SOA-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Test 3 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company operates a web application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The SysOps administrator needs to block incoming requests from specific geographic locations (countries X and Y) and also enforce a rate limit of 100 requests per IP address per 5-minute window to mitigate DDoS attacks. The solution must be centrally configured and apply to all requests handled by the ALB. Which AWS service should be used to implement these requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS WAF. AWS WAF is the correct service because it provides both geographic (geo-match) blocking and rate-based rules that can be associated directly with an Application Load Balancer. Geo-match conditions allow you to block requests from specific countries (X and Y), while rate-based rules can limit requests to 100 per 5-minute window per source IP. This solution is centrally configured at the ALB level, applying to all incoming requests without requiring additional infrastructure.

Answer

Amazon CloudFront geo restriction

Answer

AWS Shield Advanced

Answer

Security Groups

Question 2

A company requires that all Amazon EC2 instances launched in its AWS account must have termination protection enabled. The SysOps administrator needs to automatically remediate any instance launched without termination protection. The solution should use AWS managed services without custom scripts. Which AWS service should be used?

Accepted Answer

Configure AWS Config with a managed rule 'ec2-termination-protection-check' and set an auto-remediation action using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document that enables termination protection on the instance.. Option A is correct because AWS Config's managed rule 'ec2-termination-protection-check' can detect instances without termination protection, and you can attach an auto-remediation action using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document (e.g., AWS-EnableTerminationProtection) to automatically enable termination protection on noncompliant instances. This solution uses only AWS managed services and requires no custom scripts, meeting the company's requirements.

Answer

Use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to automatically apply termination protection to all launched instances.

Answer

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor to send notifications when instances lack termination protection, and have administrators manually fix them.

Answer

Create an IAM policy that denies the RunInstances action unless termination protection is enabled.

Question 3

A SysOps administrator needs to ensure that all Amazon S3 buckets in an AWS account are configured with server-side encryption using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). The administrator wants to automatically detect any S3 buckets that are not compliant and remediate them by enabling SSE-KMS. Which AWS service should be used to implement this automated compliance enforcement?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config. AWS Config is the correct service because it provides managed rules (e.g., s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled) that can continuously evaluate S3 buckets for compliance with SSE-KMS. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can trigger an AWS Systems Manager Automation document or a custom remediation action (via AWS Config Rules remediation) to automatically enable SSE-KMS on the bucket, ensuring automated enforcement without manual intervention.

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Answer

AWS Service Catalog

Answer

AWS CloudFormation

Question 4

A company's security policy requires that all IAM users must authenticate with multi-factor authentication (MFA) before they can perform any actions on Amazon EC2 instances. The SysOps administrator needs to enforce this requirement using IAM policies. Which IAM policy condition key should the administrator use in the policy?

Accepted Answer

aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent. Option A is correct because the `aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent` condition key allows the administrator to enforce MFA authentication by checking whether the user authenticated with a valid MFA device before allowing the action. When set to `true`, the policy denies access to EC2 actions unless the user has completed MFA. This directly satisfies the security policy requirement.

Answer

aws:SourceIp

Answer

iam:PassedToService

Answer

ec2:SourceInstanceARN

Question 5

A company's security policy requires that all Amazon S3 buckets must have server-side encryption (SSE-S3 or SSE-KMS) enabled. The SysOps administrator needs to automatically detect any bucket that does not have encryption enabled and remediate it by enabling SSE-S3. Which AWS service should be used to implement this automated compliance enforcement?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config. AWS Config is the correct service because it provides managed rules (e.g., s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled) that can continuously evaluate S3 bucket configurations against the security policy. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can trigger an automatic remediation action via Systems Manager Automation to enable SSE-S3, enforcing compliance without manual intervention.

Answer

Amazon Inspector

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Answer

Amazon Macie

Question 6

A company manages multiple AWS accounts under AWS Organizations. The security team requires that all Amazon S3 buckets in the organization must be encrypted using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). The SysOps administrator needs to automatically detect any bucket that is not compliant and remediate it by enabling SSE-KMS. Which AWS feature or service should be used to implement this automated compliance enforcement?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with the s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled managed rule and automatic remediation using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document.. AWS Config's `s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled` managed rule can evaluate S3 buckets for encryption compliance. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can trigger automatic remediation via an AWS Systems Manager Automation document that applies SSE-KMS encryption to the bucket. This provides a fully automated, policy-driven enforcement mechanism without manual intervention.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail to log bucket creation events and trigger an AWS Lambda function that applies SSE-KMS.

Answer

Amazon Inspector to scan S3 buckets for encryption compliance and automatically apply SSE-KMS.

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor to check S3 bucket encryption and send notifications but not auto-remediate.

Question 7

A company wants to restrict access to an AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store parameter to only requests originating from the corporate network IP range (10.0.0.0/8). The SysOps administrator needs to implement this restriction using an IAM policy. Which condition key should be used?

Accepted Answer

aws:SourceIp. The correct answer is A because the `aws:SourceIp` condition key is designed to restrict access based on the requester's IP address. In this scenario, the corporate network IP range is 10.0.0.0/8, which is a private IPv4 address range. When used in an IAM policy, `aws:SourceIp` evaluates the source IP of the request as seen by AWS, allowing you to permit or deny access to Systems Manager Parameter Store based on that IP range.

Answer

aws:SourceVpc

Answer

aws:RequestedRegion

Answer

aws:UserAgent

Question 8

A company's security team requires that all IAM users must use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to access the AWS Management Console. The SysOps administrator needs to create an IAM policy that denies all console actions if the user has not authenticated with MFA. Which IAM condition key should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent. Option A is correct because the `aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent` condition key evaluates to `true` when the user has authenticated using MFA. By using this key in a `Deny` statement, the policy can block all console actions unless MFA is present, enforcing the security team's requirement.

