CLF-C02 Practice Exam 4 — 20 Questions

Question 1

A company manages multiple AWS accounts through AWS Organizations. The finance team wants to receive a consolidated view of costs across all accounts and track costs against a monthly budget of $50,000 for the entire organization. They want to be alerted when actual costs reach 90% of the budget and again when they exceed 100%. Which combination of AWS services should the finance team use?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

AWS Budgets to create a budget and configure alerts, and AWS Cost Explorer to view consolidated cost data.. AWS Budgets is the correct service for setting a monthly budget of $50,000 and configuring alerts at 90% and 100% thresholds. AWS Cost Explorer provides the consolidated view of costs across all accounts in AWS Organizations. Together, they meet both requirements: Budgets handles the alerting, and Cost Explorer provides the consolidated cost visualization.

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AWS Cost Explorer to create a budget alert and AWS Budgets to view consolidated costs.

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AWS Trusted Advisor to set a cost optimization budget and AWS Cost Explorer to send alerts.

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AWS Cost and Usage Report to generate a daily report and Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to send email alerts.

Question 2

A security auditor needs to know which IAM user deleted a specific S3 bucket last week, from which IP address the action was taken, and at what exact time. Which AWS service captures this information?

Accepted Answer

AWS CloudTrail. AWS CloudTrail is the correct service because it records all API calls made to the AWS environment, including S3 bucket deletion actions (DeleteBucket). It captures the identity of the IAM user, the source IP address, and the exact timestamp of each API call, which directly meets the auditor's requirements.

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Amazon CloudWatch

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AWS Config

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Amazon GuardDuty

Question 3

A company is expanding its AWS environment from a single account to multiple accounts using AWS Organizations. The security team wants to enforce a baseline set of permissions across all accounts, ensuring that users in any account cannot disable AWS CloudTrail or modify Amazon S3 bucket policies that prevent public access. Which feature of AWS Organizations should the security team use to achieve this control?

Accepted Answer

Service Control Policies (SCPs). Service Control Policies (SCPs) are the correct choice because they allow you to centrally define and enforce baseline permissions across all accounts in an AWS Organization. SCPs act as a guardrail, restricting what actions users and roles in member accounts can perform, even if they have full administrative privileges within their own account. By creating an SCP that explicitly denies the `cloudtrail:StopLogging`, `cloudtrail:DeleteTrail`, and `s3:PutBucketPolicy` actions (or similar), the security team can prevent disabling CloudTrail and modifying S3 bucket policies that block public access across the entire organization.

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Consolidated Billing

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AWS Config rules

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IAM roles

Question 4

A company runs a web application that accepts customer orders. During peak hours, the order processing component often becomes overloaded, causing orders to be dropped. The company wants to ensure that every order is reliably stored and processed, and that the web tier and the processing tier can scale independently without losing data. Which AWS service should the company use to decouple the application components and provide a durable buffer for incoming orders?

Accepted Answer

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS). Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is the correct choice because it provides a fully managed, durable, and scalable message queue that decouples the web tier from the processing tier. Orders are reliably stored in an SQS queue until the processing component retrieves them, ensuring no orders are dropped even during peak loads. SQS guarantees at-least-once delivery and supports independent scaling of producers and consumers without data loss.

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Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)

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Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

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AWS Step Functions

Question 5

A healthcare organization stores sensitive patient records in Amazon S3. The organization's compliance team learns that AWS stores data from multiple customers on the same physical hardware. They are concerned that data from different customers could be mixed or accessed by another customer. Which fundamental characteristic of cloud computing explains how AWS allows customers to share physical infrastructure while keeping each customer's data logically isolated?

Accepted Answer

Resource pooling. Resource pooling is the correct answer because it describes how AWS aggregates computing resources (including storage) from multiple customers into a shared pool, then logically isolates each customer's data through software-defined boundaries. In Amazon S3, this isolation is achieved via bucket policies, IAM roles, and object ACLs that enforce strict access controls, ensuring that even though physical hardware is shared, no customer can access another's data. This characteristic directly addresses the compliance team's concern about data mixing or unauthorized cross-tenant access.

