CLF-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Test 8 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The security team needs to enforce a consistent set of security group rules across all accounts. For example, they want to ensure that no security group in any account allows inbound SSH (port 22) from the internet (0.0.0.0/0). If a non-compliant security group is created, the service should automatically remediate by removing the offending rule or by applying a corrective policy. The company wants a managed AWS service that centrally applies these rules and requires no custom scripting. Which AWS service should the security team use?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Firewall Manager. AWS Firewall Manager is the correct service because it provides a centralized, managed way to apply security group rules across all accounts in an AWS Organization. It can automatically detect non-compliant security groups (e.g., those allowing SSH from 0.0.0.0/0) and remediate them by removing the offending rule or applying a corrective policy, all without custom scripting.

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

AWS Organizations

Answer

AWS Shield Advanced

Question 2

A retail company processes credit card payments and must comply with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). The company's compliance officer needs to obtain an official document from AWS that details the security controls AWS has implemented to support PCI DSS compliance for services such as Amazon RDS and Amazon EC2. The document must be downloadable as a PDF for review and audit purposes. Which AWS service should the compliance officer use to retrieve this document?

Accepted Answer

AWS Artifact. AWS Artifact is the correct service because it provides on-demand access to AWS compliance reports and security documents, including the PCI DSS compliance attestation and responsibility summary. The compliance officer can download the AWS PCI DSS compliance package as a PDF directly from the AWS Artifact console, which is specifically designed for audit and review purposes.

Answer

AWS Security Hub

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Question 3

A company uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database for its production application. The security policy requires that database passwords be rotated automatically every 90 days. The database credentials are currently stored in a configuration file on an Amazon EC2 instance. The company wants a fully managed AWS service that can securely store the credentials, automatically rotate them on a schedule, and update the RDS instance without requiring code changes to the application. Which AWS service should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS Secrets Manager. AWS Secrets Manager is the correct choice because it is a fully managed service designed specifically to securely store database credentials, automatically rotate them on a defined schedule (e.g., every 90 days), and natively integrate with Amazon RDS to update the password without requiring any application code changes. The application can retrieve the current credentials at runtime using the Secrets Manager API, eliminating the need for hardcoded or file-based credentials.

Answer

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store

Answer

AWS Key Management Service (KMS)

Answer

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)

Question 4

A company runs a web application on an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in the us-east-1 Region. The application serves HTTPS traffic. The company uses a third-party certificate authority to issue SSL/TLS certificates, but these certificates expire every year and require manual renewal. The company wants to use a managed AWS service to automatically provision, renew, and manage the SSL/TLS certificates for the ALB at no additional cost (no extra charge beyond the ALB usage). Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is the correct service because it can provision, manage, and automatically renew public SSL/TLS certificates for use with an Application Load Balancer at no additional cost. ACM integrates directly with ALB to handle certificate deployment and renewal, eliminating the need for manual renewal of third-party certificates. The service is free for public certificates used with supported AWS services like ALB, CloudFront, and API Gateway.

Answer

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)

Answer

AWS WAF

Answer

AWS Secrets Manager

Question 5

A company uses AWS CloudTrail to log all API calls in their AWS account for compliance and security auditing. Their compliance officer needs to prove to an external auditor that the CloudTrail log files have not been altered or deleted after they were created. The company must use the most cost-effective and built-in AWS feature to detect any tampering with the log files. What should the company enable?

Accepted Answer

Enable CloudTrail log file integrity validation. CloudTrail log file integrity validation uses a hash chain (SHA-256) to create a digest file that is signed with a private key, allowing you to verify that log files have not been modified, deleted, or tampered with after delivery. This is a built-in, no-cost feature that directly meets the compliance officer's requirement to prove log integrity to an external auditor without additional services or costs.