Answer

aws:SourceIp

Answer

iam:PassedToService

Answer

aws:RequestedRegion

Question 9

A company uses AWS Organizations and has multiple accounts. The security team requires that all Amazon S3 buckets across all accounts must be encrypted at rest with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). The SysOps administrator needs to automatically detect non-compliant buckets and remediate them by enabling SSE-KMS. The solution must work across all existing and future accounts. Which AWS service should be used?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with a managed rule and an automatic remediation action using AWS Systems Manager Automation.. AWS Config with the managed rule 's3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled' can evaluate all S3 buckets across accounts in an AWS Organization. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, an automatic remediation action using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document (e.g., 'AWS-EnableS3BucketEncryption') can enable SSE-KMS without manual intervention. This solution scales to existing and future accounts because AWS Config can be set up as an aggregator across the organization, and remediation actions apply automatically as new accounts are added.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail with a metric filter and Amazon CloudWatch alarm to trigger a Lambda function.

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor to check S3 bucket encryption and send notifications.

Answer

Amazon Macie to discover sensitive data and then manually encrypt buckets.

Question 10

Match each AWS service with its primary security compliance function. (Drag each service to its correct function.) (Choose 4.)

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail -> Detect unauthorized API calls. AWS CloudTrail is the service that records API activity in your AWS account, including both management and data events. By enabling CloudTrail, you can detect unauthorized API calls by analyzing the recorded events for actions that were not initiated by authorized users or services, such as an IAM user making a call from an unexpected IP address or using an unknown user agent.

Question 11

A company's security policy requires that all Amazon S3 buckets must be encrypted at rest with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. A SysOps administrator discovers that some buckets are not encrypted. Which combination of AWS services should be used to automatically detect and remediate non-compliant buckets using infrastructure as code?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with a managed rule and AWS Lambda for automatic remediation.. AWS Config with a managed rule (e.g., s3-bucket-server-side-encryption-enabled) can continuously evaluate S3 buckets for compliance with the encryption policy. When a non-compliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can automatically invoke an AWS Lambda function to remediate the issue, such as enabling encryption with a customer managed KMS key. This combination provides automated detection and remediation using infrastructure as code, as the Config rule and Lambda function can be defined in AWS CloudFormation or similar IaC tools.

Answer

AWS CloudTrail and Amazon GuardDuty.

Answer

Amazon Inspector and AWS Systems Manager.

Answer

Amazon Macie and AWS CloudFormation.

Question 12

A company's security policy requires that all IAM users must change their passwords every 90 days. The SysOps administrator needs to enforce this requirement. Which IAM setting should the administrator configure?

Accepted Answer

IAM password policy. The IAM password policy is the correct setting because it allows the SysOps administrator to define password rotation requirements, such as a mandatory password change every 90 days. This policy is applied at the account level and enforces the security requirement for all IAM users, ensuring compliance without needing to modify individual user permissions.

Answer

IAM user permissions boundary

Answer

IAM role trust policy

Answer

IAM group policy

Question 13

A company's security policy requires that all IAM user passwords must be at least 12 characters long. The SysOps administrator needs to enforce this requirement across the AWS account. Which action should the administrator take?

Accepted Answer

Update the IAM account password policy to require a minimum length of 12 characters.. The IAM account password policy is the native AWS mechanism for enforcing password requirements across all IAM users in an account. By updating this policy to require a minimum length of 12 characters, the administrator ensures that any new or changed password must comply, and existing passwords are not affected until the next change. This is a direct, account-wide setting that requires no additional services or custom logic.

Answer

Create an AWS Config rule to check password length and auto-remediate.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail to monitor for password changes and alert the administrator.

Answer

Attach a service control policy (SCP) that denies IAM user creation if the password is less than 12 characters.

Question 14

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The security team wants to restrict access to a specific AWS service (Amazon EC2) in all accounts except for the 'production' account. The SysOps administrator needs to implement this restriction centrally. Which approach should the administrator use?

Accepted Answer

Attach a service control policy (SCP) to the organization root or to the OUs of non-production accounts that denies access to Amazon EC2.. Service control policies (SCPs) are the correct mechanism for centrally restricting permissions across accounts in AWS Organizations. By attaching an SCP that denies EC2 actions to the organization root or to the OUs containing non-production accounts, the security team can enforce this restriction at the account level, overriding any IAM policies within those accounts. This approach ensures that even if a user or role in a non-production account has an IAM policy granting EC2 access, the SCP will block it.

Answer

Create an IAM policy that denies Amazon EC2 actions and attach it to all users and roles in non-production accounts.

Answer

Use AWS Config to create a rule that detects EC2 usage in non-production accounts and automatically terminates instances.

Answer

Create a resource-based policy on each EC2 instance that denies access from non-production accounts.

Question 15

A company's security policy requires that all IAM users must authenticate using multi-factor authentication (MFA) before accessing the Amazon S3 bucket containing confidential finance data. The SysOps administrator needs to create an IAM policy that denies access to the S3 bucket if the user has not authenticated using MFA. Which IAM condition key should the administrator include in the policy?

Accepted Answer

aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent. The `aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent` condition key evaluates to `true` when the requesting IAM user has authenticated using a valid MFA device. By including this key in a `Deny` statement with a condition that it is `false`, the policy effectively blocks any S3 access unless MFA was used. This directly enforces the security policy requirement.

Answer

aws:UserAgent

Answer

aws:SourceIp

Answer

aws:RequestedRegion