DOP-C02 Multiple Select — 40 Questions

Question 1

A DevOps team is designing a CI/CD pipeline for a microservices application. Each microservice has its own code repository and build artifacts. The team wants to use AWS CodePipeline with multiple parallel actions to build and test all microservices simultaneously. They also want to ensure that if one microservice's build fails, the pipeline does not block other microservices. Which THREE steps should the team take? (Choose THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Use a parallel action group with separate build actions for each microservice.. Option A is correct because using a parallel action group with separate build actions for each microservice allows all microservices to be built simultaneously within a single pipeline. This design ensures that if one microservice's build fails, the other parallel actions continue unaffected, as CodePipeline treats each action in a parallel group independently.

Answer

Configure the pipeline to block subsequent stages if any build action fails.

Answer

Configure a single build action that sequentially builds all microservices.

Question 2

A DevOps team is designing a CI/CD pipeline using AWS CodeBuild and CodePipeline. They want to use infrastructure as code to define the build environment. Which TWO options are valid approaches to define the build environment in CodeBuild?

Accepted Answer

Define the build environment using a buildspec.yml file that includes runtime versions and environment variables.. Option B is correct because the buildspec.yml file is the primary mechanism in AWS CodeBuild to define the build environment, including runtime versions (e.g., runtime: nodejs:18) and environment variables. This file is placed at the root of the source code and instructs CodeBuild on how to execute the build phases, making it a valid infrastructure-as-code approach for environment configuration.

Answer

Configure CodeDeploy to set up the build environment before the build starts.

Answer

Use an Elastic Beanstalk environment to run the build.

Answer

Use an AWS CloudFormation template to specify the build environment configuration.

Question 3

A DevOps team is designing a monitoring strategy for a microservices application deployed on Amazon EKS. The application emits custom metrics, and the team needs to collect them with minimal latency and at high resolution. The team also needs to retain logs for 90 days for compliance. Which THREE steps should the team take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Use Fluent Bit daemonset to send application logs to CloudWatch Logs.. Option A is correct because Fluent Bit is a lightweight, high-performance log processor that can be deployed as a DaemonSet on Amazon EKS to collect application logs with minimal latency. It sends logs directly to CloudWatch Logs, which supports a retention policy of up to 10 years, easily meeting the 90-day compliance requirement. Fluent Bit's low resource footprint and efficient data pipeline ensure high-resolution log collection without impacting application performance.

Answer

Stream logs to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose for transformation before landing in CloudWatch Logs.

Answer

Enable CloudWatch Container Insights for the EKS cluster.

Question 4

A company is experiencing an ongoing security incident where an unauthorized user gained access to an AWS access key and is making API calls. The security team needs to immediately stop the unauthorized access and preserve evidence for investigation. Which TWO actions should the team take? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Enable CloudTrail logging to capture API calls for forensic analysis.. Option B is correct because enabling CloudTrail logging captures detailed API call records, including source IP, user agent, and request parameters, which are essential for forensic analysis and understanding the scope of the incident. CloudTrail logs provide immutable evidence that can be stored in S3 with versioning and MFA delete, ensuring the integrity of the investigation data.

Answer

Rotate the access key by creating a new key and updating the application.

Answer

Change the IAM policy attached to the user to deny all actions.

Answer

Contact AWS Support to have the key disabled.

Question 5

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The Security team wants to prevent member accounts from disabling AWS CloudTrail or deleting CloudTrail log files. Which TWO actions should the Security team take in the organization's management account? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Create an SCP to deny s3:DeleteObject on the CloudTrail log bucket.. Option C is correct because an SCP that denies s3:DeleteObject on the CloudTrail log bucket prevents member accounts from deleting log files stored in S3, even if they have full administrative permissions. This is a critical control to ensure log integrity and compliance with security policies.

Answer

Create an SCP to deny cloudtrail:UpdateTrail.

Answer

Create an IAM policy in each member account to deny cloudtrail:StopLogging.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail from the management account with organization trail.

Question 6

A DevOps engineer needs to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only users from a specific AWS account can read objects. Which TWO methods can achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Create an IAM role in the source account with read access to the bucket, and allow users in that account to assume the role.. Options A and D are correct. Bucket policy with condition can restrict to specific source account. IAM roles in the source account can grant cross-account access. Option B (pre-signed URLs) works for individual objects but not as a general restriction. Option C (block public access) does not restrict to a specific account. Option E (ACL) is legacy and less secure.

Answer

Enable S3 Block Public Access on the bucket.

Answer

Generate pre-signed URLs for each object and distribute them only to users in the target account.

Answer

Set a bucket ACL that grants read access to the target account's canonical ID.

Question 7

A company runs a microservices application on Amazon ECS with Fargate. The application includes a service that processes orders and stores them in an RDS PostgreSQL database. The company wants to ensure that the order service is resilient to AZ failures and can handle a sudden increase in order volume. Which TWO actions should the DevOps engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Deploy the RDS instance in a Multi-AZ configuration.. Option C is correct because deploying the RDS instance in a Multi-AZ configuration provides automatic failover to a standby replica in a different Availability Zone, ensuring database resilience to AZ failures. Option D is correct because configuring the ECS service to run tasks in multiple Availability Zones distributes the order processing workload across AZs, improving both fault tolerance and scalability during sudden traffic spikes.

