Quick Answer
The correct answer is FileNotFoundException, along with SQLException and IOException, as these are all checked exceptions in Java. A checked exception is any class that extends Exception but not RuntimeException, meaning the compiler forces you to handle it with a try-catch block or declare it in the method signature using the throws clause. On the Oracle Java Foundations 1Z0-811 exam, you will often see checked exceptions examples like these to test your understanding of compile-time error handling versus runtime exceptions. A common trap is confusing SQLException with an unchecked exception because it involves database errors, but since it directly extends Exception, it is checked. Similarly, FileNotFoundException and IOException are thrown during file operations and must be handled explicitly. To remember, think of the acronym SIF: SQLException, IOException, FileNotFoundException—all three force you to write handling code before your program will compile.
This 1Z0-811 practice question tests your understanding of exception handling and development tools. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which THREE are checked exceptions in Java? (Choose three.)
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why wrong: It is a RuntimeException (unchecked).
SQLException
It is a checked exception.
NullPointerException
Why wrong: It is a RuntimeException (unchecked).
IOException
It is a checked exception.
FileNotFoundException
It is a checked exception.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
SQLException
SQLException is a checked exception in Java because it extends Exception directly (not RuntimeException). Checked exceptions must be either caught with a try-catch block or declared in the method signature using the throws clause. SQLException is thrown when there is a database access error or other SQL-related issues, forcing the developer to handle potential failures at compile time.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why it's wrong here
It is a RuntimeException (unchecked).
SQLException
Why this is correct
It is a checked exception.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
NullPointerException
Why it's wrong here
It is a RuntimeException (unchecked).
IOException
Why this is correct
It is a checked exception.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
FileNotFoundException
Why this is correct
It is a checked exception.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Oracle often tests the distinction between checked and unchecked exceptions by including common RuntimeException subclasses (like NullPointerException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException) as distractors, exploiting the misconception that any exception must be handled.
Detailed technical explanation
Checked exceptions are subclasses of Exception but not of RuntimeException. The Java compiler enforces that checked exceptions are either caught or declared, promoting robust error handling for recoverable conditions like file I/O or database failures. Under the hood, the compiler checks the throws clause and try-catch blocks during compilation; if a checked exception is not handled, the code will not compile. In real-world scenarios, failing to handle SQLException could leave database connections open or transactions incomplete, leading to resource leaks.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
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FAQ
Exception Handling and Development Tools — This question tests Exception Handling and Development Tools — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: SQLException — SQLException is a checked exception in Java because it extends Exception directly (not RuntimeException). Checked exceptions must be either caught with a try-catch block or declared in the method signature using the throws clause. SQLException is thrown when there is a database access error or other SQL-related issues, forcing the developer to handle potential failures at compile time.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
Courseiva creates original exam-style practice questions with explanations and wrong-answer analysis. It does not publish real exam questions, exam dumps, or protected exam content. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →
Same concept, more angles
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. Which of the following exceptions is a checked exception?
easyWhy C: Option C is correct because IOException is a checked exception in Java, meaning it must be either caught or declared in the method signature using a try-catch block or throws clause. Checked exceptions are subclasses of Exception (excluding RuntimeException and its subclasses), and IOException directly extends Exception, making it subject to compile-time checking.
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Last reviewed: Jun 30, 2026
This 1Z0-811 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Oracle certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the 1Z0-811 exam.
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