AZ-500 Secure compute, storage, and databases Practice Test 15 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company stores critical business data in an Azure Storage account (Blob Storage). They want to ensure that all data is encrypted at rest using a customer-managed key (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault. They also need to be able to revoke access to the data quickly if a breach is suspected. Which feature should they enable on the storage account to enforce CMK?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Enable Azure Storage encryption with customer-managed keys. Enabling Azure Storage encryption with customer-managed keys (CMK) allows you to use your own key stored in Azure Key Vault to encrypt all data at rest in the storage account. This also provides the ability to revoke access to the data quickly by disabling, deleting, or rotating the key in Key Vault, which renders the data inaccessible until the key is restored.

Answer

Enable infrastructure encryption for the storage account

Answer

Enable soft delete for blobs

Answer

Enable versioning for blobs

Question 2

A company stores sensitive financial documents in Azure Blob Storage. The security team needs to maintain an immutable log of all changes to the blob content, including the previous versions and the identity of the user who made the changes, for forensic analysis. Which Azure Storage feature should they enable on the storage account to meet this requirement?

Accepted Answer

Blob Storage change feed.. The Blob Storage change feed provides an immutable, append-only log of all changes (create, update, delete) to blobs and blob metadata, including the previous version and the identity of the user who made the change via the requestor's object ID. This meets the forensic requirement for a complete audit trail of blob content changes.

Answer

Azure Blob Storage soft delete.

Answer

Azure Blob Storage versioning.

Answer

Azure Storage analytics logs.

Question 3

A company uses Azure SQL Database with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) and a customer-managed key stored in Azure Key Vault. The Key Vault is configured with a firewall that denies all public access. The SQL server must be able to access the key. What additional configuration is necessary?

Accepted Answer

Enable trusted Microsoft services on the Key Vault firewall. When Azure Key Vault's firewall denies all public access, enabling 'Allow trusted Microsoft services' is necessary because Azure SQL Database's TDE key retrieval is considered a trusted service operation. This setting bypasses the firewall for specific Azure services like SQL Database that are authenticated and authorized to access the vault, without requiring a private endpoint or service endpoint.

Answer

Create a private endpoint for Key Vault

Answer

Assign the SQL server's managed identity to the Key Vault

Answer

Configure a service endpoint on the SQL server

Question 4

A company plans to enable Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) on their Windows virtual machines. They will use a Key Encryption Key (KEK) stored in Azure Key Vault. What additional configuration must be made in the Key Vault to allow the Azure platform to access the KEK for encrypting the VM disks?

Accepted Answer

Set the key vault's 'enabledForDiskEncryption' property to true.. Azure Disk Encryption requires the key vault's 'enabledForDiskEncryption' property to be set to true. This property explicitly authorizes the Azure platform (specifically the Azure Disk Encryption service) to access the Key Encryption Key (KEK) stored in the vault for encrypting VM disks. Without this flag, the platform cannot retrieve the KEK, even if other permissions exist.

Answer

Grant the Azure Disk Encryption service principal 'Reader' role on the key vault.

Answer

Grant the virtual machine's managed identity 'Contributor' role on the key vault.

Answer

Configure soft-delete and purge protection on the key vault.

Question 5

A company uses Azure Key Vault to store keys and secrets. They want to ensure that even if an administrator accidentally deletes a key, it can be recovered for up to 90 days. Additionally, they want to prevent anyone from permanently purging the key during that period. Which two features must be enabled?

Accepted Answer

Soft-delete and purge protection. Soft-delete must be enabled to retain a deleted key for a configurable retention period (default 90 days), allowing recovery. To prevent permanent purging during that period, purge protection must be enabled, as it directly blocks purge operations on soft-deleted keys. Resource locks on the Key Vault do not prevent purging of keys themselves, as purging is an operation on the key resource, not on the vault. Therefore, only option A (soft-delete + purge protection) satisfies both requirements.

Answer

Soft-delete and resource locks

Answer

Purge protection and access policies

Answer

Soft-delete and backup

Question 6

A company stores sensitive documents in an Azure Blob Storage account. They have enabled infrastructure encryption and configured the storage account to use a customer-managed key stored in Azure Key Vault for encryption at rest. Despite this, newly uploaded blobs are still encrypted with Microsoft-managed keys. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A default encryption scope is configured on the blob container that uses a Microsoft-managed key.. When a default encryption scope is set on a blob container, it overrides the storage account's encryption settings for all blobs uploaded to that container. Even if the storage account is configured with a customer-managed key (CMK), the container-level encryption scope with a Microsoft-managed key takes precedence, causing new blobs to be encrypted with Microsoft-managed keys instead.

