Quick Answer
The answer is model-driven telemetry. This is the correct choice because it implements a subscription-based push model that streams operational updates from network devices to a collector only when values change, directly eliminating the need for repeated polling. Unlike traditional SNMP polling, which wastes bandwidth and CPU by requesting data at fixed intervals regardless of change, model-driven telemetry uses YANG data models to define exactly which operational data to subscribe to, delivering only relevant real-time updates. On the AZ-104 exam, this concept tests your understanding of modern network monitoring versus legacy polling; a common trap is confusing it with SNMP traps, which are event-driven but lack the structured, subscription-based efficiency of model-driven telemetry. Remember the key distinction: polling asks repeatedly, while subscription pushes only on change. A helpful memory tip is “Push, don’t pull—subscribe for the full.”
This AZ-104 practice question tests your understanding of implement and manage virtual networking. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
collector: 10.10.10.50 subscription: interface-counters mode: periodic 1000ms encoding: GPB
Exhibit: A network engineer wants a subscription-based mechanism to stream operational updates from devices as values change, instead of polling over and over. Which approach best fits?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "best"
Why it matters: Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
collector: 10.10.10.50 subscription: interface-counters mode: periodic 1000ms encoding: GPB
Model-driven telemetry
Telemetry streaming is built for near-real-time updates without constant polling.
TFTP backup
Why wrong: TFTP copies files and does not stream operational state.
Port security sticky learning
Why wrong: That is a switchport access control feature.
VTP pruning
Why wrong: VTP pruning concerns VLAN flooding on trunks.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Model-driven telemetry
Model-driven telemetry uses a subscription-based push model to stream operational data from network devices to a collector as values change, eliminating the need for repeated polling. This approach reduces bandwidth and CPU overhead by delivering only relevant updates in real time, which aligns with the requirement for a subscription-based mechanism.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Model-driven telemetry
Why this is correct
Telemetry streaming is built for near-real-time updates without constant polling.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "best" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
TFTP backup
Why it's wrong here
TFTP copies files and does not stream operational state.
Port security sticky learning
Why it's wrong here
That is a switchport access control feature.
VTP pruning
Why it's wrong here
VTP pruning concerns VLAN flooding on trunks.
Common exam traps
The trap here is that candidates may confuse TFTP backup with a streaming mechanism because both involve data transfer, but TFTP is a pull-based file transfer protocol, not a subscription-based push model for operational updates.
Detailed technical explanation
Model-driven telemetry relies on YANG data models and protocols like gRPC or NETCONF to define which operational data is streamed, with subscriptions specifying update triggers (e.g., on-change or periodic). Under the hood, the device pushes structured data (e.g., in JSON or GPB format) to a collector, which is critical for real-time monitoring in large-scale networks where polling via SNMP would be inefficient.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
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FAQ
Implement and Manage Virtual Networking — This question tests Implement and Manage Virtual Networking — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: Model-driven telemetry — Model-driven telemetry uses a subscription-based push model to stream operational data from network devices to a collector as values change, eliminating the need for repeated polling. This approach reduces bandwidth and CPU overhead by delivering only relevant updates in real time, which aligns with the requirement for a subscription-based mechanism.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Yes — watch for: "best". Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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