DOP-C02 Practice Test 5 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A DevOps engineer is designing an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy a three-tier web application. The application must be highly available across multiple Availability Zones. The engineer needs to ensure that the database layer uses a Multi-AZ deployment. Which TWO options should the engineer implement to meet these requirements? (Choose TWO.)

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Select a database engine that supports Multi-AZ deployments.. Not all AWS RDS database engines support Multi-AZ deployments; for example, Amazon Aurora uses a different high-availability mechanism (cluster volume) and does not use the standard Multi-AZ feature. The engineer must verify that the chosen engine (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server) explicitly supports Multi-AZ to enable synchronous standby replication across Availability Zones. Option E is correct because setting the 'MultiAZ' property to 'true' on the 'AWS::RDS::DBInstance' resource directly instructs CloudFormation to provision a primary DB instance in one AZ and a standby in another AZ, with automatic failover.

Answer

Define a separate 'AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup' resource with subnets from at least two Availability Zones.

Answer

Deploy the database with multiple read replicas in different Availability Zones.

Answer

Configure the database to use a DB subnet group with subnets in a single Availability Zone.

Question 2

Which TWO tools can be used to manage configuration drift detection for AWS resources? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

AWS Config. AWS Config continuously monitors and records AWS resource configurations and can detect changes against desired baselines, enabling drift detection through rules and compliance checks. AWS CloudFormation Drift Detection directly compares the current state of a stack's resources with the expected template-defined state to identify configuration drift. Both tools provide native mechanisms to detect when resources deviate from their intended configuration.

Answer

AWS Systems Manager Inventory

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Answer

AWS CloudTrail

Question 3

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The security team mandates that all data must be encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS). The DevOps engineer must ensure that any new objects uploaded to the bucket are automatically encrypted. What should the engineer do?

Accepted Answer

Enable default encryption on the S3 bucket and select AWS-KMS as the encryption method.. Enabling default encryption on the S3 bucket with SSE-KMS ensures that all objects uploaded to the bucket are automatically encrypted at rest with AWS KMS. Option A is incorrect because CORS is for cross-origin requests and does not affect encryption. Option B is incorrect because while a bucket policy can enforce encryption headers, it does not provide default encryption; it only denies requests without the header, and default encryption is a simpler and more reliable method. Option D is incorrect because versioning does not encrypt data.

Answer

Enable CORS on the bucket to allow encrypted uploads.

Answer

Apply a bucket policy that denies PutObject unless the request includes the x-amz-server-side-encryption header with aws:kms.

Answer

Enable S3 Versioning to protect encrypted objects.

Question 4

A company runs a critical microservices architecture on Amazon ECS with Fargate. They want to ensure that if a task fails, it is automatically restarted, and the service remains available across multiple Availability Zones. How should they configure the ECS service?

Accepted Answer

Define an ECS service with a task definition, set desired count across multiple Availability Zones, and use Service Auto Scaling. An ECS service configured with a task definition, desired count across multiple Availability Zones, and Service Auto Scaling ensures resilience. The ECS service scheduler automatically restarts failed tasks, and distributing tasks across AZs provides high availability. Option A is wrong because placing all tasks in a single AZ creates a single point of failure. Option B is wrong because a standalone Fargate task does not have automatic restart; a CloudWatch alarm can restart it but lacks the built-in resilience of an ECS service. Option C is wrong because using a single EC2 instance is a single point of failure and does not provide multi-AZ resilience.

Answer

Place all tasks in the same Availability Zone to reduce latency

Answer

Run a standalone Fargate task and use a CloudWatch alarm to restart it

Answer

Use an EC2 launch type with a single instance to reduce complexity

Question 5

A DevOps engineer needs to store secrets such as database passwords for a serverless application. Which AWS service is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

AWS Secrets Manager. AWS Secrets Manager is the most appropriate service because it is specifically designed to manage secrets like database passwords, with automatic rotation, encryption, and fine-grained access control. Option A (DynamoDB) is a database, not a secrets manager. Option B (S3) can store encrypted data but lacks built-in secret rotation and management. Option C (Systems Manager Parameter Store SecureString) can store secrets but does not support automatic rotation, making Secrets Manager the better choice.

Answer

Amazon DynamoDB with encryption

Answer

Amazon S3 with server-side encryption

Answer

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store (SecureString)

Question 6

A DevOps engineer receives an alert that an EC2 instance has been compromised. The instance is part of an Auto Scaling group. What is the first step the engineer should take to isolate the instance?