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Rapid elasticity

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On-demand self-service

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Measured service

Question 6

A company has a web application deployed on AWS in the us-west-2 Region. The application is accessed by users across the globe, including Europe, Asia, and South America. The company wants to improve the application's performance for international users by reducing latency and packet loss. The solution must route user traffic over the AWS global network to the closest edge location. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Global Accelerator. AWS Global Accelerator is the correct choice because it uses the AWS global network to route user traffic to the closest edge location via Anycast IP addresses, reducing latency and packet loss. It optimizes the path from users to the application by directing traffic to the nearest edge endpoint, then forwarding it over the AWS backbone to the application in us-west-2. This improves performance for international users without caching content, unlike a CDN.

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Amazon CloudFront

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Amazon Route 53 (with latency-based routing)

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AWS Direct Connect

Question 7

A company hosts a public-facing web application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The development team has recently identified that the application is vulnerable to common web attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). The security team wants to deploy a managed solution that can inspect incoming HTTP requests and block malicious traffic before it reaches the application. The solution must integrate directly with the existing ALB and provide pre-configured rule sets that can be customized. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS WAF. AWS WAF is a managed web application firewall that integrates directly with Application Load Balancers to inspect HTTP/HTTPS requests. It provides pre-configured rule sets, such as those for SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS), which can be customized to block malicious traffic before it reaches the application. This makes it the correct choice for the described use case.

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AWS Shield Advanced

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Amazon GuardDuty

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AWS Firewall Manager

Question 8

A company runs a multiplayer gaming application on Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. The application uses the UDP protocol for real-time communication between players and game servers. Players in Asia and Europe report high latency and packet loss. The company wants to improve performance by directing player traffic from the nearest edge location to the application over the AWS global network, without modifying the application code. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Global Accelerator. AWS Global Accelerator uses the AWS global network to route UDP traffic from the nearest edge location to the application, reducing latency and packet loss without requiring code changes. It leverages Anycast IP addresses to direct player traffic to the closest edge location, then transports it over the optimized AWS backbone to the EC2 instances in us-east-1.

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Amazon CloudFront

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Amazon Route 53 latency routing

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AWS Site-to-Site VPN

Question 9

A financial services company must encrypt all sensitive customer data stored in Amazon S3 using an encryption key that the company manages and rotates annually. The company also needs a complete, tamper-proof record of every time the key is used (including who used it and on which object) to satisfy regulatory audit requirements. Which AWS service should the company use to meet both the key management and audit logging requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). AWS KMS is the correct choice because it allows the company to create and manage a customer managed key (CMK) with annual rotation, and it integrates with AWS CloudTrail to deliver tamper-proof logs of every KMS API call (e.g., Decrypt, Encrypt, GenerateDataKey). These logs record the key ID, the IAM user or role that made the request, and the S3 object ARN (via encryption context), satisfying both key management and audit logging requirements.

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AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)

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AWS CloudHSM

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AWS Secrets Manager

Question 10

A company stores sensitive customer data in Amazon S3 buckets. The company's security policy requires that all objects in these buckets be encrypted at rest using an encryption key that the company can rotate annually and audit for usage. The company also needs to control which IAM users and roles can use, create, and manage these keys. The security team wants to use an AWS managed service to handle the key management lifecycle. Which AWS service should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

AWS Key Management Service (KMS). AWS Key Management Service (KMS) is the correct choice because it is a managed service that allows you to create, rotate, and audit customer-managed keys (CMKs) used for encrypting S3 objects at rest. KMS integrates with AWS CloudTrail to log every key usage, enabling the required audit trail, and supports annual key rotation via automatic or manual rotation. It also provides fine-grained IAM policies and key policies to control which users and roles can use, create, and manage the keys, meeting all stated requirements.

