three.)

Drag and drop the steps to back up and restore etcd data for a Kubernetes cluster into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to set up a PersistentVolumeClaim for a pod into the correct order.

Match each scheduling concept to its description.

Match each logging/monitoring component to its role.

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Which command would you run FIRST to diagnose the issue?

After deploying a new Deployment, you run 'kubectl get events' and see 'FailedScheduling' events. What is a possible cause?

You have a multi-node cluster. One node shows 'NotReady'. You run 'journalctl -u kubelet' on that node and see 'network plugin is not ready'. What is the most likely cause?

You want to check the logs of a container that previously crashed. Which command should you use?

You are troubleshooting a DNS issue. From within a pod, you run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local' and get 'connection timed out; no servers could be reached'. What is the most likely cause?

Which command shows CPU and memory usage of nodes in the cluster?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. What command would you run to see the reason for the crash?

You want to test network connectivity from pod A to pod B in the same namespace. Which command would you run from within pod A?

You see a pod in 'Pending' state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint(s) that the pod didn't tolerate, 3 Insufficient cpu'. What should you do?

Which command would you use to check the status of the kube-apiserver on a control plane node managed by systemd?

You deploy a pod with resource limits but no requests. The pod gets OOMKilled. What is the most likely reason?

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to view the logs of a container that has terminated?

Which THREE of the following are common causes for a pod to remain in 'Pending' state?

Which TWO of the following commands are useful for debugging network connectivity between pods?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl logs mypod --previous' and see 'Error: unable to connect to database'. What is the MOST likely cause?

Which command retrieves logs from a container that has crashed and restarted?

You run 'kubectl get nodes' and one node shows 'NotReady'. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. The output shows 'active (running)'. What should you check NEXT?

A Deployment's pod is stuck in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows Events: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 3 Insufficient memory'. What is the likely fix?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff state. Which command is MOST useful to diagnose the issue?

You want to check the memory usage of nodes in your cluster. Which command should you use?

A pod is unable to resolve DNS names. You exec into the pod and run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'. The command hangs. What is the MOST likely cause?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. 'kubectl logs pod' shows no output, but 'kubectl logs --previous pod' shows an error. Why might the current logs be empty?

A pod is stuck in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows '0/2 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint that the pod didn't tolerate, 1 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity rules'. What should you check?

Which command shows all events in the cluster sorted by timestamp?

You suspect that the kube-scheduler is not running. Which command checks the scheduler's health?

A pod runs but you cannot connect to its container port from another pod in the same namespace. 'kubectl exec' into the pod and 'curl localhost:8080' works. What is the MOST likely cause?

Which TWO of the following are valid reasons for a pod to be in the Pending state? (Choose two)

Which THREE of the following are valid steps to troubleshoot a Node in NotReady state? (Choose three)

Which TWO of the following are common causes of CrashLoopBackOff? (Choose two)

A node in the cluster is reporting NotReady. You run 'journalctl -u kubelet' and see repeated errors: 'failed to get system container stats for "/system.slice/kubelet.service": failed to get cgroup stats'. What is the most likely cause?

You need to check the logs of a container that previously ran but has crashed. Which command would you use?

A pod is stuck in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 3 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity rules'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff state. Which command can you run to get more details about the underlying error?

You want to view the resource usage of all pods in the cluster. What command should you run?

A pod named 'web-app' is crashing repeatedly. You run 'kubectl describe pod web-app' and see that the container exited with code 137. What does this indicate?

You are troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two pods in the same cluster. Pod A cannot reach Pod B's IP. Which command would you run from Pod A to test connectivity?

A pod has been in Pending state for a long time. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/unreachable: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.' What is the most likely cause?

You need to see the startup logs of the kubelet service. Which command should you use?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in CrashLoopBackOff. The pod has a single container. You want to see the last termination message from the container. Which command will provide that information?

A pod is failing to start with the error 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You check the logs with 'kubectl logs pod' and see nothing. What is the most likely reason?

Which command shows all events in the cluster sorted by timestamp?

Which TWO of the following are common causes for a pod to be stuck in Pending state?

Which THREE of the following are valid steps to troubleshoot a DNS issue within a Kubernetes cluster?

