CSSLP Secure Software Concepts Practice Question
Which TWO of the following are essential components for achieving 'Non-repudiation'?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Digital signatures
Non-repudiation requires proof of origin (usually via digital signature) and a secure, immutable audit trail.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Digital signatures
Why this is correct
Provides proof of origin.
- ✓
Immutable audit logs
Why this is correct
Provides proof that the action occurred.
- ✗
Multi-factor authentication.
Why it's wrong here
Provides authentication, not non-repudiation.
- ✗
Load balancing.
Why it's wrong here
Provides availability.
- ✗
Strong encryption of data in transit.
Why it's wrong here
Encryption provides confidentiality, not non-repudiation.
About these practice questions
This CSSLP question is part of Courseiva's 198-question bank — original exam-style content with full explanations and wrong-answer analysis, never real exam questions or exam dumps. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →
JA
Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
Last reviewed August 2026 · checked against the official (ISC)² exam blueprint
This CSSLP practice question is part of Courseiva's free (ISC)² certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CSSLP exam.