CISSP Security and Risk Management Practice Question
This CISSP practice question tests your understanding of security and risk management. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
An organization's risk assessment identified a vulnerability in a legacy system that cannot be patched because the vendor no longer supports it. The system processes sensitive customer data and is critical for daily operations. The risk is rated as high likelihood and high impact. The organization has a moderate risk appetite. Which risk treatment is most appropriate?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Mitigate by implementing compensating controls
Since the system cannot be replaced immediately, implementing compensating controls (e.g., network segmentation, strict access controls, monitoring) reduces the risk to an acceptable level. Accepting a high risk is not advisable when it exceeds appetite. Cyber insurance does not protect against data breach consequences adequately. Decommissioning would disrupt critical operations.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Transfer the risk through cyber insurance
Why it's wrong here
Insurance covers financial loss but does not reduce likelihood or impact; also may not cover all damages.
✗
Avoid the risk by decommissioning the system
Why it's wrong here
Decommissioning would severely impact operations; not the best option if compensating controls are feasible.
✗
Accept the risk
Why it's wrong here
The risk is above appetite; acceptance could lead to unacceptable losses.
✓
Mitigate by implementing compensating controls
Why this is correct
Compensating controls reduce risk to an acceptable level while allowing business operations to continue.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A security team runs a vulnerability scan on a web application and discovers an unpatched SQL injection flaw. The team prioritises remediation by CVSS score — critical flaws are patched within 24 hours, high within 7 days. Questions like this test whether you understand vulnerability management processes, scanning tools, and remediation prioritisation.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this CISSP question in full detail.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISSP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Security and Risk Management — This question tests Security and Risk Management — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Mitigate by implementing compensating controls — Since the system cannot be replaced immediately, implementing compensating controls (e.g., network segmentation, strict access controls, monitoring) reduces the risk to an acceptable level. Accepting a high risk is not advisable when it exceeds appetite. Cyber insurance does not protect against data breach consequences adequately. Decommissioning would disrupt critical operations.
What should I do if I get this CISSP question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISSP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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