Answer

Enable server-side encryption for the CloudTrail log file S3 bucket using SSE-KMS

Answer

Configure CloudTrail to send logs to CloudWatch Logs and set a metric filter for changes

Answer

Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) delete on the S3 bucket

Question 6

A company has 50 IAM users in a single AWS account. The security policy requires that every IAM user must have a virtual MFA device enabled for AWS Management Console access. The company wants to automatically detect any user who disables or has an inactive MFA device and immediately revoke that user's ability to access AWS resources by disabling their access keys. The solution must be fully managed, require no custom scripts, and use native AWS services. Which AWS service should the company use to define the compliance rule and automatically trigger the remediation action?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config. AWS Config is the correct service because it provides managed rules (such as the `iam-user-mfa-enabled` managed rule) that continuously evaluate IAM user configurations against compliance policies. When a user disables or has an inactive virtual MFA device, AWS Config can detect the non-compliant resource and automatically trigger a remediation action via AWS Systems Manager Automation, which can disable the user's access keys without any custom scripts.

Answer

AWS Shield

Answer

AWS CloudTrail

Answer

AWS WAF

Question 7

A company hosts a critical e-commerce web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team is concerned about Layer 7 attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). They also want to automatically block traffic from known malicious IP addresses. The company needs a managed web application firewall that integrates directly with the ALB. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS WAF. AWS WAF is a managed web application firewall that protects web applications from common Layer 7 attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS), by inspecting HTTP/HTTPS requests. It integrates directly with an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to allow you to create custom rules that block or allow traffic based on request patterns, including automatically blocking traffic from known malicious IP addresses using managed IP reputation lists.

Answer

AWS Shield Advanced

Answer

Amazon GuardDuty

Answer

AWS Firewall Manager

Question 8

A company stores sensitive customer data in Amazon S3. The security policy requires that all objects be encrypted at rest using an encryption key that is automatically rotated every 12 months. The company must retain full control over the key, including the ability to immediately revoke access to the key if a security incident occurs. The security team also needs to audit every use of the key through AWS CloudTrail. Which key management solution should the company choose to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use an AWS KMS customer managed key (CMK) with automatic key rotation enabled.. AWS KMS customer managed keys (CMKs) allow you to enable automatic annual key rotation (every 12 months) and retain full control over the key, including the ability to immediately revoke access by disabling or deleting the key. CloudTrail integration is inherent with KMS, logging every use of the key via the `Decrypt` and `GenerateDataKey` API calls, meeting the audit requirement. This combination satisfies all stated security policy needs: encryption at rest, automatic rotation, full control, immediate revocation, and auditability.

Answer

Use an AWS KMS AWS managed key with automatic key rotation.

Answer

Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with SSE-S3.

Answer

Use AWS CloudHSM to generate and manage the key.

Question 9

A company uses AWS Organizations to centrally manage multiple AWS accounts. The security team requires a mechanism to prevent any IAM user or role in any member account from modifying Amazon S3 bucket policies to grant public access. The solution must be enforced centrally and cannot be overridden by account administrators. Which AWS feature should the company use?

Accepted Answer

Service control policies (SCPs). Service control policies (SCPs) are the correct choice because they allow AWS Organizations to centrally define permission guardrails that apply to all IAM users and roles across member accounts. SCPs can explicitly deny actions like s3:PutBucketPolicy to prevent any account administrator from modifying S3 bucket policies to grant public access, and these restrictions cannot be overridden by any IAM entity within the member account.

Answer

IAM permissions boundaries

Answer

AWS Config conformance packs

Answer

AWS CloudTrail Insights

Question 10

A company's compliance officer needs to provide an external auditor with copies of AWS SOC 2 reports and a PCI DSS attestation of compliance. The officer needs a self-service portal to download these documents directly, without contacting AWS Support. The solution must provide the most current versions of these reports. Which AWS service should the officer use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Artifact. AWS Artifact is the correct service because it provides a self-service portal for on-demand access to AWS compliance reports, including SOC 2 reports and PCI DSS attestations of compliance. It ensures the most current versions are always available without needing to contact AWS Support, directly meeting the compliance officer's requirement for a self-service download solution.