Answer

Amazon S3 server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C)

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AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)

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AWS Secrets Manager

Question 11

A company has a global user base that uploads images to an Amazon S3 bucket in the us-east-1 Region. Users report slow upload speeds and frequent timeouts when uploading large files from distant locations. The company wants to use the AWS global network and edge locations to accelerate uploads to the S3 bucket. The solution must require minimal infrastructure changes on the client side and must be configured at the bucket level. Which AWS feature should the company enable?

Accepted Answer

Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration. Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration (A) uses AWS edge locations to route uploads over the AWS global network, reducing latency and timeouts for large files from distant locations. It is enabled at the bucket level and requires only a simple client-side change (using the accelerated endpoint instead of the standard S3 endpoint), meeting the requirement for minimal client-side modifications.

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Amazon CloudFront with an origin access identity

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AWS Global Accelerator using a custom routing accelerator

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Amazon S3 cross-region replication

Question 12

A financial services company stores confidential transaction records in Amazon S3. The company's compliance policy requires that all data at rest be encrypted using encryption keys that are under the company's full control. The keys must be automatically rotated every year. The company also needs a detailed audit trail of when each key was used and by which AWS principal. Which combination of AWS service and key type should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) with a customer managed key and enable automatic key rotation.. AWS KMS with a customer managed key allows the company to maintain full control over the encryption keys, enable automatic annual rotation, and provides detailed CloudTrail audit logs for every key usage, including the AWS principal that made the request. This satisfies the compliance requirements for encryption at rest, key rotation, and audit trail.

Answer

Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C) and store the keys in AWS Secrets Manager with automatic rotation enabled.

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Use Amazon S3 server-side encryption with AWS managed keys (SSE-S3) and enable automatic key rotation.

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Use AWS CloudHSM to generate and store the encryption keys, and configure an AWS Lambda function to rotate the keys every year and log usage to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Question 13

A company is building a serverless web application using AWS Lambda for compute. The application needs to expose RESTful API endpoints that allow users to perform CRUD operations on a database. The API must support authentication using API keys, throttle requests to prevent abuse, and validate incoming request payloads before they reach the Lambda functions. The company wants a fully managed service that handles these API management tasks and integrates directly with AWS Lambda. Which AWS service should the company use?

Accepted Answer

Amazon API Gateway. Amazon API Gateway is a fully managed service that handles RESTful API creation, authentication via API keys, request throttling to prevent abuse, and request payload validation before invoking AWS Lambda functions. It integrates natively with Lambda, making it the ideal choice for serverless web applications requiring CRUD operations with built-in API management.

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Amazon CloudFront

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Application Load Balancer

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AWS Step Functions

Question 14

A company operates hundreds of AWS accounts under AWS Organizations. The security team wants a single dashboard that aggregates security findings from Amazon GuardDuty, Amazon Inspector, and AWS Macie across all accounts. Additionally, they want to continuously assess the accounts against the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark and receive a consolidated compliance score. Which AWS service should the security team use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Security Hub. AWS Security Hub is the correct service because it provides a single dashboard that aggregates security findings from multiple AWS services, including GuardDuty, Inspector, and Macie, across all accounts in an AWS Organization. It also integrates with AWS Config rules to continuously assess accounts against the CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark and provides a consolidated compliance score, meeting both requirements.

Answer

AWS Config

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Amazon GuardDuty

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AWS Trusted Advisor

Question 15

A company uses AWS to run its web application. A developer needs to add additional storage capacity to an Amazon EC2 instance that hosts the application's database. The developer logs in to the AWS Management Console, navigates to the Amazon EC2 dashboard, creates a new Amazon EBS volume, attaches it to the instance, and mounts it within the operating system. The entire process takes less than 10 minutes and does not require any interaction with AWS support or approval from the IT department. Which essential characteristic of cloud computing does this scenario best demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

On-demand self-service. The developer was able to provision and attach an EBS volume to an EC2 instance entirely through the AWS Management Console without requiring any human interaction with AWS support or IT approval. This ability to independently request and configure computing resources as needed is the defining characteristic of on-demand self-service, as defined by the NIST definition of cloud computing.

