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System SecurityhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

LPIC-2 System Security Practice Question

Network Topology
-A INPUT -m conntrackctstate ESTABLISHED-A INPUT -p tcpdport 22 -m conntrackctstate NEW -j ACCEPTRefer to the exhibit.```-P INPUT ACCEPT-A INPUT -j DROP

Refer to the exhibit. An administrator has applied these iptables rules. Users can still SSH into the server from any IP address, which is unexpected because the administrator intended to restrict SSH to only a specific subnet. What is the most likely reason the restriction is not working?

⚠ Common exam trap

Many exam-takers assume the DROP rule will block all traffic except the intended subnet, but they overlook that the ACCEPT rule without a source IP matches everything first, making the DROP rule unreachable for SSH packets.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The SSH rule does not specify a source IP, so it accepts connections from any IP.

The SSH ACCEPT rule does not include a source IP specification, so by default iptables matches any source address. The administrator intended to restrict SSH to a specific subnet, but without a `-s` parameter, the rule accepts all incoming SSH connections regardless of origin. The DROP rule for other subnets is never reached because the ACCEPT rule matches first for all SSH traffic.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The SSH rule does not specify a source IP, so it accepts connections from any IP.

    Why this is correct

    Without a -s option, the rule matches all source IPs, leading to unrestricted SSH access.

  • The default policy is ACCEPT, so the DROP rule is ignored.

    Why it's wrong here

    The DROP rule is explicit and overrides the default policy for matched packets.

  • The conntrack module is not loaded, so the state matching fails.

    Why it's wrong here

    If conntrack were not loaded, the rules would fail entirely; SSH would not work at all.

  • The rules are in the wrong order; the DROP rule should be before the SSH rule.

    Why it's wrong here

    Order is correct: established/related first, then new SSH, then drop.

Visual reference

192.168.1.0 /24 256 addresses (254 usable) 192.168.1.0 /25 Subnet A 128 addr (126 usable) 192.168.1.128 /25 Subnet B 128 addr (126 usable) Borrowing 1 bit from host portion creates 2 subnets (/25)

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JA

Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

This LPIC-2 practice question is part of Courseiva's free LPI certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the LPIC-2 exam.