Which TWO of the following are correct methods to check the health of the kube-apiserver?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You run 'kubectl get nodes' and see that one node is in the 'NotReady' state. Which command would you use FIRST to investigate the kubelet status on that node?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod my-pod' and see the event: '0/4 nodes are available: 4 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/unreachable: }, that the pod didn't tolerate'. What is the likely cause?

You need to check the logs of a container that previously crashed. The pod is currently running, but the previous instance of the container exited with an error. Which command will show you the logs from the crashed container?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which of the following is NOT a common cause?

You need to verify if the kube-apiserver is running on the control plane node. Which command should you use?

A pod is in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl logs my-pod' and see 'exec format error: exec: "/app": stat /app: no such file or directory'. What is the most likely cause?

You want to check the current resource usage (CPU and memory) of pods in the 'default' namespace. Which kubectl command should you use?

You are debugging a DNS issue from within a pod. The pod is running 'busybox'. Which command would you use to test DNS resolution for 'kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'?

You see events like 'Failed to pull image' when running 'kubectl get events'. Which command can you use to get more detailed information about a specific pod's events?

A pod is not able to communicate with another pod in the same namespace. Both pods are running and have IP addresses. Which command can you use to test connectivity from the first pod to the second pod's IP?

You run 'kubectl get nodes' and see that a node is 'NotReady'. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. The output shows 'Active: inactive (dead)'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Which TWO of the following are common causes?

Which THREE of the following are valid methods to troubleshoot a CrashLoopBackOff pod?

Which TWO of the following are valid commands to check the status of control plane components?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

Which kubectl command is used to view the logs of a container that has previously crashed in a pod?

You have a pod that is in 'Pending' state. Which command would you run to get more information about why the pod cannot be scheduled?

A node in your cluster shows status 'NotReady'. You have SSH access to the node. What is the first command you should run to check the kubelet status?

You create a Deployment with the following YAML: apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: myapp spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: myapp template: metadata: labels: app: myapp spec: containers: - name: myapp image: myapp:latest resources: limits: cpu: "500m" memory: "256Mi" requests: cpu: "200m" memory: "128Mi" After applying it, the pods are in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You check logs and see 'Error: container process exited with error'. What is the MOST likely cause?

You are troubleshooting a pod that cannot start. Running 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: 'Failed to pull image "myregistry.io/myapp:1.0": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for myregistry.io/myapp:1.0 not found'. What is the MOST likely cause?

You need to check the current resource usage of nodes in your cluster. Which command should you use?

A pod is in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod' and see the event: 'Failed to pull image "nginx:latest": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: dial tcp: lookup registry-1.docker.io on 8.8.8.8:53: no such host'. What is the MOST likely cause?

You have a multi-node cluster. One node is healthy but pods scheduled on another node are failing to resolve DNS names. You exec into a pod and run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local' and get 'server can't find kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local: NXDOMAIN'. Running the same command on a pod on the healthy node works. What is the MOST likely cause?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You want to see the logs of the last crashed instance. Which command should you run?

Which command can you run to see the events related to a specific pod?

You have a pod that is stuck in 'Pending' state. Running 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity rules.' What is the MOST likely solution?

Which TWO of the following are valid steps to troubleshoot a pod that is in 'CrashLoopBackOff'?

Which TWO of the following are possible reasons for a node being in 'NotReady' state?

Which THREE of the following are possible causes for a pod to remain in 'Pending' state?

A node in your cluster is reporting 'NotReady' status. You log into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. The kubelet service is not running. Which command should you use to start the kubelet and enable it to start on boot?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which command would help you determine the exact reason for the image pull failure?

A Pod is stuck in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 3 Insufficient cpu.' Which of the following is the most likely combination of issues?

A developer reports that a Pod named 'web-pod' in namespace 'frontend' is crashing repeatedly. You run 'kubectl logs web-pod -n frontend' but see no output. Which command should you run next to see the logs from the previous, crashed container instance?

You have a Deployment with one replica. The Pod enters CrashLoopBackOff. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the container exits with code 137. What is the most likely cause?

You need to check the CPU and memory usage of all pods in the 'production' namespace. Which command should you use?

A pod is in 'Pending' state. After running 'kubectl describe pod', you see the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 3 PersistentVolumeClaim is not bound'. What is the most likely cause?

