Question 190 of 513
1Z0-829 Utilizing Java Object-Oriented Approach Practice Question
Exhibit
Refer to the exhibit.
sealed class Shape permits Circle, Square {
abstract double area();
}
final class Circle extends Shape {
double area() { return 0; }
}
non-sealed class Square extends Shape {
double area() { return 0; }
}
class Triangle extends Shape { }Which statement about the code is correct?
⚠ Common exam trap
The trap here is that candidates often overlook the requirement that every direct subclass of a sealed class must be explicitly listed in the `permits` clause, assuming that simply extending the sealed class is sufficient.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
A compilation error occurs in the Triangle class because Triangle is not listed in the permits clause.
In a sealed class hierarchy, the `permits` clause must list all direct subclasses. If `Triangle` extends `Shape` but is not listed in the `permits` clause of `Shape`, the compiler will report an error. The sealed class mechanism enforces that only explicitly permitted subclasses may extend the sealed class.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
A compilation error occurs in the Triangle class because Triangle is not listed in the permits clause.
Why this is correct
Sealed classes require that all direct subclasses be listed in the permits clause.
- ✗
A compilation error occurs because Circle must be declared final.
Why it's wrong here
Circle is already final; that is correct for a sealed class hierarchy.
- ✗
A compilation error occurs because Shape must be declared abstract.
Why it's wrong here
Shape is already declared abstract; sealed classes can be abstract.
- ✗
The code compiles successfully.
Why it's wrong here
The Triangle class causes a compilation error because it is not permitted.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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