Answer

The Key Vault is in a different Azure region than the storage account.

Answer

The storage account does not have a system-assigned managed identity enabled.

Answer

The customer-managed key in Key Vault is disabled or expired.

Question 7

A company uses Azure SQL Database with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) protected by a customer-managed key (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault. The Key Vault has a firewall enabled that denies all public network access. The SQL server is a Microsoft service. How can the SQL server be granted access to the key vault to perform TDE operations?

Accepted Answer

Enable the 'Allow trusted Microsoft services to bypass the firewall' setting on the Key Vault. Azure Key Vault's firewall includes a setting to 'Allow trusted Microsoft services to bypass this firewall.' Azure SQL Database is a trusted Microsoft service, so enabling this setting allows the SQL server to authenticate to Key Vault using its system-assigned managed identity to retrieve the customer-managed key for TDE operations, without needing to disable the firewall or create a private endpoint.

Answer

Create a private endpoint on the Key Vault for the SQL server

Answer

Disable the Key Vault firewall

Answer

Assign the SQL server a system-assigned managed identity and grant it access to the key vault

Question 8

A company stores sensitive data in Azure Blob Storage. They want to encrypt the data at rest using customer-managed keys (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault. Additionally, they want the key to be automatically rotated every 90 days without manual intervention. Which configuration should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Enable Azure Storage encryption with a CMK and enable automatic key rotation in Azure Key Vault by creating a rotation policy.. Azure Key Vault supports automatic key rotation through a rotation policy, which can be configured to rotate a customer-managed key (CMK) every 90 days without manual intervention. When Azure Storage encryption uses a CMK stored in Key Vault, the storage account references the key version, and enabling a rotation policy in Key Vault automatically creates new key versions, which Azure Storage then uses for encryption. This satisfies the requirement for automated 90-day rotation without manual steps.

Answer

Enable Azure Storage encryption with a CMK and configure a rotation policy on the storage account.

Answer

Enable Azure Storage encryption with a CMK and manually rotate the key every 90 days.

Answer

Use Azure Storage service-side encryption with platform-managed keys and enforce rotation via Azure Policy.

Question 9

A company uses Azure Managed Disks for their virtual machines. They want to ensure that all managed disks are encrypted at rest using a customer-managed key (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault. They also want to automatically revoke access to the disks if the key is disabled or deleted. Which feature should they configure?

Accepted Answer

Server-side encryption with customer-managed keys (SSE-CMK). Server-side encryption with customer-managed keys (SSE-CMK) encrypts Azure Managed Disks at rest using a key stored in Azure Key Vault. When the key is disabled or deleted, Azure automatically revokes access to the disk by failing any I/O operations that require that key, ensuring the disk becomes inaccessible. This directly meets the requirement for both CMK-based encryption and automatic access revocation upon key loss.

Answer

Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) with a Key Encryption Key (KEK)

Answer

Azure Storage Service Encryption (SSE) with platform-managed keys

Answer

Azure Key Vault soft-delete and purge protection

Question 10

A company plans to enable Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) on a fleet of Windows virtual machines. They want to use a key stored in Azure Key Vault to encrypt the disks. Which additional access configuration must be made in the Key Vault to allow ADE to succeed?

Accepted Answer

Grant the Azure Disk Encryption service principal (Microsoft.Azure.Security) appropriate key permissions in the Key Vault access policy.. Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) uses the Azure platform's built-in service principal (Microsoft.Azure.Security) to access the Key Vault and retrieve the disk encryption key. Without granting this service principal the necessary 'Get', 'WrapKey', and 'UnwrapKey' key permissions in the Key Vault access policy, ADE cannot authenticate and perform the encryption operations. This is a mandatory configuration step for ADE to succeed.

Answer

Assign a managed identity to each VM and grant that identity key permissions in the Key Vault.

Answer

Enable soft-delete and purge protection on the Key Vault.

Answer

Assign the 'Key Vault Contributor' RBAC role to the Azure Disk Encryption service principal.