Answer

Increase the CPU and memory limits for the ECS task definition.

Answer

Place an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the order service.

Answer

Use RDS Proxy to manage database connections.

Question 8

A company wants to design a highly available web application using AWS services. The application must be resilient to the failure of an entire AWS Region. Which THREE components should the architecture include? (Choose THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Amazon Route 53 with a failover routing policy.. Amazon Route 53 with a failover routing policy is correct because it enables DNS-based health checking and automatic traffic routing to a secondary region when the primary region becomes unavailable. This is essential for cross-region disaster recovery, as Route 53 can monitor endpoint health and update DNS records to direct users to the healthy region, ensuring application availability despite a full region failure.

Answer

An Application Load Balancer (ALB) deployed in one Region.

Answer

Amazon EC2 instances in a single Region.

Question 9

A company is building a multi-tier web application on AWS. The application must be resilient to the failure of an entire Availability Zone. The architecture includes an Application Load Balancer (ALB), EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. Which TWO actions should be taken to achieve this resilience? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch EC2 instances in at least two Availability Zones.. Option D is correct because configuring the Auto Scaling group to launch EC2 instances in at least two Availability Zones ensures that if one AZ fails, the remaining AZ(s) can continue serving traffic. This is a fundamental pattern for building AZ-resilient compute tiers. Option E is correct because deploying Amazon RDS for MySQL in a Multi-AZ configuration automatically provisions and maintains a synchronous standby replica in a different AZ, providing automatic failover if the primary DB instance fails, thus ensuring database resilience.

Answer

Configure an RDS read replica in a different Availability Zone.

Answer

Use a Single-AZ RDS for MySQL database to keep costs low.

Answer

Place all EC2 instances in the same Availability Zone to reduce cross-AZ data transfer costs.

Question 10

A company runs a critical application on AWS using Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, an Application Load Balancer (ALB), and an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB cluster. The application must maintain an RTO of 5 minutes and an RPO of 1 second for database transactions. The current setup meets these requirements, but the DevOps team wants to improve the resilience of the application tier to withstand a regional failure. Which THREE actions should be taken? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Replace the RDS Multi-AZ cluster with Amazon Aurora Global Database to replicate data across regions.. Amazon Aurora Global Database is the correct choice because it provides cross-region replication with a typical RPO of 1 second and RTO of 1 minute, meeting the stated requirements. Unlike standard RDS Multi-AZ, which is limited to a single region, Aurora Global Database replicates data asynchronously across multiple regions with minimal lag, ensuring the database tier can survive a regional failure while maintaining the required RPO of 1 second.

Answer

Use Amazon EFS Replication to replicate application data across regions with a recovery point objective (RPO) of 1 second.

Answer

Extend the existing Auto Scaling group to launch instances in two regions by specifying a second region in the launch template.

Question 11

A DevOps engineer is designing a deployment pipeline for a serverless application using AWS SAM. The pipeline must include the following stages: source, build, deploy to a development environment, run integration tests, and promote to production after manual approval. Which AWS services and features should be used to implement this pipeline? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate the pipeline stages.. AWS CodePipeline is the correct service for orchestrating the pipeline stages because it provides native support for defining source, build, deploy, test, and manual approval stages in a sequential workflow. It integrates directly with AWS SAM and can trigger builds and deployments based on source code changes, making it the ideal orchestrator for this multi-stage pipeline.

Answer

AWS CodeDeploy for deploying the SAM application.

Answer

AWS CodeCommit to build the SAM application.

Question 12

A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The DevOps team has enabled detailed CloudWatch metrics for the ALB and is using CloudWatch Logs for the EC2 instances. Recently, users report intermittent 503 errors. The team notices that the ALB's 'RequestCount' metric shows a sudden drop during error periods, while the 'ActiveConnectionCount' remains steady. Which TWO steps should the team take to diagnose the issue? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Enable and analyze the ALB access logs to see the HTTP response codes and target processing time.. Option A is correct because ALB access logs contain detailed per-request data, including HTTP response codes (e.g., 503) and target processing time. Analyzing these logs will reveal whether the 503 errors are coming from the ALB itself (e.g., due to request queue overflow) or from the targets, and whether the sudden drop in RequestCount is due to clients aborting or the ALB throttling requests.

Answer

Check the Amazon Route 53 health checks for the ALB DNS name.

Answer

Review the EC2 instances' CloudWatch metrics for CPU utilization and network traffic.

Answer

Inspect AWS CloudTrail logs for the ALB to see if there are any configuration changes.

Question 13

Which of the following are valid strategies for implementing continuous integration in AWS? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Configure AWS CodeBuild to automatically run tests when a pull request is created in CodeCommit.. Option A is correct because AWS CodeBuild can be configured to automatically run tests when a pull request is created in CodeCommit using a webhook or event rule. This enables continuous integration by validating code changes before merging, ensuring that only tested code is integrated into the main branch.