Accepted Answer

Detach the instance from the Auto Scaling group and remove it from the load balancer. The first step to isolate a compromised EC2 instance in an Auto Scaling group is to detach it from the Auto Scaling group and remove it from the load balancer. This stops all incoming traffic to the instance, preventing further damage or data exfiltration while preserving the instance for forensic analysis. Option A (snapshot) is useful for preserving evidence but does not isolate the instance. Option C (AMI) similarly does not provide immediate isolation. Option D (terminate) may destroy evidence and should only be done after investigation.

Answer

Create a snapshot of the instance's root volume

Answer

Create an AMI of the instance for analysis

Answer

Terminate the instance immediately

Question 7

A developer is writing an AWS CloudFormation template to create an Amazon S3 bucket. The bucket name must be unique across all AWS accounts. Which property should the developer use to ensure the name is unique?

Accepted Answer

Omit the BucketName property so CloudFormation generates a unique name.. Omit the BucketName property so CloudFormation generates a unique name. Amazon S3 bucket names must be globally unique across all AWS accounts. If you specify a custom BucketName, you must ensure its uniqueness yourself, which is error-prone. By omitting BucketName, CloudFormation automatically generates a unique name that includes a random suffix, guaranteeing global uniqueness. Option A (DeletionPolicy) controls what happens when the stack is deleted, not naming. Option B (setting BucketName to a unique value via parameter) still requires manual uniqueness and is not a property that ensures uniqueness automatically. Option C (UpdateReplacePolicy) controls replacement behavior on updates, not naming. Therefore, omitting BucketName is the simplest way to ensure a unique name.

Answer

Use the DeletionPolicy attribute to retain the bucket.

Answer

Set the BucketName property to a unique value using a parameter.

Answer

Use the UpdateReplacePolicy attribute to control replacement.

Question 8

A company uses Amazon CloudFront to distribute content globally. Users in some regions report slow load times. The DevOps team wants to identify the geographic regions where performance is worst. Which tool should they use?

Accepted Answer

CloudFront reports in the AWS Management Console. CloudFront reports in the AWS Management Console provide performance metrics (e.g., total requests, error rates, latency) broken down by geographic region, enabling the team to identify regions with worst performance. Option A is wrong: CloudWatch metrics for CloudFront are aggregated per distribution, not per region. Option B is wrong: CloudFront access logs in S3 record individual requests but do not aggregate performance by region. Option C is wrong: Amazon Route 53 latency records are used for DNS-based routing decisions, not for analyzing CloudFront performance.

Answer

Amazon CloudWatch Metrics for CloudFront

Answer

CloudFront access logs in S3

Answer

Amazon Route 53 latency records

Question 9

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that an application running on EC2 can automatically recover from an underlying hardware failure without manual intervention. Which AWS feature should be enabled?

Accepted Answer

Configure EC2 Auto Recovery with a CloudWatch alarm. EC2 Auto Recovery automatically recovers an instance when it becomes impaired due to underlying hardware failure, preserving its instance ID, private IP, and Elastic IP. Option A is incorrect because termination protection only prevents accidental deletion, not recovery. Option C is incorrect because an Auto Scaling group with a minimum size of 1 can replace a failed instance but launches a new instance rather than recovering the same one. Option D is incorrect because CloudWatch detailed monitoring provides more frequent metrics but does not trigger recovery actions.

Answer

Enable termination protection

Answer

Configure an Auto Scaling group with a minimum size of 1

Answer

Enable CloudWatch detailed monitoring

Question 10

A DevOps engineer ran the above command and saw this output. What is the MOST likely cause of the stack creation failure?

Accepted Answer

The launch template name specified in the CloudFormation template is incorrect or does not exist.. The error message indicates that the launch template name specified in the CloudFormation template does not match any existing launch template in the account and Region. CloudFormation resolves the launch template name at stack creation time; if the name is incorrect or the template does not exist, the Auto Scaling group creation fails with a validation error. This is the most direct cause because the launch template name is a required parameter that must reference a pre-existing resource.

Answer

The key pair specified in the launch template does not exist.

Answer

The IAM role does not have permission to create the Auto Scaling group.

Answer

The AMI ID specified in the launch template is not available in this Region.