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Question 328 of 475
Advanced Searching and StatisticsmediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Using the top Command for Frequency Ranking

A security analyst needs to find the top 10 users with the most failed login attempts from the linux_secure sourcetype. Which SPL command is most efficient for this task?

Quick Answer

The answer is `index=main sourcetype=linux_secure "Failed password" | top limit=10 user`. This is correct because the `top` command in SPL is purpose-built for frequency ranking, aggregating field values and returning the most common results in a single operation, making it more efficient than chaining `stats count`, `sort`, and `head`. On the Splunk Core Certified Power User SPLK-1003 exam, this question tests your ability to choose the most efficient command for ranking tasks, with a common trap being to overcomplicate the search with multiple commands when `top` handles both counting and sorting natively. Remember that `top` is the direct path to frequency ranking—think of it as a shortcut that combines count, sort, and limit into one streamlined command. For a quick memory tip, associate “top” with “top of the list” for frequency analysis, and always pair it with `limit=` to control output size.

⚠ Common exam trap

Splunk often tests the misconception that `stats count by user | sort -count | head 10` is functionally equivalent to `top limit=10 user`, but the trap is that `top` is more efficient and is the idiomatic Splunk command for this task, while the multi-command approach is less optimal and may be penalized in performance-sensitive scenarios.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

index=main sourcetype=linux_secure "Failed password" | top limit=10 user

The `top` command in SPL is specifically designed to return the most frequent values of a field, and the `limit=10` parameter directly restricts the output to the top 10 results. This approach is more efficient than using `stats count` followed by `sort` and `head` because `top` performs the aggregation and ranking in a single operation, reducing processing overhead. The search also correctly filters for 'Failed password' events within the `linux_secure` sourcetype, ensuring only failed login attempts are considered.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • index=main sourcetype=linux_secure "Failed password" | top limit=10 user

    Why this is correct

    The `top` command is optimized for finding top values and is efficient for this scenario.

  • index=main sourcetype=linux_secure "Failed password" | stats count by user | sort 10 -count

    Why it's wrong here

    The syntax `sort 10 -count` is invalid; `sort` requires `-count` then `head 10`.

  • index=main sourcetype=linux_secure "Failed password" | stats count by user | sort -count | head 10

    Why it's wrong here

    While functional, `stats` with `sort` and `head` is less efficient than `top` for this purpose.

  • index=main sourcetype=linux_secure | regex _raw="Failed password" | stats count by user | top limit=10

    Why it's wrong here

    Using `regex` is slower than using a search term in the base search.

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Same concept, more angles

2 more ways this is tested on SPLK-1002

These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.

Variation 1. A search returns many events, and the analyst wants to see a summary table of the top 5 values of the field `src_ip` along with the count of events for each. Which command should be used?

easy
  • A.eventstats
  • B.top
  • C.sort
  • D.rare

Why B: The `top` command in Splunk is specifically designed to find the most common values of a field and display them in a summary table with counts and percentages. By default, `top` returns the top 10 values, but you can use the `limit=5` parameter to restrict the output to the top 5 values of `src_ip` along with their event counts. This directly meets the analyst's requirement.

Variation 2. An analyst runs `index=web status=500 | top 10 uri` and gets results. Which statement is true about the 'top' command's behavior?

easy
  • A.It returns the 10 URIs that appeared most recently.
  • B.It computes the average latency per URI and shows the top 10.
  • C.It sums a numeric field per URI and shows the top 10 sums.
  • D.It requires a 'by' clause to specify the field to group by.
  • E.It counts the number of events per URI and displays the 10 with the highest count.

Why E: The `top` command in Splunk counts the occurrences of each distinct value of a specified field (here, `uri`) and returns the values with the highest counts. By default, it returns the top 10 results, so option E correctly describes that it counts events per URI and displays the 10 with the highest count.

Last reviewed: Jun 30, 2026

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