Answer

AWS Audit Manager

Answer

Amazon Inspector

Answer

AWS Config

Question 11

A company's security team manages AWS accounts for multiple business units using AWS Organizations. The security team needs a single place to view and prioritize all security alerts, including findings from Amazon GuardDuty, Amazon Inspector, and AWS IAM Access Analyzer. The team also wants to automatically run continuous compliance checks against industry standards such as the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark. The solution must provide a consolidated dashboard with automated findings aggregation and compliance score tracking. Which AWS service should the security team choose?

Accepted Answer

AWS Security Hub. AWS Security Hub is the correct choice because it provides a single, consolidated dashboard that aggregates security findings from multiple AWS services, including Amazon GuardDuty, Amazon Inspector, and AWS IAM Access Analyzer. It also performs automated continuous compliance checks against industry standards like the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark and tracks compliance scores over time, meeting all the stated requirements.

Answer

AWS Config

Answer

Amazon Detective

Answer

AWS Trusted Advisor

Question 12

A company stores sensitive financial data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The security policy requires that all data must be encrypted in transit. The security administrator discovers that some automated scripts are using HTTP instead of HTTPS to upload files. The administrator must enforce that any request that does not use HTTPS is denied by the S3 bucket policy. Which condition key should the administrator include in the bucket policy to enforce this requirement?

Accepted Answer

aws:SecureTransport. The `aws:SecureTransport` condition key in an S3 bucket policy evaluates whether the request was sent over HTTPS (TLS). Setting it to `false` denies any request that uses HTTP, enforcing encryption in transit as required by the security policy.

Answer

aws:SourceIp

Answer

aws:Referer

Answer

s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption

Question 13

A company runs a web application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. The application must comply with a security standard that requires encryption in transit for all web traffic. The company needs a service to centrally manage SSL/TLS certificates, automatically renew them, and deploy them to the ALB without manual intervention. Which AWS service should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is the correct service because it provides centralized management of SSL/TLS certificates, supports automatic renewal for certificates issued by ACM, and can seamlessly deploy these certificates to an Application Load Balancer (ALB) without any manual intervention. This directly meets the requirement for encryption in transit and compliance with the security standard.

Answer

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)

Answer

AWS Secrets Manager

Answer

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Question 14

A company runs an e-commerce website on AWS and expects a high volume of traffic during Black Friday. The security team is concerned about potential DDoS attacks overwhelming the infrastructure. The company wants a managed service that provides always-on detection and automatic inline mitigation of DDoS attacks at the network and transport layers (layer 3 and 4), as well as cost protection against scaling charges due to DDoS attacks. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Shield Advanced. AWS Shield Advanced is the correct choice because it provides always-on detection and automatic inline mitigation of DDoS attacks at layers 3 and 4 (network and transport layers), such as SYN floods and UDP reflection attacks. Additionally, it offers cost protection against scaling charges incurred due to DDoS-related usage spikes, which directly addresses the company's concern about financial impact from attack-induced scaling.

Answer

AWS Shield Standard

Answer

AWS WAF

Answer

Amazon GuardDuty

Question 15

A company's compliance team needs to enforce a policy that all Amazon S3 buckets must have 'Block all public access' enabled. If a bucket is created without this setting, the company wants the policy to be automatically remediated within minutes without manual intervention. The solution must check for compliance continuously and apply the fix automatically. Which AWS service should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS Config with an AWS Config rule and an automatic remediation action. AWS Config can continuously evaluate the configuration of S3 buckets against a managed rule like 's3-bucket-public-read-prohibited' or 's3-bucket-public-write-prohibited'. When a noncompliant bucket is detected, AWS Config can automatically trigger a remediation action using an AWS Systems Manager Automation document (e.g., 'AWS-DisableS3BucketPublicReadWrite') to enable 'Block all public access' within minutes, without manual intervention.

Answer

Amazon GuardDuty

Answer

AWS CloudTrail

Answer

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)