You have a Service named 'my-svc' in namespace 'app'. A Pod in the same namespace cannot resolve the hostname 'my-svc' to an IP address. Which command should you run inside the Pod to test DNS name resolution?

A Pod is in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl logs <pod> --previous' and see an error about a missing environment variable. The Pod spec defines the environment variable in a ConfigMap. What is the best next step to diagnose the issue?

A Pod that was running fine is now showing 'OOMKilled' in its status. Which kubectl command would show you the memory limit and usage for the container?

You have a Deployment with 3 replicas. One of the pods is in 'Pending' state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows: 'Warning FailedScheduling 0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {key1: value1}, that the pod didn't tolerate, 3 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity rules.' Which two issues are preventing the pod from being scheduled?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod with status 'Init:CrashLoopBackOff'. What does this indicate?

Which TWO of the following are valid methods to diagnose why a node is in 'NotReady' state?

A pod is in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. Which THREE of the following are possible causes?

Which TWO of the following are valid reasons a pod might be stuck in 'Pending' state?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You have a Pod that is stuck in Pending state. Which command should you use to get detailed information about why the Pod is not running?

A node in the cluster is showing NotReady status. Which steps should you take to diagnose the issue? (Select the BEST initial step.)

After deploying a new Deployment, you notice that the pods are stuck in ImagePullBackOff. What is the most common cause?

You have a Pod that is stuck in Pending state. Running 'kubectl describe pod' shows events: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, 3 node(s) had taint {key: value}, that the pod didn't tolerate.' How can you resolve this issue?

Which command should you use to view the logs of a container that has previously crashed in a Pod?

A Pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl describe pod' and see that the container fails with 'Error: container command not found'. What is the most likely cause?

You have a Deployment with the following resource limits for containers: memory: 256Mi. The pod is repeatedly killed with OOMKilled. You need to change the limit to 512Mi. Which field should you modify in the Deployment YAML?

Which of the following is a valid command to check the status of the kubelet service on a node running systemd?

You have two Pods in different namespaces. Pod A (namespace: frontend) cannot reach Pod B (namespace: backend) via the ClusterIP service 'backend-svc' in the backend namespace. Which command should you use from within Pod A to test connectivity?

You are debugging a DNS issue in the cluster. Which of the following tools is commonly used to test DNS resolution from within a Pod?

A Pod is running but cannot connect to a Service. You have verified that the Service endpoints are correct. Which of the following is the most likely cause if the Pod is using hostNetwork: true?

Which TWO of the following are valid commands to view cluster events sorted by timestamp?

Which THREE of the following are common causes for a Pod to remain in Pending state? (Select THREE.)

You have a Pod that is in CrashLoopBackOff. Which TWO of the following commands would be most helpful in diagnosing the issue?

A node in your cluster is in the 'NotReady' state. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet' which shows the kubelet is active but not functioning correctly. Which command should you use to get detailed logs to troubleshoot the kubelet?

You have a pod named 'web-pod' that is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. To examine the logs from the previous instance of the container, which command should you use?

A pod is in the 'Pending' state for a long time. You run 'kubectl describe pod pending-pod' and see the event: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, 3 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: } that the pod didn't tolerate.' What is the MOST likely solution?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod with status 'ImagePullBackOff'. Which of the following is a possible cause?

You need to check the resource usage of nodes in your cluster. Which command should you run?

A pod named 'app' is not starting. You run 'kubectl describe pod app' and see the event: 'MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "pvc-volume" : rpc error: code = NotFound desc = volume not found'. What is the most likely issue?

You suspect a DNS issue inside a pod. Which command can you run to test DNS resolution from within a pod?

You are troubleshooting a network connectivity issue between two pods in different namespaces. The pods have the following labels: pod-a in namespace 'foo' with labels {app: web}, pod-b in namespace 'bar' with labels {app: db}. You verify that both pods have IP addresses and can ping the Kubernetes service IP. However, pod-a cannot connect to pod-b on port 5432. What should you check first?

Which command shows all events in the cluster, sorted by timestamp?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod with status 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You check the logs with 'kubectl logs <pod> --previous' and see: 'Error: unable to connect to database at db-svc:5432 (connection refused)'. What is the most likely cause?

