LPIC-2 Linux Kernel and System Startup Practice Question
During kernel development, a developer modifies only a few source files in a module directory. Which make target should be used to rebuild only that module without compiling the entire kernel?
⚠ Common exam trap
Many candidates confuse `make modules` (which builds all modules) with the `M=` syntax (which targets a specific module directory), leading them to choose option C instead of B.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
make M=./drivers/net
The `M=./drivers/net` argument tells the kernel build system to build only the module(s) in the specified directory as external modules, without recompiling the entire kernel tree. This is the standard way to rebuild a single kernel module after modifying its source files, leveraging the already configured kernel build environment.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
make oldconfig && make
Why it's wrong here
This runs a full build, including kernel image, which is unnecessary and time-consuming.
- ✓
make M=./drivers/net
Why this is correct
The M parameter specifies the directory of the module to compile, useful for external modules or partial rebuilds.
- ✗
make modules
Why it's wrong here
This compiles all modules, not just the specific one.
- ✗
make modules_install
Why it's wrong here
This installs already compiled modules; it does not compile.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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