ISC Identity And Access Management Architecture Practice Question
Which TWO factors are mandatory for a secure 'MFA' implementation?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Validation of multiple independent credentials.
MFA requires at least two distinct authentication factors from different categories (e.g., possession and knowledge).
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Exclusion of any knowledge-based factors.
Why it's wrong here
Knowledge factors (passwords) are allowed in MFA.
- ✓
Validation of multiple independent credentials.
Why this is correct
Independent validation is key to security.
- ✗
The use of a proprietary hardware token only.
Why it's wrong here
Software-based MFA is also acceptable.
- ✓
Factors from different authentication categories.
Why this is correct
This is the definition of multi-factor.
- ✗
The use of only biometric factors.
Why it's wrong here
This is single-factor (inherence).
About these practice questions
This ISC question is part of Courseiva's 208-question bank — original exam-style content with full explanations and wrong-answer analysis, never real exam questions or exam dumps. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →
JA
Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
Last reviewed August 2026 · checked against the official (ISC)² exam blueprint
This ISC practice question is part of Courseiva's free (ISC)² certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the ISC exam.