You are debugging a CrashLoopBackOff. The pod YAML includes the following container spec: ```yaml containers: - name: app image: myapp:1.0 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /healthz port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 3 periodSeconds: 3 ``` The application starts successfully but crashes after about 10 seconds. What is the most likely cause?

You need to view the logs of the previous instance of a container in a pod. Which command is correct?

Which TWO of the following are common causes for a pod to be in the 'Pending' state?

Which THREE of the following are valid steps to troubleshoot a node that is in 'NotReady' state?

Which TWO of the following are valid commands to check resource usage of pods?

You suspect the kubelet on a worker node is not functioning correctly. Which command should you use to check the kubelet service status?

A pod is stuck in Pending state. You run 'kubectl describe pod my-pod' and see the event: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/not-ready: }, 3 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate'. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl logs my-pod -c my-container' and get no output, but you know the container produces logs. What should you do next to see previous container logs?

You have a Deployment with 3 replicas. Two pods are Running, one is CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl logs pod-crash -c app' and see: 'Error: failed to connect to database at 10.0.0.5:5432'. The database is a separate Pod with a ClusterIP service. How should you verify network connectivity from the crashing pod to the database service?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff state. Which command would give you the most information about why the image pull failed?

You need to check the memory usage of all pods in the 'production' namespace. Which command fulfills this requirement?

A node is NotReady. You ssh into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. It shows 'Active: inactive (dead)'. What is the most appropriate next step?

You are troubleshooting DNS resolution from a pod. You exec into the pod and run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'. It fails with 'server can't find kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local: NXDOMAIN'. What is the most likely cause?

You want to see events sorted by timestamp in the 'kube-system' namespace. Which command should you use?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You check the logs with 'kubectl logs my-pod --previous' and see 'Error: cannot connect to database at 10.0.0.1:3306'. The database service is named 'mysql' and runs on port 3306. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl top nodes' and get an error: 'error: metrics not available yet'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is in Pending state. You run 'kubectl describe pod pending-pod' and see an event: '0/3 nodes are available: 3 Insufficient memory'. However, you believe there is enough memory across the cluster. What could be the issue?

Which two commands can be used to view the logs of a container that has crashed? (Choose two.)

Which three are possible reasons for a pod being in Pending state? (Choose three.)

You have a pod that is in CrashLoopBackOff. Which two troubleshooting steps should you take first? (Choose two.)

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You are troubleshooting a node that is in 'NotReady' state. Which command should you use to check the kubelet logs for errors?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/unreachable: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient memory.' Which issue is causing the pod to be pending?

You have a Deployment with 3 replicas. After updating the container image, the new pods are in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod <pod-name>' and see the event: 'Failed to pull image "myregistry/myapp:latest": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for myregistry/myapp:latest not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown'. What is the MOST likely cause?

You are trying to debug a network connectivity issue between two pods. Pod A can reach the internet but cannot reach Pod B's IP address. Which command should you use to test connectivity from within Pod A to Pod B's service?

You are troubleshooting a pod that is in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. You run 'kubectl logs mypod' and get no output. You then run 'kubectl logs mypod --previous' and see an error: 'Error: failed to start container: context deadline exceeded'. What is the MOST likely cause?

Which command can be used to view resource usage of nodes in a cluster?

You run 'kubectl get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp' and see the following events for a pod: 'Warning FailedScheduling 0/3 nodes are available: 3 Insufficient cpu'. What is the most likely solution?

A Pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Upon inspection, you find that the PVC it references is also 'Pending'. Which of the following is NOT a common cause for a PVC to remain in Pending state?

You are troubleshooting DNS resolution from within a pod. You exec into the pod and run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'. The command fails with 'connection timed out; no servers could be reached'. However, 'kubectl get svc -n kube-system' shows the kube-dns service with a ClusterIP. What is the MOST likely cause?

You want to check the status of the kube-apiserver on a control plane node. Which commands should you use? (Select the best option)

You deploy a pod with the following YAML: apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: test-pod spec: containers: - name: test image: nginx resources: requests: memory: "64Mi" cpu: "250m" limits: memory: "128Mi" cpu: "500m" The pod starts, but after a few minutes it is killed with OOMKilled. What is the MOST likely reason?

Which TWO of the following are valid reasons for a pod to be in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state? (Choose two.)

