JN0-106 Routing Fundamentals Practice Question
Exhibit
show route forwarding-table destination 0.0.0.0/0 Routing table: default.inet Destination Type RtRef Next hop Type Index NhRef Netif 0.0.0.0/0 user 0 192.168.1.1 ucst 1112 2 ge-0/0/0.0
Refer to the exhibit. What does the 'user' type indicate about the route?
⚠ Common exam trap
Test-takers frequently confuse 'user' with 'kernel' or 'direct' routes, mistakenly thinking any route not learned from a protocol must be kernel-generated, but Junos explicitly labels manually configured static routes as 'user' to differentiate them from kernel-derived interface routes.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
The route was manually configured.
In Junos, the 'user' type in a route table indicates that the route was manually configured, typically via a static route statement under the 'routing-options' hierarchy. This distinguishes it from routes learned dynamically through routing protocols or derived from the kernel's interface addresses.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The route is from the kernel.
Why it's wrong here
In Junos, the route type 'user' does not refer to kernel-originated routes. Kernel routes are displayed with the 'kern' type in the forwarding table, representing routes installed by the operating system itself, such as directly connected interfaces. A route listed as 'user' indicates that an administrator explicitly created it through configuration, typically as a static route, rather than it being derived from the kernel.
- ✓
The route was manually configured.
Why this is correct
The 'user' route type in Junos specifically indicates that the route was manually configured by an administrator, typically as a static route. When you see this type in the routing table, it confirms that the route was entered via configuration commands and not dynamically learned or automatically generated. This is a quick way to distinguish static routes from protocol-learned or kernel-derived routes in the routing table.
- ✗
The route is a default route generated by the router.
Why it's wrong here
Default routes that are generated by the router itself, such as those learned via DHCP or automatically created for internal purposes, are not assigned the 'user' type. These routes typically appear with types like 'dhcp' or 'local' and are not the result of manual configuration. The 'user' type is exclusively reserved for routes that an administrator statically defines, so a router-generated default route would show a different type.
- ✗
The route was learned from a routing protocol.
Why it's wrong here
Routes learned from dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP, or IS-IS are not labeled 'user' in Junos. Instead, they are identified by protocol-specific types like 'ospf' or 'bgp', or sometimes aggregated under 'other' for less common protocols. The 'user' type is specifically reserved for manually configured static routes, not for routes that are dynamically learned from routing updates.
Quick reference
Routing Protocol Comparison
| Protocol | Metric | Max Hops | Algorithm | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIP v2 | Hop count | 15 | Bellman-Ford | Distance vector |
| OSPF | Cost (bandwidth) | Unlimited | Dijkstra (SPF) | Link state |
| EIGRP | Composite metric | Unlimited | DUAL | Hybrid |
| IS-IS | Cost | Unlimited | Dijkstra | Link state |
| BGP | Policy / attributes | Unlimited | Path vector | Path vector |
RIP's 15-hop limit makes it unsuitable for large networks. OSPF and EIGRP dominate modern enterprise deployments.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This JN0-106 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Juniper Networks certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the JN0-106 exam.