Answer

Set up AWS CodeDeploy to trigger a build every time a commit is pushed to a repository.

Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to create a stack that runs tests every time a new commit is pushed.

Question 14

A company's application uses Amazon DynamoDB as its primary data store. The application experiences occasional throttling errors during traffic spikes. The DevOps team needs to implement a solution that ensures consistent performance without manual intervention. Which TWO actions should the team take? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Implement DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to cache read requests.. DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) is an in-memory cache that reduces read response times from milliseconds to microseconds, offloading read-heavy workloads from the DynamoDB table. By caching frequently accessed items, DAX absorbs traffic spikes and reduces the likelihood of throttling on read requests, ensuring consistent performance without manual intervention.

Answer

Use eventually consistent reads for all queries.

Answer

Move the data to Amazon RDS with read replicas.

Answer

Switch DynamoDB to On-Demand capacity mode.

Question 15

A company uses Amazon CloudWatch Logs to store logs from multiple applications. The security team requires that logs are encrypted at rest using a customer-managed KMS key. Additionally, logs must be retained for 7 years for compliance. Which THREE steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Set the log group retention policy to 2557 days (7 years).. Option A is correct because CloudWatch Logs log group retention policies accept values in days, and 7 years equals 2557 days (7 × 365.25, accounting for leap years). Setting this retention policy ensures logs are automatically deleted after the compliance period, meeting the 7-year retention requirement without manual intervention.

Answer

Modify the existing log group to use the KMS key by updating the log group settings.

Answer

Set the log group retention policy to 'Never expire' and use lifecycle policies to transition logs to Amazon S3 Glacier after 30 days.

Question 16

A DevOps engineer is monitoring an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. The engineer wants to receive notifications when instances are launched or terminated. Which TWO AWS services can be used together to achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail captures API calls made to the EC2 Auto Scaling service, including RunInstances and TerminateInstances events. By sending these events to Amazon CloudWatch Logs, you can create metric filters that trigger CloudWatch Alarms, which then publish notifications to an SNS topic. This combination allows you to receive real-time notifications when instances are launched or terminated.

Answer

AWS X-Ray

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Alarms

Question 17

A DevOps engineer is designing a monitoring solution for a serverless application using AWS Lambda, Amazon API Gateway, and Amazon DynamoDB. The team needs to monitor for errors and latency. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to implement comprehensive monitoring? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Enable AWS X-Ray tracing on API Gateway and Lambda.. Option D is correct because AWS X-Ray provides end-to-end tracing for requests as they travel through API Gateway, Lambda, and DynamoDB, enabling the team to identify latency bottlenecks and errors across the entire serverless application. This is essential for comprehensive monitoring of distributed applications, as it captures detailed timing and error data for each component.

Answer

Enable DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to reduce latency.

Answer

Enable detailed billing metrics for cost analysis.

Answer

Configure CloudWatch Logs for DynamoDB.

Question 18

A company is experiencing a DDoS attack on its application hosted on AWS. The application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances. The security team needs to mitigate the attack with minimal latency impact on legitimate users. Which THREE actions should the team take? (Choose THREE.)

Accepted Answer

Enable AWS Shield Advanced on the ALB.. AWS Shield Advanced provides enhanced DDoS mitigation for ALBs, including access to the DDoS Response Team (DRT) and financial protection against scaling costs. It operates at the network and transport layers with minimal latency, as it inspects traffic inline without introducing significant processing delay. This makes it a critical first line of defense for high-availability applications under attack.

Answer

Disable cross-zone load balancing on the ALB to limit the number of instances receiving traffic.

Answer

Configure the Auto Scaling group to scale based on the NetworkIn metric to handle the increased traffic.

Question 19

A company uses AWS CloudTrail to log API activity. The security team wants to be alerted when an IAM user creates a new access key. Which TWO steps should be taken to accomplish this? (Choose TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Configure the CloudWatch Events rule to send a notification to an Amazon SNS topic.. Option B is correct because Amazon CloudWatch Events (now Events) can be configured to match specific API calls logged by CloudTrail, such as CreateAccessKey. When the rule triggers, it can invoke an SNS topic to send an alert, enabling real-time notification. This approach directly monitors the API activity without additional overhead.

Answer

Enable CloudTrail Insights to detect unusual activity in the account.

Answer

Create an AWS Config rule that checks for access key creation and sends an SNS notification.

Answer

Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to run a query on the CloudTrail logs and set an alarm.

Question 20

A DevOps engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance that is running out of storage. The engineer wants to resolve the issue without downtime. Which TWO actions can achieve this? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Enable storage auto scaling on the DB instance.. Option B is correct because enabling storage auto scaling on an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance allows the database to automatically increase its allocated storage when it detects that available storage is running low, preventing out-of-storage errors without requiring manual intervention or downtime. Option E is correct because modifying the DB instance to increase the allocated storage size is a dynamic operation that can be performed without downtime, as Amazon RDS supports online storage scaling for PostgreSQL instances, allowing the change to take effect while the database remains available.

Answer

Create a read replica and promote it to primary.

Answer

Delete old automated snapshots to free up storage.

Answer

Scale up the DB instance to a larger instance class.