You are troubleshooting a node that is 'NotReady'. Which THREE of the following are possible causes? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following kubectl commands can be used to view the logs of a container in a pod? (Choose two.)

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in CrashLoopBackOff state. Running 'kubectl describe pod web-app -n production' shows the event 'OOMKilled'. What is the most appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You run 'kubectl get pods -n default' and see a pod named 'backend' in ImagePullBackOff state. What is the most likely cause?

Which command shows the logs of a pod that has crashed and restarted?

A pod remains in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows '0/1 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate'. What is the solution?

You run 'kubectl get nodes' and one node shows 'NotReady'. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. Kubelet is active but 'journalctl -u kubelet -n 50' shows 'network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized'. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl top nodes' but get 'error: metrics not available yet'. What is the most likely cause?

A newly created Service of type ClusterIP is not accessible from within the cluster. You exec into a pod and run 'curl http://service-name:80' but get 'Connection refused'. What is the most likely cause?

Which command shows events sorted by timestamp for troubleshooting recent issues?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod named 'db' in CrashLoopBackOff. 'kubectl logs db' shows nothing. 'kubectl logs db --previous' shows 'Error: database connection failed'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You want to see the current container's logs. Which command do you use?

You have a Deployment with 3 replicas. One pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. The other two are Running. You run 'kubectl get events' and see 'Liveness probe failed: HTTP probe failed with statuscode: 503'. What should you do?

A pod is stuck in Pending state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows '0/1 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {key=value: NoSchedule}, 1 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/unreachable: }. What does this indicate?

Which THREE are valid methods to debug DNS resolution inside a pod? (Select 3)

A pod is in Pending state. Which TWO are possible causes? (Select 2)

Which THREE are valid steps to troubleshoot a node that is in 'NotReady' state? (Select 3)

A node in the cluster is showing status 'NotReady'. You run 'kubectl describe node worker1' and see that the kubelet has not posted node status for more than 1 minute. Which command should you run on the node to check the kubelet logs?

You deploy a pod with the following YAML and it remains in 'Pending' state. What is the most likely cause? ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: myapp spec: containers: - name: myapp image: nginx resources: requests: memory: "64Gi" ```

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. 'kubectl logs my-pod --previous' shows: 'Error: failed to start: exec: "/app/start.sh": stat /app/start.sh: no such file or directory'. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see that a pod named 'web' is in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which command would help you see the reason for the image pull failure?

You have a Deployment that is failing to update. You run 'kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp' and it hangs. Which command should you run to see the status of individual ReplicaSets and pods?

A user reports that they cannot access a service running in the cluster from within another pod. They run 'kubectl exec -it pod-a -- curl http://service-b:8080' and get a connection timeout. What is the first thing you should check?

You run 'kubectl get events --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'' and see repeated events: 'Failed to pull image "myimage:v2": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for myimage:v2 not found'. What is the issue?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see: '0/4 nodes are available: 4 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity constraints'. What does this mean?

You deploy a pod with a readiness probe that checks an HTTP endpoint. The probe fails and the pod is marked as 'NotReady'. Which command would you use to see the exact HTTP response from the probe?

You run 'kubectl top nodes' and it returns an error: 'error: metrics not available yet'. What does this indicate?

You have a Deployment with three replicas. After a rolling update, all pods are in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You want to revert to the previous revision. Which command accomplishes this?

You try to run 'kubectl logs mypod' and get the error: 'Error from server (BadRequest): container "myapp" in pod "mypod" is waiting to start: PodInitializing'. What does this mean?

A pod is in 'Pending' state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows: '0/3 nodes are available: 1 Insufficient memory, 2 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.' Which TWO actions would resolve the issue? (Choose two)

You have a pod that is 'CrashLoopBackOff'. 'kubectl logs --previous mypod' shows: 'Liveness probe failed: HTTP probe failed with statuscode: 503'. Which THREE actions could potentially fix the issue? (Choose three)

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see that a pod named 'db' is in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. Which TWO commands are most useful for diagnosing the issue? (Choose two)

A pod is stuck in Pending state. You run 'kubectl describe pod my-pod' and see the event '0/1 nodes are available: 1 Insufficient cpu'. What is the most likely cause?

You run 'kubectl get nodes' and one node shows 'NotReady'. Which command should you run first to check the kubelet status on that node?