Question 11

A company stores highly sensitive data in Azure Blob Storage. The security policy requires that all data is encrypted at rest using a key that is stored in Azure Key Vault, and that the storage account uses its system-assigned managed identity to access the key. Which encryption configuration should they use?

Accepted Answer

Server-side encryption with customer-managed keys (CMK). Server-side encryption with customer-managed keys (CMK) is required because the security policy mandates that the encryption key be stored in Azure Key Vault and that the storage account uses its system-assigned managed identity to access that key. CMK allows you to bring your own key (BYOK) into Key Vault and grants the storage account access via a managed identity, ensuring the key is under your control and not managed by Azure. Service-managed keys (option A) use Microsoft-managed keys, which do not satisfy the requirement for customer-controlled key storage.

Answer

Server-side encryption with service-managed keys

Answer

Client-side encryption

Answer

Azure Disk Encryption

Question 12

A company uses Azure Key Vault to store secrets. They want to grant developers the ability to read secrets, but only for specific secret names (e.g., 'App--ConnectionString'). They also want to use Azure RBAC instead of the Key Vault access policy model. Which RBAC role should they assign, and at which scope?

Accepted Answer

Assign the 'Key Vault Secrets User' role at the secret scope. The 'Key Vault Secrets User' role, when assigned at the individual secret scope (e.g., /subscriptions/{sub}/resourceGroups/{rg}/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/{vault}/secrets/{secretName}), grants read-only access to that specific secret. This satisfies the requirement to use Azure RBAC (instead of the legacy access policy model) and to limit developers to reading only secrets with a specific name, such as 'App--ConnectionString'.

Answer

Assign the 'Key Vault Secrets User' role at the vault scope

Answer

Assign the 'Key Vault Reader' role at the secret scope

Answer

Assign the 'Key Vault Secrets Officer' role at the secret scope

Question 13

A company uses Azure SQL Database and wants to protect sensitive data (e.g., credit card numbers) from database administrators. They require that the data is encrypted at rest and in transit, and only a client application using a specific driver can decrypt it. Which technology should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Always Encrypted. Always Encrypted is the correct choice because it ensures that sensitive data (e.g., credit card numbers) is encrypted both at rest and in transit, and the encryption keys are never exposed to the database engine. Only a client application using the Always Encrypted-enabled driver (e.g., ADO.NET with Column Encryption Setting=enabled) can decrypt the data, protecting it from database administrators or any unauthorized access to the database server.

Answer

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

Answer

Dynamic Data Masking (DDM)

Answer

Row-Level Security (RLS)

Question 14

A company uses Azure SQL Database with Azure Active Directory authentication. To meet compliance requirements, they need to audit all failed login attempts and store the audit logs in a storage account located in a different Azure region for disaster recovery. What should they configure?

Accepted Answer

Enable SQL Auditing and set the destination to an Azure Storage account in a different region.. Azure SQL Database auditing can be configured to write audit logs directly to an Azure Storage account. Storing the logs in a storage account located in a different Azure region meets the disaster recovery requirement by ensuring logs survive a regional outage. The audit logs capture all database events, including failed login attempts, which satisfies the compliance need.

Answer

Enable SQL Auditing and set the destination to a Log Analytics workspace in a different region.

Answer

Enable SQL Auditing and set the destination to an Event Hub namespace in the same region.

Answer

Enable Advanced Threat Protection for Azure SQL Database and configure email notifications.

Question 15

A company stores sensitive data in Azure Blob Storage. They want to ensure that the data is encrypted at rest using a customer-managed key (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault. Additionally, they need the ability to immediately make the data inaccessible in case of a security breach. Which configuration on the storage account enables this?

Accepted Answer

Enable Azure Storage encryption with a customer-managed key (CMK). Enabling Azure Storage encryption with a customer-managed key (CMK) stored in Azure Key Vault allows the customer to control the encryption key used for data at rest. In the event of a security breach, the customer can immediately revoke access to the CMK in Key Vault (e.g., by disabling the key or deleting the key vault), which renders the encrypted Blob Storage data inaccessible because Azure Storage cannot decrypt it without the key. This satisfies both the encryption-at-rest requirement and the ability to make data inaccessible on demand.

Answer

Enable infrastructure encryption

Answer

Enable soft delete for the storage account

Answer

Enable Azure AD authentication for Blob Storage