Quick Answer
The answer is Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs). NSGs enable microsegmentation by acting as a distributed, stateful firewall that filters traffic between subnets, individual VMs, and network interfaces within a virtual network, which is essential for enforcing least-privilege access in a Zero Trust architecture. On the SC-900 exam, this concept tests your understanding of how to implement network-level isolation for workloads without deploying a central appliance. A common trap is confusing Azure Firewall with NSGs: while Azure Firewall provides centralized perimeter control, NSGs are the correct tool for granular east-west microsegmentation inside a VNet. For the exam, remember the mnemonic “NSG = Network Segmentation Granular” to distinguish it from Azure Firewall’s broader, centralized role.
This SC-900 practice question tests your understanding of describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Your company is adopting a Zero Trust network architecture. You need to implement microsegmentation for workloads running in Azure. Which Azure service should you use?
Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs)
NSGs filter traffic between subnets and VMs, enabling microsegmentation.
Azure Firewall
Why wrong: Azure Firewall is for network perimeter security.
Azure App Service
Why wrong: App Service is a platform for web apps.
Azure Front Door
Why wrong: Front Door is a global load balancer and WAF.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs)
Option C is correct because Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs) provide microsegmentation by filtering traffic between subnets and VMs. Option A is wrong because Azure Firewall is a stateful firewall but not for microsegmentation within a VNet. Option B is wrong because App Service is PaaS. Option D is wrong because Azure Front Door is a global load balancer.
Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs)
Why this is correct
NSGs filter traffic between subnets and VMs, enabling microsegmentation.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Azure Firewall
Why it's wrong here
Azure Firewall is for network perimeter security.
Azure App Service
Why it's wrong here
App Service is a platform for web apps.
Azure Front Door
Why it's wrong here
Front Door is a global load balancer and WAF.
Common exam traps
Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.
Detailed technical explanation
Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.
Key takeaway
Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Real-world example
An e-commerce site experiences heavy traffic on Black Friday and near-zero traffic during off-peak weeks. Rather than provisioning permanent large VMs, the team uses auto-scaling groups that add capacity automatically under load and reduce it overnight. Questions like this test whether you understand elasticity, availability zones, and cloud compute scaling patterns.
What to study next
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SC-900 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
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FAQ
Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity — This question tests Describe the concepts of security, compliance, and identity — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..
The correct answer is: Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs) — Option C is correct because Azure Network Security Groups (NSGs) provide microsegmentation by filtering traffic between subnets and VMs. Option A is wrong because Azure Firewall is a stateful firewall but not for microsegmentation within a VNet. Option B is wrong because App Service is PaaS. Option D is wrong because Azure Front Door is a global load balancer.
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SC-900 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
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Last reviewed: Jun 21, 2026
This SC-900 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Microsoft certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SC-900 exam.
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