A pod has been restarted multiple times. You want to see the logs from the previous (terminated) container instance. Which command should you use?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. The YAML for the initContainer is: apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: myapp spec: initContainers: - name: init image: busybox command: ['sh', '-c', 'sleep 5 && exit 1'] containers: - name: app image: nginx What is the most likely reason for the CrashLoopBackOff?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and one pod shows 'ImagePullBackOff'. Which command would help you diagnose the issue?

A pod is in Pending state. You see the event: '0/2 nodes are available: 2 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate'. What should you do to schedule the pod on one of the control-plane nodes?

You need to test DNS resolution from within a pod. Which command should you run?

A Deployment is configured with replicas: 3, but only 2 pods are running. 'kubectl describe deployment' shows 'Replicas: 3 desired | 2 current | 2 available'. What could be the reason for the missing pod?

Which command shows resource usage (CPU/memory) of all pods in the default namespace?

You suspect the kube-apiserver is down. Which command should you run on the control-plane node to check its status?

A pod is in Running state but cannot connect to a service by its DNS name. 'kubectl exec <pod> -- curl http://my-service' fails. Which is the most likely cause?

Which command shows all recent events in the cluster, sorted by timestamp?

Which TWO actions can help troubleshoot a service that is not reachable from within a pod?

A node is NotReady. Which THREE conditions could cause this?

Which TWO commands can be used to view logs for a pod?

A pod in the 'production' namespace is in a CrashLoopBackOff state. The pod has been running successfully for several days. You run 'kubectl describe pod app-pod -n production' and see the message: 'OOMKilled'. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve this issue?

You have a pod that is in 'Pending' state. Which command would you use to view detailed information about the pod's status, including events that may indicate why it is not running?

A node in your cluster is reporting 'NotReady'. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. The output shows 'Active: inactive (dead)'. Which command should you run FIRST to attempt to resolve this?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the following event: '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 3 node(s) had taint {node.kubernetes.io/disk-pressure: }, that the pod didn't tolerate.' Which action would resolve the issue?

You have a pod that is in 'CrashLoopBackOff' state. Which command should you use to view the logs from the previous instance of the container?

You attempt to schedule a pod but it remains 'Pending'. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 3 node(s) didn't match node selector.' What is the MOST likely cause?

You run 'kubectl top nodes' and get an error: 'error: metrics not available yet'. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

A pod is in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which of the following is NOT a common cause?

You need to check the logs of a kubelet on a node. Which command should you run on the node?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see that a pod is in 'CrashLoopBackOff'. You want to examine the container's previous exit code. Which command provides this information?

You are troubleshooting a DNS issue in the cluster. You exec into a pod and run 'nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local'. The command returns 'server can't find kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local: NXDOMAIN'. What is the MOST likely cause?

You have a pod that is in 'Pending' state because it requires a PersistentVolumeClaim that is not bound. Which event would you see in 'kubectl describe pod'?

A pod is in 'Pending' state. Which TWO of the following are possible causes? (Select 2)

You are troubleshooting a scenario where a pod cannot communicate with another pod in the same namespace via service name. Which THREE steps would you take to diagnose the issue? (Select 3)

A node is in 'NotReady' state. Which TWO of the following are common causes? (Select 2)

A pod is stuck in Pending state. Running 'kubectl describe pod mypod' reveals the event '0/4 nodes are available: 3 Insufficient memory, 1 node(s) had taints that the pod didn't tolerate'. What is the most likely cause?

You suspect the kubelet on a worker node has stopped. Which two commands should you run to confirm the kubelet status and check its logs?

To view the logs of a specific container in a multi-container pod named 'web-pod', which command is correct?

A Deployment has 3 replicas. One pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl logs <pod> --previous' and see only a single line: 'Error: failed to start container'. What is the most likely cause?

Which command shows resource usage for pods and nodes in the cluster?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see 'Failed to pull image "myapp:latest": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for myapp:latest not found: manifest unknown'. What is the most likely cause?

You have a Deployment with livenessProbe configured. The pod restarts every few minutes. 'kubectl describe pod' shows the liveness probe is failing with 'HTTP probe failed with statuscode: 503'. The application's /healthz endpoint returns 200 from within the pod using 'kubectl exec'. What could be the issue?