Answer

Resource pooling

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Broad network access

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Measured service

Question 16

A multinational corporation has a policy that all cloud resources must be provisioned through a centralized IT team. This has caused delays, as developers sometimes wait days for a test environment to be created. The company wants to migrate to AWS to allow individual project teams to provision their own resources (such as Amazon EC2 instances and Amazon S3 buckets) directly through the AWS Management Console or API, without any manual approval process from IT. Which characteristic of cloud computing does this desired capability best represent?

Accepted Answer

On-demand self-service. The scenario describes developers provisioning AWS resources (EC2 instances, S3 buckets) directly via the AWS Management Console or API without requiring IT approval. This is the core definition of on-demand self-service, one of the five essential characteristics of cloud computing as defined by NIST SP 800-145: a consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.

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High availability

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Elasticity

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Resource pooling

Question 17

A company uses AWS Organizations to centrally manage multiple AWS accounts. The security team requires a mechanism to prevent any IAM user or role in any member account from modifying Amazon S3 bucket policies to grant public access. The solution must be enforced centrally and cannot be overridden by account administrators. Which AWS feature should the company use?

Accepted Answer

Service control policies (SCPs). Service control policies (SCPs) are the correct choice because they allow AWS Organizations to centrally define permission guardrails that apply to all IAM users and roles across member accounts. SCPs can explicitly deny actions like s3:PutBucketPolicy to prevent any account administrator from modifying S3 bucket policies to grant public access, and these restrictions cannot be overridden by any IAM entity within the member account.

Answer

IAM permissions boundaries

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AWS Config conformance packs

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AWS CloudTrail Insights

Question 18

A company is planning to migrate its on-premises data center to AWS. The finance team needs to compare the current on-premises infrastructure costs (including servers, storage, networking, and personnel) against the projected costs of running identical workloads on AWS over a three-year period. The team wants to input detailed specifications of their existing hardware and get a comprehensive report that highlights potential savings and provides a total cost of ownership (TCO) comparison. Which AWS tool should the finance team use?

Accepted Answer

AWS Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Calculator. The AWS Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Calculator is specifically designed to compare the costs of on-premises infrastructure with AWS, allowing users to input detailed hardware specifications (servers, storage, networking) and generate a comprehensive report that highlights potential savings over a chosen period (e.g., three years). This tool directly addresses the finance team's need for a TCO comparison, including personnel costs, which is not a feature of other AWS calculators.

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AWS Pricing Calculator

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AWS Cost Explorer

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AWS Simple Monthly Calculator

Question 19

A retail company runs a legacy application on a single on-premises server. The application experiences unpredictable traffic surges that degrade performance. The company is considering migrating to the AWS Cloud. Which cloud computing characteristic MOST directly addresses the ability to automatically adjust resources to meet changing demand without manual intervention?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity. Elasticity is the cloud computing characteristic that enables automatic resource provisioning and de-provisioning to match demand in real time, without manual intervention. For the retail company's legacy application with unpredictable traffic surges, elasticity directly addresses the need to dynamically scale resources up during spikes and down during lulls, which is distinct from the planned, manual scaling of scalability.

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Scalability

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High availability

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Durability

Question 20

A company runs its primary database on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance in the us-east-1 Region. The company's disaster recovery policy requires that the database be recoverable in a different AWS Region within 1 hour of a region-wide failure, with a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of less than 5 minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of less than 1 hour. Which AWS feature should the company use to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create a cross-region read replica of the DB instance in us-west-2.. A cross-region read replica in us-west-2 meets the RPO of less than 5 minutes because replication is asynchronous with a lag typically under 1 minute, and the RTO of less than 1 hour is achievable by promoting the replica to a standalone primary in the event of a region-wide failure. This approach provides a ready-to-use database copy in another region without the need for manual snapshot restoration.

Answer

Deploy a Multi-AZ RDS DB instance in us-east-1.

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Take manual DB snapshots daily and copy them to us-west-2.

Answer

Enable termination protection on the RDS instance.