You are unable to resolve a Service DNS name from within a pod. To test DNS resolution, which command should you run inside the pod?

Which command lists all events in the cluster sorted by timestamp?

A node shows status NotReady. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet' which shows the kubelet is active (running). What is the next most likely step to diagnose the issue?

A pod is stuck in Pending with event '0/4 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint "node.kubernetes.io/disk-pressure", and 3 node(s) had taint "node.kubernetes.io/memory-pressure", that the pod didn't tolerate'. What is the best approach to schedule the pod?

You want to see the last 50 lines of logs from a pod named 'api-pod' for the container 'api-container'. Which command accomplishes this?

Which TWO of the following are valid causes for a pod to be in CrashLoopBackOff?

Which THREE of the following are valid steps to troubleshoot DNS issues in a Kubernetes cluster?

Which TWO of the following could cause a Node to be in NotReady state?

A node in your cluster is marked as NotReady. You SSH into the node and run 'systemctl status kubelet'. The output shows the kubelet is inactive (dead). What should you do FIRST to restore the node?

Which command can you use to view the logs of a container that has crashed and been restarted?

A Deployment named 'web' is failing to schedule pods. You run 'kubectl describe pod web-xyz' and see the event: '0/3 nodes are available: 3 Insufficient cpu.' What is the most likely cause?

A pod remains in Pending state. You run 'kubectl describe pod mypod' and see the following event: '0/3 nodes are available: 2 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 1 node(s) didn't match pod anti-affinity rules.' What is the best action to schedule the pod?

You deploy a pod with image 'nginx:1.21'. It stays in ImagePullBackOff. You run 'kubectl describe pod nginx-pod' and see the event: 'Failed to pull image "nginx:1.21": rpc error: code = Unknown desc = Error response from daemon: manifest for nginx:1.21 not found'. What is the most likely fix?

Which command shows resource usage (CPU and memory) for nodes in a cluster?

You cannot reach a service by its DNS name from within a pod. Running 'kubectl exec -it dnsutils -- nslookup myservice' returns 'server can't find myservice: NXDOMAIN'. Which of the following is the MOST probable cause?

The controller-manager logs show repeated errors: 'Failed to list *v1.Pod: connection refused'. What is the most likely cause?

A pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. You run 'kubectl logs pod-name' and see nothing. You suspect the app is failing due to a missing environment variable. Which command can you use to verify environment variables inside the container?

Which command would you use to view all events in the cluster sorted by timestamp?

A pod is in ImagePullBackOff. Which TWO of the following are possible causes? (Select 2)

A pod is stuck in Pending state. Which TWO of the following could be causes? (Select 2)

Which THREE of the following are valid commands to troubleshoot network connectivity between pods? (Select 3)

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see that a pod is in CrashLoopBackOff. Which THREE of the following are valid next steps? (Select 3)

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to view the status of the kube-apiserver? (Select 2)

You are troubleshooting a node that shows 'NotReady' status. Which TWO commands can help you investigate the kubelet state?

A pod is stuck in 'Pending' state. Which THREE are common causes for this?

You run 'kubectl logs pod-name' and get no output. Which TWO steps should you take to troubleshoot further?

You suspect a DNS issue within the cluster. Which TWO commands can you run from within a pod to test DNS resolution?

A pod is in 'ImagePullBackOff' state. Which TWO are valid first troubleshooting steps?

You run 'kubectl get pods' and see a pod with status 'CrashLoopBackOff'. Which TWO commands can help you investigate the cause?

A node is 'NotReady'. Which THREE steps should you take to troubleshoot?

You want to check resource usage of pods and nodes. Which TWO commands should you use?

You need to test network connectivity between two pods in different namespaces. Which TWO approaches are valid?

Which TWO commands show cluster events that can help in troubleshooting?

You are troubleshooting a pod that is in 'Pending' state. 'kubectl describe pod' shows '0/1 nodes are available: 1 Insufficient memory, 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane: }, that the pod didn't tolerate'. Which TWO actions can resolve the issue?

You need to check the status of control plane components. Which TWO commands are appropriate?

A pod is repeatedly killed with 'OOMKilled'. The container's memory request is 256Mi and limit is 512Mi. Which THREE steps could help resolve the issue?